How to strengthen the basic knowledge of intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance

Intangible cultural heritage refers to various customs, performances, forms of expression, knowledge systems and skills, and related tools, articles, handicrafts and cultural sites, which are regarded as their cultural heritage by various groups, groups and sometimes even individuals. So how to strengthen the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage? Let's get to know each other.

How to strengthen the basic knowledge of intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance

First, the deep excavation of cultural heritage is the premise of protection and inheritance.

China's intangible cultural heritage includes not only various folk arts and handicrafts, but also numerous folk ceremonies and festivals, which can be said to cover all aspects of social life. However, because most intangible cultural heritages come from the people and have a long history, with the rapid development of economy and society, the living environment of intangible cultural heritages is facing unprecedented challenges, some precious intangible cultural heritages are on the verge of extinction, and a large number of precious intangible cultural heritages are destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to excavate, arrange and protect the intangible cultural heritage protection projects. First, it is necessary to organize personnel to conduct a general survey of local intangible cultural heritage with historical, cultural and scientific value, and fully understand the history, living conditions, distribution areas, inheritors, relevant places, physical materials, related folk activities and protection of local intangible cultural heritage; Second, we should organize local writers and artists who are familiar with local culture to dig deep into the cultural connotation of intangible cultural heritage. Only by doing a good survey of intangible cultural heritage and digging deep into the connotation of intangible cultural heritage can the protection and inheritance be based.

Second, seriously carrying out heritage research is the key to protection and inheritance.

Strengthening the research of intangible cultural heritage projects plays an important guiding role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage and is of great significance to further inherit and carry forward intangible cultural heritage. At present, the research on intangible cultural heritage in China is relatively immature, and a relatively scientific research system has not been established. In view of the interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural characteristics of intangible cultural heritage, we should break down disciplinary barriers, strengthen exchanges and dialogues between different disciplines, pay equal attention to diversity and integration, and provide more and more scientific methods for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. It is necessary to actively attract experts from all walks of life and all aspects to participate in the research work through the establishment of national and local intangible cultural heritage protection expert committees. You can also establish research bases, organize representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage and folk artists to carry out in-depth research, and improve the quality of research. For high-quality research results, the government should give necessary support, awards and honorary titles, so as to promote the research of intangible cultural heritage to achieve greater results and provide decision-making reference and intellectual support for scientific protection.

Third, actively popularizing heritage knowledge is the basis of protection and inheritance.

Publicity is an effective form of protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritage, which is conducive to attracting the attention of all sectors of society and enhancing the degree of attention. China's intangible cultural heritage is rich and varied, which is unique to the world. Only extensive and in-depth publicity can popularize the public's heritage knowledge. It is necessary to publicize the protection of intangible cultural heritage through mass media such as radio, film and television, newspapers and the Internet. You can also hold exhibitions, forums, lectures and other activities of intangible cultural heritage to promote the spread of intangible cultural heritage, expand social influence, and create a good atmosphere for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. It is necessary to make full use of the functions of exhibition platforms such as museums and cultural centers, do a good job in the physical display, on-site production and performance of intangible cultural heritage projects and their inheritors, the life experience and inheritance work experience of the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage projects, the historical origin, cultural connotation and artistic value of intangible cultural heritage projects, and better promote the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage.

Fourth, establishing and perfecting the safeguard mechanism is the foothold of protection and inheritance.

Establishing and perfecting the protection system of intangible cultural heritage is an important guarantee for the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage. China has a vast territory and many nationalities, and its intangible cultural heritage has strong regional characteristics. In view of this situation, local governments should establish and improve three mechanisms in addition to local legislation on intangible cultural heritage: First, build a perfect inheritor protection mechanism. The inheritor of intangible cultural heritage is an important part of inheriting excellent folk traditional culture. The competent government departments should establish and improve the corresponding legal system for the protection of intangible cultural heritage inheritors, strengthen the protection of inheritors and improve the protection system. Second, we must build a perfect inheritor identification mechanism. It is necessary to scientifically set the accreditation standards, and? Personnel engaged in the collection, collation and research of intangible cultural heritage materials? It is also included in it, strengthening the support for inheritors, setting up an incentive mechanism for inheritors, grading the inheritance activities of inheritors, and mobilizing the consciousness and enthusiasm of inheritors to protect and inherit intangible cultural heritage. Third, we should build a perfect inheritance declaration mechanism. The intangible cultural heritage is declared step by step to ensure that all regions, ethnic groups and cultures in China are orderly and compatible in the declaration and protection of intangible cultural heritage, and all forms of intangible cultural heritage can be reasonably protected and shine brilliantly.

Cultural centers and the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage

I. Definition of Intangible Cultural Heritage

According to the definition of UNESCO's Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, intangible cultural heritage refers to various customs, performances, forms of expression, knowledge systems and skills and related tools, articles, handicrafts and cultural sites that are regarded as their cultural heritage by various groups, groups and sometimes individuals. The scope of intangible cultural heritage includes: oral tradition and language as cultural carriers; Traditional performing arts (including opera, music, dance, folk art, acrobatics, etc. ); Folk activities, ceremonies and festivals; Folk traditional knowledge and practice about nature and the universe; Traditional handicraft skills; Cultural space related to the above forms of expression.

Intangible cultural heritage is a people-oriented living cultural heritage, which emphasizes people-centered skills, experience and spirit and is characterized by living changes. In other words, intangible cultural heritage refers to various forms of traditional cultural expressions that exist in intangible forms and are closely related to people's lives and passed down from generation to generation.

Second, the role of cultural centers in intangible cultural heritage protection

(1) Resource Survey

A general survey of intangible cultural heritage resources in this area is the basic work of inheriting and protecting intangible cultural heritage. The census needs the close cooperation of relevant departments and a large number of intangible cultural heritage related staff to conduct a comprehensive census of the current situation of intangible cultural heritage resources in this region within a limited time. 2009 is an important year for the general survey of intangible cultural heritage resources in Liaoning Province. Take Benxi as an example. Benxi now governs Pingshan District, Mingshan District, Xihu District, Nanfen District, Economic Development Zone and Benxi and Huanren Manchu Autonomous Counties, with a total area of 84 1 1.3 square kilometers, and has 25 sub-district offices (one in each county) and 40 townships. Benxi has a large population and a wide distribution. Due to the special geographical location of Benxi City, it is not easy to carry out the general survey of intangible cultural heritage. In addition, the county cultural centers and stations are short of personnel, making it difficult to carry out the census. However, the cultural departments of counties and districts have overcome all difficulties. Under the unified arrangement of the leaders of the competent departments, 864 intangible cultural heritage resources were registered. After further screening, 68 projects were registered.

(2) Collection and arrangement

Collecting and sorting out information is a long process in the application of intangible cultural heritage projects, which requires staff to collect written materials, pictures and other related materials related to the application projects from libraries, museums and inheritors. The cultural center itself has preserved a large number of targeted historical and cultural materials, as early as? Seven or five? During this period, cultural workers in Benxi went deep into counties, districts and villages to collect and sort out Benxi's national folk arts. The book "Integration of Folk Dances in China" only contains six folk dances, which provides convenient conditions for declaring intangible cultural heritage. Since the protection of intangible cultural heritage was carried out, the staff of Benxi People's Art Museum went deep into towns and visited inheritors, and also kept a lot of precious video materials. Benxi Mass Art Museum has about 500 grams of intangible cultural heritage pictures, 50 grams of pictures and 200 CDs. In addition, Benxi Mass Art Museum is the main position to carry out mass culture and has a broad mass base, which greatly promotes the collection and collation of materials in the process of applying for intangible cultural heritage.

(3) Pre-declaration

Declaration is the key work of intangible cultural heritage protection, and the value of intangible cultural heritage resources is mainly realized through declaration. The application for intangible cultural heritage projects consists of written materials, picture materials and video materials. It is not difficult for cultural centers to express intangible cultural heritage projects in the form of words. The cultural center has research departments and writing staff who can express the written materials of the declared projects professionally. In today's digital age, cultural centers are basically equipped with photographic equipment, which is operated by professionals. These conditions facilitate the declaration of intangible cultural heritage, and only in cultural centers can these conditions fully exist and play a greater role.

(4) Subsequent protection

After the successful declaration of intangible cultural heritage projects, the protection of intangible cultural heritage projects has become the main work of cultural centers. Benxi People's Art Museum files intangible cultural heritage projects, collects objects from inheritors with limited funds, makes exhibition cases, visits inheritors regularly to learn about the latest situation, grants living allowances to inheritors, and encourages and helps inheritors to establish inheritance bases. In large-scale activities and festivals every year, Benxi People's Art Museum displays Benxi intangible cultural heritage projects in the form of exhibition boards, and invites project inheritors to perform live performances. These activities enable these endangered intangible cultural heritage projects to integrate into modern society and continue to survive and move forward today when the social environment has undergone tremendous changes.

What are the advantages of cultural centers in the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage?

(1) Talent advantage

Cultural center is a public welfare cultural institution specially set up by the state, and it is the forefront of training and counseling, publicity and education, theoretical discussion and collection, collation, declaration and protection of intangible cultural heritage. Cultural centers generally gather all kinds of artistic talents such as music, dance, drama, folk art, fine arts, calligraphy, photography and group theory, which can be said to be the gathering place of cultural talents in various cities. Most of these professionals graduated from professional colleges or made great achievements in a certain professional field. They often participate in grassroots mass cultural counseling, and the mass base is profound. In the stage of general survey and data collection of intangible cultural heritage, they have strong professionalism and provide help for the work of intangible cultural heritage. Take the provincial intangible cultural heritage project "Benxi Drum Music" in Liaoning Province as an example. The music score handed down from the early days of Benxi drum music is scale music score, and the recording method of early music is rarely understood today. The staff engaged in music in Benxi People's Art Museum participated in the excavation and declaration of this project, visited the inheritors, discussed the score with them and translated it into a simple score. This kind of professionalism and counterpart is unmatched by cultural institutions such as libraries and museums.

After the successful application of intangible cultural heritage projects, the professionals in cultural centers also occupy an extremely important position in the later process of inheritance and protection. It is a long-term and arduous task to develop, train and guide inheritors. Taking the project "Traditional Woodblock New Year Pictures" in Liaoning Province as an example, in 2007, Benxi Huanren Traditional Woodblock New Year Pictures was declared as a municipal intangible cultural heritage project. In order to prevent the loss of this traditional folk art skill, for many years, the staff engaged in fine arts in Benxi People's Art Museum has established a printmaking training base in Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, constantly providing regular printmaking guidance and training for local farmers. Huanren Woodblock New Year Pictures have participated in various national, provincial and municipal exhibitions on behalf of Benxi for many times and promoted them.

Professionals occupy an important position in the process of declaration, inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage, and only cultural centers have professionals in many aspects, which is the responsibility and advantage of cultural centers. In this way, the cultural center is the most suitable position for the declaration, protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.

(2) Publicity advantages

The cultural center itself has the responsibility of publicity and education. The most important thing is that the cultural center can publicize intangible cultural heritage from many aspects and angles. Various propaganda methods and angles make the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage not only stay at a specific level, broaden the propaganda scope of intangible cultural heritage and greatly enhance the people's awareness of protecting intangible cultural heritage. The second Saturday of June every year is designated as the whole country? Cultural Heritage Day? Where are the provinces and cities? Cultural Heritage Day? During this period, intangible cultural heritage projects were publicized, and Benxi Mass Art Museum was no exception. This day is a day of great concern for intangible cultural heritage. Benxi has five national intangible cultural heritage projects, 1 1 provincial intangible cultural heritage projects and 14 municipal intangible cultural heritage projects. Benxi People's Art Museum exhibited 30 projects in the form of flat panels. Cultural Heritage Day? On this day, an exhibition was held, and at the same time, taking advantage of the favorable conditions of the exhibition site, national and provincial project information films were played circularly through LED color display screens, and several project inheritors were invited to perform at the event site. In addition, Benxi Mass Art Museum introduced the intangible cultural heritage projects of our city by adding a special issue of Benxi mass culture, which not only showed the achievements of Benxi intangible cultural heritage protection to foreign cultural centers and stations, but also played a powerful role for the citizens of this city.

Use modern scientific and technological means to promote intangible cultural heritage. June 5438+February 2008, Benxi Mass Art Museum? The website is officially opened, is there a special one? Invisible protection Column, including the relevant information of Benxi intangible cultural heritage protection project, and set up an intangible cultural heritage forum to communicate with readers, update Benxi intangible cultural heritage protection information in time, so that people can easily search Benxi intangible cultural heritage resources, thus promoting Benxi intangible cultural heritage publicity.

Since 20 14, Benxi Mass Art Museum has carried out the activities of bringing intangible cultural heritage into campus for many times, which has aroused good response. 20 15 Liaoning provincial department of culture meeting? Has the intangible cultural heritage entered the campus and the community? As a key livelihood project in Liaoning Province, from the beginning of 20 15 to now, Benxi People's Art Museum has carried out intangible cultural heritage activities 12 times on campus, 8 times in community leisure squares, and 1 time in reserve forces, which has popularized more than 6,000 people, truly making intangible cultural heritage knowledge enter the campus, the community and the people.