Historical Background of Longhai Railway Construction

Longhai Railway means that its starting point is in Gansu and northern Jiangsu. Gansu abbreviation? Hey? ,? Sea? Haizhou (now Lianyungang District 1). 1933, the government of the Republic of China built Ang Lee Yuncheng in northern Jiangsu, because the port of this place is between Liandao and Yuntai Mountain ... Longhai Railway means that its starting point is in Gansu and northern Jiangsu. Gansu is called "Chang" for short, and "Hai" is Haizhou (now Lianyungang District 1). 1933, the government of the Republic of China built Ang Lee Yuncheng in northern Jiangsu, which was named after the port was between Lianyuan Island and Yuntai Mountain. 196 1 changed its name to Lianyungang city. Longhai Railway started on 1905, and 1953 ran through the whole line. This line was originally called Qin Long Yuhai Railway, and later called "Longhai Railway", which has been in use ever since. Longhai Railway, formerly known as Bianluo Railway, was built as a branch line of Lu (Lugou Bridge) Han (Hankou) Railway. Luhan Railway started construction in April 1897, and the whole line was completed and opened to traffic in April 1906. 190 1 After the signing of the Xin Chou Treaty in September, under the oppression of imperialism, the Qing government was forced to move the starting point of the railway from Lugouqiao to Qianmen. 1 April, 9061day, after the entire Luhan Railway was completed, it was renamed Han Jing Railway after being accepted by Governor Zhang Zhidong of Huguang and Governor Yuan Shikai of Zhili. Longhai Railway was built at the beginning of last century, which took more than half a century. From the late Qing Dynasty to the 1950s, it experienced various historical stages such as China's borrowing from foreign countries, official supervision and commercial operation, separation of powers and checks and balances, warlord scuffle, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the war of liberation in the first half of last century. After decades of construction, the Longhai Railway only extends to Shaanxi. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek continued to build several railways with the so-called assistance of the United States and Britain. Among them, the Longhai Railway from Baoji to Tianshui was built to adjust troops to deal with the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. 1939 In May, the Baotian (Chicken)-Tongyan (now Tongchuan, then called Tongguan, was the main coal-producing area in Shaanxi) Engineering Office of Longhai Railway Bureau was established, responsible for the construction of Baotian section railway and Xian Tong branch railway. At that time, the Baotian section of the railway only dug a few tunnels and stopped. 1942 decided to rush to repair the Baotian section of the railway, which is scheduled to be completed in two years. Tianshui established Baotian Railway Engineering Bureau and Survey Corps to conduct survey and design. In June+10 of that year, the Baotian section of the railway started again, and it was fully started in March. The total length of this section of railway is154.8km, of which the total length of tunnel is 22km, accounting for one seventh of the length of the line, and there are more than 0/00 tunnel bridges. The railway crosses the Qinling Mountains, with steep Longshan in the north and rolling Weihe River in the south, with deep streams and steep walls. In addition, the Weihe River is fast-flowing, the project is very arduous, and the construction is extremely difficult. In view of the above situation, the design was restricted by many conditions, and the technical standards had to be lowered, which coincided with the extreme difficulty of funds and the shortage of road construction materials during the Anti-Japanese War. We will use the old rails removed from Zhongmou to Baimasi section of Longhai Line, and the bridge is also made of the old beams removed from the eastern section. At the same time, in order to save cement, most piers are masonry structures. Under this series of objective conditions, the engineering quality of Baotian section railway is very poor. At that time, the Resources Committee of the National Government also planned to build Weihe Reservoir in Baoji Gorge, and proposed to raise the subgrade of Baotian section by 60 meters to avoid floods and damage to the railway after the reservoir was impounded in the future. In this way, the workload of subgrade and tunnel in Baotian section further increased, and the railway traveled along the hillside slope, so that it frequently collapsed and became the famous "cecum" section of Northwest Railway, leaving many future troubles. It took six and a half years from1945,65438+February, 3 1 to Tianshui, and to1March, 946. The whole section 154.8km, with a total investment of 32.028 billion yuan. Due to the soaring prices during the Anti-Japanese War, the actual cost was 65,438+0,455 times higher than the original budget. 1946 When it was handed over to Longhai Railway Bureau in March, Baotian Railway Engineering Bureau was changed to Tianlan Railway Engineering Bureau, and Tianshui-Lanzhou Railway continued to be built westward. The survey of Tianlan Railway first started at 194 1, and was planned to be completed in three years, but it was delayed. 1946 In May, the Ministry of Communications of the National Government began to build the Tianlan section of the Longhai Railway. Soon, the civil war broke out in an all-round way. Chiang Kai-shek's government has no time to care about people's livelihood, let alone spend money to build railways. Therefore, in 1947, Tianlan Railway Engineering Bureau was forced to issue such a cry: "The road is in financial difficulties ..... the money cannot be paid. An average of more than 2 billion yuan per month is still not enough to fully meet recurrent expenses and pay off accumulated debts. How can I control my work needs? " Until the liberation of Lanzhou in August of 1949, Tianlan Railway only opened several tunnels, excavated some earth and stone, and only completed 3.6% of the total engineering quantity (13%), and the road construction efficiency was extremely low, far from completing all the tasks. After the liberation of Northwest China,1May, 950, the Ministry of Railways rebuilt the railway from Tianshui to Lanzhou under the guidance of the policy of "partially rerouting and focusing on construction". At that time 1950, Northwest Railway Main Line Engineering Bureau (now China Railway No.1 Bureau Group Company) established in Tianshui was responsible for organizing the construction of this section, which was the first trunk railway built after the founding of New China. 195 1 year, the premier personally appointed Wang, a railway engineering expert (1904.2― 1992.9, from xushui county, Hebei), to participate in the leadership and technical management of road construction, and officers and men of the 12th Division of the Fourth Army of the First Field Army of the People's Liberation Army were also ordered to participate in the construction of the Tianlan Railway. Although the national finance was still quite difficult at that time, in order to build the northwest, the central people's government mobilized a lot of manpower and material resources and allocated a lot of money to build the Tianlan Railway. With the joint efforts of100000 workers and PLA officers and soldiers, the track-laying task of 376 kilometers (354.3 kilometers) was completed on August 23rd 1952. On September 29th, this section of railway was officially opened to traffic, and a grand opening ceremony was held in Lanzhou on June 10. After opening to traffic, Zhu De, Peng and other leading comrades wrote their own inscriptions. Mao Zedong's inscription is "Celebrate the opening of Tianlan Road and continue to work hard to build Lan Xin Road". After Tianlan Railway was opened to traffic, Longhai Railway was opened to traffic. In August, 1954, Tianlan section was officially put into operation. Longhai Railway has been built for more than one hundred years, which witnessed the history and development of China for one hundred years. Every major historical event in China since the late Qing Dynasty can be found on this railway until the founding of New China. The construction of Longhai Railway proves that the railway is prosperous when the country is rich and the people are strong, and the railway is difficult when the country is in trouble. We should cherish today's opportunities for peaceful development and make our due contribution to national prosperity, national rejuvenation and all-round social development.