Detailed data collection of Guanting Reservoir

Guanting Reservoir is located at the junction of Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing. Commencement in June 195 1 10, completion in May 1954. It is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. The main current is Yongding River in Huailai, Hebei Province. For more than 40 years, this reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation. Guanting Reservoir was once one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. In the late 1980s, the water in the reservoir area was seriously polluted. In 1990s, the water quality continued to deteriorate, and the reservoir was forced to withdraw from the urban drinking water system from 65438 to 0997.

Chinese Name: Guanting Reservoir Area: Zhangjiakou, Hebei, Yanqing, Beijing Construction Time: 195 1 year1October Completion Time:1May, 954 Completion Location: Guanting Gorge Entrance Installed Capacity: 30,000 kW Opening Hours: Full-day Admission Price: 10. Must-read before departure, scenic spot dynamics, scenic spot introduction, key information, scenic spot beautiful picture, basic description, function, reservoir introduction, three floods, 1956 flood, 1967 flood, 1974 flood, construction scale, project introduction, function, flood control standard, environmental conditions, pollution. Huailai County, Hebei Province, China, 0/05km away from Beijing/KLOC-. Yongding River is one of the mainstream of Haihe River system, and most of it flows through the loess area, with a large sediment concentration (up to 32.2%), so it is called "Little Yellow River". The downstream silts up, the river bed rises and is often flooded. In order to radically cure Yongding River, Guanting Reservoir started construction on June 195 1 and was completed on May 5 1954. The reservoir was built at the entrance of Guanting Gorge. It is said that there was a "water official" here in the Ming Dynasty to monitor the water situation. The old Guanting village and reservoir are named after Guanting. The installed capacity of the power station is 30,000 kilowatts, which was completed in 1955. The power supply is used for industry and lighting during peak load of Ping Jin-Tangshan power grid. Gardens have been built along the coast, which is a scenic spot near Beijing. Guanting Reservoir is located between Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing. Commencement in June 195 1 10, completion in May 1954. It is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. The main water flow is Yongding River in Huailai, Hebei Province, with a reservoir area of 280 square kilometers and a perennial water surface area of 130 square kilometers. The total design storage capacity is 410.60 billion cubic meters, the total reservoir basin area is 43,400 square kilometers, the control basin area is 47,000 square kilometers, the multi-year average flow rate is 44.6 cubic meters per second, the design flood flow rate is 1. 1.450 cubic meters per second, and the total storage capacity is 265.438+0.9 billion cubic meters. Guanting Reservoir Guanting Reservoir was once one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. In the late 1980s, the water in the reservoir area was seriously polluted. In 1990s, the water quality continued to deteriorate, and the reservoir was forced to withdraw from the urban drinking water system from 65438 to 0997. It was reopened as a drinking water source in Beijing in August 2007. Guanting Reservoir, located at the junction of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing, is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. The main stream of Guanting Reservoir is Yongding River in Huailai, Hebei Province, which has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation. Guanting Reservoir was once one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. Gardens were built along Guanting Reservoir, a scenic spot near Beijing. 1954 May 13 Guanting Reservoir Completion Celebration Conference1954 May 13, Guanting Reservoir was completed. Guanting Reservoir is located in the basin at the junction of Yanqing County in Beijing and Huailai County in Hebei Province, with an area of 230 square kilometers and a total storage capacity of 2.2 billion cubic meters. The reservoir dam was built between two mountains, cutting off the Yongding River from the middle. The completion of the reservoir not only reduced the flood peak in the upstream flood season, but also intercepted a lot of sediment, so that the Yongding River was completely cured. * * * personally visited Guanting Reservoir and wrote an inscription: "Celebrate the successful completion of Guanting Reservoir Project". After the completion of the reservoir, it has been playing a huge role in flood control, power generation, irrigation and flood discharge. Guanting lake is connected with many surrounding tourist attractions, only 70km from Deshengmen in Beijing to the south, 7km from Badaling, the famous Great Wall of Wan Li, 8km from Longqing Gorge in Yanqing to the east, and there is Kangxi Grassland by the lake. Guanting Reservoir is about the same area as Miyun Reservoir, sandwiched between two mountains, with good water quality and open water surface. There are steep rock banks and delicate beaches on the south bank, and all kinds of fruits with high sugar content have convenient transportation, which is really a good place for Beijingers to spend their holidays around. Three Floods Guanting Reservoir Since 1953, there have been three floods in Yongding River, all above 1000m3/s, and the flood peak of Guanting Reservoir has been reduced by 70.3-95.9%, basically avoiding the flood disaster in the lower reaches of Yongding River. 1956 flood 1956 Guanting reservoir is in danger because mud leaked from the pit on the downstream slope of the dam. At the same time, beijing-baotou railway is under construction. For the safety of the reservoir, the water level of the reservoir is controlled at 476 meters. From the middle and late June to the beginning of July, there was heavy rainfall in the upper reaches of the reservoir, and the flood volume reached 2110 million cubic meters. Among them, emergency rescue was carried out on August 6 to alleviate the danger of workers and beaches in the lower reaches of the river. The gate was closed for more than five hours. On the 7th, the downstream Ximazhuang burst, and the reservoir closed the gate again to stop flood discharge. On August 9th 17, the maximum inflow peak11/4m3/s, due to the storage function of the reservoir and the requirement of downstream peak shifting, the reservoir discharged 370 million m3 of flood water and intercepted 463 million m3 of flood water. During this period, the reservoir drainage mainly uses water tunnels and power stations to generate electricity and regulate the reservoir. Guanting Reservoir 65438+ 1959 From the end of July to the beginning of August, there was an instantaneous flow of 2660 cubic meters per second in the upper reaches of Guanting Reservoir, and the water level of the reservoir reached 477.05m on August 6. In order to ensure the safety of the reservoir, water tunnels and power stations are mainly used to generate electricity and discharge water for reservoir dispatching. The gate was opened 79 times, with a displacement of 6.5438+78 million cubic meters and a maximum displacement of 600 cubic meters per second. Far less than the discharge capacity of 2500 cubic meters per second that the downstream channel can bear. At the same time, in order to reduce the burden of the downstream river, the discharge time of the water conveyance river is appropriately adjusted under the condition that the flood in Guanting Gorge is also relatively large. 1967 flood in early August1967, the maximum flood peak of the reservoir 1500m3/s, and the water level of the reservoir exceeded 478m on August 27th. In order to consider the problems of upstream submergence and downstream flood control, water tunnels and power stations are used to generate electricity and discharge water, totaling/kloc-0.06 million cubic meters. 1974 Flood1974 There were several heavy precipitation processes in the upper reaches of Guanting River in the middle and late July. The maximum flood peak of Yanghe Xiangshuibao Station 1240 m3/s, the reservoir water level reached 476m in August 1 day, reached 477m on August 8th, and reached the highest value in flood season on August 23rd. To sum up, since the completion of the reservoir, water tunnels and hydropower stations have been mainly used for storage and discharge, which has effectively utilized water resources. Construction Scale Guanting Reservoir was built in Yongding River, Huailai, Hebei Province, with a drainage area of 47,000 square kilometers, an average annual flow of 44.6 cubic meters per second, a designed flood flow of 1 1.450 cubic meters per second, a total storage capacity of 21.90 million cubic meters, a designed irrigation area of 6,543,800 mu and an installed capacity of 30,000 kilowatts. Guanting Reservoir is located at the junction of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing. It is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. Start in June 195 10 and finish in May 1954. The designed total storage capacity is 410.60 billion cubic meters, and the total reservoir basin area is 43,400 square kilometers. For more than 40 years, this reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation. Guanting Reservoir was one of the main water supply sources in Beijing at that time. The newly-built guanting lake is 40 kilometers long from east to west, 7 kilometers wide from north to south and 0.5 kilometers narrow, with a total area of 253 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 2.3 billion cubic meters. There are 26 species of fish and shrimp, 38 species of plankton and 8/kloc-0 species of phytoplankton in the lake, with an annual fishing capacity of 1.500 tons. The dam of Guanting Reservoir is 45 meters high, and the Yongding River meets the Huailai Basin formed by the alluvial of Sanggan River, Yanghe River and Guishui River above the dam, with an area of 230 square kilometers, which controls the runoff of 97% of the Yongding River basin, with a storage capacity of 2.27 billion cubic meters (the storage capacity is decreasing year by year due to sediment deposition). It can intercept the once-in-a-century flood in Guanting, alleviate the flood threat in Ping Jin and ensure the safety of Jingshan and Han Jing railways. It also supplies urban water for Beijing, and can irrigate more than 20,000 hectares of farmland in the southeast suburb of Beijing with wastewater. The library provides a large number of aquatic products for cities such as Beijing. The installed capacity of the power station is 30,000 kWh, which was completed in 1955. The power supply is used for industry and lighting during peak load of Ping Jin-Tangshan power grid. Gardens have been built along the coast, which is a scenic spot near Beijing. Guanting lake of Guanting Reservoir is connected with many surrounding tourist attractions. It is only 70km away from Deshengmen in Beijing in the south, 7km away from Badaling, the famous Great Wall of Wan Li at home and abroad, 8km away from Longqing Gorge in Yanqing in the east, and there is Kangxi Grassland by the lake. Project introduction 1. Project name: Guanting Reservoir Project location: The reservoir is located at the entrance of Guanting Gorge of Yongding River, about 80 kilometers northwest of Beijing, and the dam site is located at the entrance of Guanting Gorge of Yongding River in Huailai County, Hebei Province. The reservoir area spans Huailai County of Hebei Province and Yanqing County of Beijing, and consists of Yongding River Reservoir Area and Guishui River Reservoir Area. It is a large-scale control project to eradicate the development of Yongding River and its basin, and it is one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. The reservoir hub consists of barrage, water conveyance and flood discharge tunnel, spillway and hydropower station. The reservoir is a first-class project and the main building is a first-class building. 2. Project commencement time: the project started in 195 1 year1October. Project completion time:1May, 954. Operation time of the project: June 65438+July 0955, when it is put into operation. Xiuwu played a role. Guanting Reservoir has been in operation for more than 40 years, which has played a great role in flood control and profit promotion. (1) Flood control benefit: The flood control benefit of the reservoir is remarkable, basically avoiding the flood disaster in the lower reaches of Yongding River. After the completion of the reservoir, more than 8 times of floods per second 1 1,000 cubic meters were impounded, and the peak flow was reduced by 70-96%, which played a role in impounding floods, so that no floods occurred in the downstream, and played a very significant role in ensuring flood control safety in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the vast areas in the lower reaches of Yongding River. Guanting Reservoir (II) experienced the biggest flood in history: from the end of July to the beginning of August, at 1959, there was an instantaneous flow of 2660m3/s in the upper reaches of Guanting Reservoir, and the inflow peak was 2499m3/s. In order to ensure the safety of the reservoir, the water conveyance tunnel and power generation diversion tunnel were mainly used for reservoir regulation; The floodgates were opened for 79 times, with a water discharge of 6.5438+78 million cubic meters and a maximum discharge of 600 cubic meters per second. At the same time, in the case of large flood in Guanting Gorge, in order to reduce the burden on the downstream river, the discharge time of the water conveyance channel was appropriately adjusted, and the reservoir tried to stagger the peak. (3) Benefit of water supply: By the end of 2000, the reservoir had supplied 39.8 billion cubic meters of water to the downstream, including 8.4 billion cubic meters for agriculture in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, 65.438+0.38 million mu for irrigation, 65.438+0.73 billion cubic meters for industrial water in Beijing, and 2.5 billion cubic meters for urban underground water supply and living environment. It has played an important role in promoting the industrial and agricultural development of the capital and improving the urban environment of the capital. (4) Power generation benefit: The completion of Guanting Reservoir has created conditions for Guanting Gorge cascade power generation. Following the completion of 1956 Guanting Hydropower Station, two cascade hydropower stations, Xiamaling and Xiaweidian, were successively built. By the year 2000, the three power stations had generated a total of 8.2 billion kWh, providing a large amount of electricity for the capital and North China, easing the tension during the peak electricity consumption. (5) Comprehensive management benefits: On the basis of ensuring the safe operation of the reservoir, the reservoir managers make full use of the advantages of water and soil resources to carry out greening and afforestation, planting fruit trees, developing aquaculture, catering services and other projects. In the past 50 years, barren hills 1.58 hectares have been planted and fruits1.2000 kilograms have been produced. Junzao is a new variety introduced and cultivated by forestry technicians. Its fruit is big, thin, fragrant and sweet. A total of 6.5438+0.5 million kilograms of grain and a large number of agricultural and sideline products were harvested, and 6.5438+0.7 million kilograms of fresh fish were caught. We can supply 2000 kilograms of soft-shelled turtle and 20000 kilograms of fruit to the market every year. Flood control standard The original design of Guanting Reservoir was designed according to the once-in-a-thousand-year flood, and checked by the once-in-a-million-year flood. 1976 After the "July 8" flood in Henan Province, the flood control standard for composite reservoirs comes once every 370 years. Therefore, on the basis of the initial reconstruction of spillway crest at 1967, the reinforcement, reconstruction and heightening began after 1975. After 14 years of continuous construction, the flood control standard of the reservoir has changed from the original 3770. At present, the reservoir flood control standards are: once-in-a-thousand-year flood design and possible maximum flood check, which lays a good foundation for improving water supply efficiency in the future. Downstream Protection Objects and Scope The downstream protection objects and scope of Guanting Reservoir mainly include: Beijing, Tianjin, northern Hebei, Jingshan, Jingguang, Beijing-Kowloon and other important railway trunk lines, as well as Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu, Shi Jing and other important expressways. Environment: Guanting Reservoir is located at the junction of Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province and Yanqing County in Beijing. It is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. Commencement in June 195 1, completion in May 1954. The designed total storage capacity is 410.60 billion cubic meters, and the total area of the reservoir basin is 43,400 square kilometers. For more than 40 years, this reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation. The main pollution sources are concentrated in the cities along the upstream storage river. Including Yanqing County, Beijing; Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, 4 districts and 8 counties; Datong City, Shuozhou City, ningwu county City and Shenchi County of Xinzhou City; The population of fengzhen city and Xinghe counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is 6.85 million. The pollution of Guanting Reservoir is caused by 1. The water storage project built in the upstream area intercepted the inflow of water. 2. A large amount of sewage is discharged into the reservoir area. 3. The ecological environment in the upper reaches of the reservoir has deteriorated. Travel tips self-driving route: Go straight from Madian Bridge to Beijing-Tibet Expressway (formerly Badaling Expressway), and then take a section of provincial road to Guantingba. When you return, you can follow the path in Yongding River Canyon from Guantingba to Yanhe City, and then drive from Yanhe City to 109 National Road to return to Beijing. Backpacking route: Take the 7 1 15 train from Beijing South Railway Station to Zhangjiakou at 07:02, and get off at Guanting Station at 1 1. Or take bus No.969 from Beijing Gulou via Badaling, 30 kilometers west, and get off at Guanting Reservoir Dam. Distance: It is located within the boundary between Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing, and it is 0/38km away from Beijing. The best travel time: cycling route in spring, summer and autumn: walking along the grassland, beach, fields and orchards by the lake, with ancient beacon towers and ancient tombs in the wilderness. Guanting Reservoir Guanting Reservoir is the source of Yongding River, most of which is located in Huailai County, Hebei Province, and a small part is located in Yanqing, Beijing. Guanting Reservoir is about the same area as Miyun Reservoir, sandwiched between two mountains, with good water quality and open water surface. There are steep rock banks and delicate beaches on the south bank, and all kinds of fruits with high sugar content have convenient transportation, which is really a good place for Beijingers to spend their holidays around. Comprehensive management of Guanting Reservoir will be carried out in an all-round way. After three years of renovation, the water quality trend of Guanting Reservoir has improved. The comprehensive management of Guanting Reservoir has achieved initial results. The comprehensive management of Guanting Reservoir is an important measure to improve the ecological environment of Guanting Reservoir basin, one of the key tasks of national environmental protection determined by the state, an important part of implementing the sustainable utilization plan of water resources in the capital at the beginning of the 20th century, an important measure to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the capital, and of great significance to the water supply security and ecological environment improvement in the capital. Director Jiao Zhizhong of Beijing Water Affairs Bureau pointed out that it is necessary to understand the significance of Guanting Reservoir water body restoration project from a strategic perspective. We should do this work well with great enthusiasm, great procedures and great efforts. The overall construction idea of Guanting reservoir basin water body restoration project is to technically implement the principle of source control, combine the upper, middle and lower reaches, combine point, line and surface, and combine soft and hard bodies. The comprehensive management project draws lessons from the experience of similar projects at home and abroad, and comprehensively considers a series of problems such as completely cutting off pollution sources, strengthening ecological protection in the upper reaches of Guanting and the reservoir area, vigorously promoting water-saving irrigation, and controlling the collapse and inundation of the reservoir bank. Through the implementation of Sino-German water ecological project, reconstruction of spillway tunnel, reservoir dredging, bank collapse control, ecological environment construction of soil and water conservation in surrounding areas and purification of source water, Guanting Reservoir is comprehensively managed to restore the function of drinking water source of Guanting Reservoir. Beijing and neighboring provinces have reached a consensus to thoroughly rectify 37 industrial pollution sources such as coal, chemicals and electricity in the upper reaches of Guanting Reservoir, and set up 15 urban sewage centralized treatment plants in Datong and Zhangjiakou. Trees and grass should be planted vigorously on sloping farmland, ditches, barren hills and barren slopes in the upper reaches of Guanting. The area of soil erosion control should reach several thousand square kilometers, and the area of water-saving irrigation should be developed to 660,000 mu. Water conservation forest and water-saving agriculture will lay the foundation for soil and water conservation in the upper reaches of Guanting Reservoir. Guanting Reservoir is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. It is located at the entrance of Guanting Gorge of Yongding River, about 80 kilometers northwest of Beijing, and spans Huailai County of Hebei Province and Yanqing County of Beijing. It is a comprehensive reservoir mainly for flood control, water supply, power generation and irrigation. The total storage capacity is 410.6 billion cubic meters, and the basin area is 43,402 square kilometers, accounting for 93% of the Yongding River basin area. It is a large-scale controlled water conservancy project that fundamentally cures the development of Yongding River and its basin. Since the reservoir was put into operation, it has played an important role in flood control, water supply, power supply and irrigation in Beijing, Tianjin and the lower reaches of Yongding River, and made great contributions to the development of the capital and the lower reaches, urban development and economic construction. Guanting Reservoir was once one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. However, with the development of upstream industrial and agricultural production, the pollution of Guanting Reservoir is becoming more and more serious. At the end of 1980s, the water pollution in the reservoir area was serious, and the water quality continued to deteriorate in 1990s, so it was forced to quit the urban drinking water system from 65438 to 0997. Beijing is a megacity with a serious shortage of water resources. Facing the serious shortage of water resources in the capital, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is very prominent. In order to ensure the safety of water supply in Beijing and improve the quality of urban water ecological environment, it is urgent to restore the function of drinking water source of Guanting Reservoir. On May 23rd, 20001,the State Council officially approved the implementation of the Plan for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in the Capital in the Early 20th Century (200 1-2005). This plan is of great strategic significance to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of economy and society in Beijing. The plan puts forward the requirement of "stabilizing Miyun and improving Guanting", and restoring the function of drinking water source of Guanting Reservoir is listed as an important measure to alleviate the shortage of water resources in Beijing. Ensure the safety of water supply in Beijing and ensure the normal function of the capital city. A coordination group for the sustainable utilization of water resources in Capital 2 1 early century was established, which was attended by Ministry of Water Resources, State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, Beijing Municipality, Ministry of Construction, State Environmental Protection Administration, State Forestry Administration, Hebei Province and Shanxi Province. In order to welcome the "Green Olympics" in 2008 and create a good water environment in advance, Beijing's "Green Olympics Action Plan" also lists the comprehensive management of Guanting Reservoir as an important content.