Prevention of infectious diseases on campus in spring

1. Common sense of preventing infectious diseases in spring

Prevention and treatment of common infectious diseases in spring As the spring breeze approaches, all kinds of infectious diseases in spring come uninvited, whether people hate them or not. In order to identify their ugly faces, here are some simple prevention methods: 1. Tuberculosis: mostly respiratory transmission.

The main constituent elements are susceptible to infection, mostly a chronic process. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has low resistance, can survive for 6-8 months in dry sputum, is sensitive to humidity, and can be killed by boiling at 60℃ for half an hour or 5 minutes. It is a disease transmitted by droplets, which decreased obviously in previous years and increased in recent years.

Prevention of tuberculosis is mainly through developing good living habits, not spitting, not close contact with patients, and actively preventing vaccination for a long time. The principle of treatment is: early, combined, regular, adequate and full course.

2. Infectious atypical pneumonia. Infectious atypical pneumonia is a respiratory infectious disease that broke out in early 2003, mainly through close contact.

It is a new infectious disease with strong infectivity, serious illness, rapid progress and great harm. The clinical manifestations are: 1, and the incubation period is usually 1- 10 days, and most patients get sick in 4-5 days.

Acute onset, mostly with fever as the first symptom, the average body temperature >; 38℃, occasionally slightly cold, may be accompanied by headache, muscle aches, fatigue, diarrhea; There are often no symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection; There may be cough, mostly dry phlegm, less phlegm, and occasionally bloodshot phlegm; Chest tightness may occur, and in severe cases, accelerated breathing, shortness of breath and obvious respiratory distress may occur. However, a few patients do not take fever as the first symptom, especially those who have a recent history of surgery or basic diseases.

In the early stage, WBC is normal or decreased, and in the late stage, there may be WBC↑, some platelets ↑ and most liver functions are abnormal. Some patients may have myocardial enzymes and albumin.

A few have hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis. X-ray showed patchy, patchy infiltrative shadows or reticular changes in the lungs to varying degrees. Some patients progress rapidly, showing large flaky shadows, which often change for a long time or bilaterally, and the shadow absorption is not strict.

Lung shadow is inconsistent with symptoms and signs. If the test result is negative, it should be rechecked after 1-2 days.

High-resolution CT (HR-CT) can detect the lesions early. Prevention and treatment, timely disinfection of epidemic spots, and public health education. Because the pathogen of atypical pneumonia is not clear, but it is infectious and pathogenic, the reporting time limit should be compared with Class A infectious diseases to report the epidemic situation. If SARS cases are found, towns should report them to local county-level disease prevention and control institutions within 6 hours, and rural areas should report them within 12 hours.

In the process of treatment, triage categories and corresponding treatment methods are adopted. Third, mumps is mainly caused by mumps virus infection, which is mainly spread by droplets or saliva polluting appliances or toys.

School-age children are vulnerable. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks, which leads to one or both parotid glands enlargement. If there is no diaphragmatic infection, the course of disease can heal itself in 1-2 weeks.

Adolescent infected people can cause complications such as orchitis and oophoritis. Treatment: drink plenty of boiled water, take antiviral drugs, rest, and absolutely isolate patients.

AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The main manifestations are: the patient's serum is HIV positive, accompanied by fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and other self-limiting symptoms (acute stage).

This period lasts about 1-2 weeks, and then enters the asymptomatic incubation period of infection. The content of HIV antigen in blood is very low or undetectable. However, with the extension of infection time, HIV began to replicate in large numbers, which was consistent with the progressive damage of the immune system, and gradually developed into persistent systemic lymphadenopathy, AIDS-related syndrome, and finally AIDS.

Prevention and treatment. AIDS-related behaviors are mainly through 1, homosexual or heterosexual sex; 2. Importing blood and blood products with HIV and using contaminated syringes and needles for intravenous drug users; 3, mother-to-child transmission and other modes of transmission, formulate measures and adopt 1 to let people know about the mode of transmission of AIDS and severely punish its harm, and put an end to drug abuse and sexual promiscuity; 2. Establish a monitoring system for HIV infection; 3. Strengthen border quarantine; 4. Check the HIV antibody of blood donors.

At present, the main treatment methods for HIV are: 1, strengthening the research of HIV vaccine; 2. Strengthen antiviral treatment. Five, intestinal infectious diseases.

It is the most common infectious disease in colleges and universities, mainly manifested as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever and acute diarrhea. Through oral contact, individuals should develop the good habit of washing their hands before and after meals, and schools should also pay attention to good food hygiene.

Treatment mainly includes antibacterial and rehydration therapy. 6. Bird flu.

Avian influenza is a viral infectious disease that occurred in recent two years. According to the expert's opinion, there will be bird flu only if there is an animal epidemic. International experts predict that bird flu may be an epidemic. The current practice is: 1, strengthen supervision, find infectious diseases as soon as possible, and monitor the epidemic situation as soon as possible.

People infected with avian influenza in China are in a situation of high incidence and high mortality. This is a large-scale poultry immunization, which makes the human epidemic situation highly distributed; However, the high mortality rate is about twice as low as that in the early stage of * * *, and the mortality rate decreases with the spread of the epidemic.

2. It is related to the patient's immunity. 3. It is related to whether the patient is treated in time.

At present, the main measures to deal with avian influenza are: 1, strengthening poultry epidemic prevention. 2. Improve the autoimmune resistance.

3. Realize early detection, early diagnosis and early isolation of avian influenza epidemic areas. Be careful of respiratory diseases in early spring. Respiratory diseases are high in winter and spring, and patients in hospitals are overcrowded.

Here are some suggestions on how to prevent respiratory diseases: First, strengthen personal protection. Pay attention to the temperature change and change clothes properly.

People who are old and weak or suffer from systemic diseases such as chronic tracheitis, asthma and diabetes should go to public places where people gather less, get flu shots and wear masks when the weather is cold or foggy. Second, pay attention to ventilation and keep the indoor air fresh.

Offices, homes and public places should be ventilated at any time, especially in schools or hospitals where people with colds are found to prevent large-scale spread. Third, quit smoking.

Quit smoking not only in public places, but also at home, office and school. Because smoking is harmful to personal respiratory tract, it is easy to get flu, and passive smokers suffer more, and the concentration of inhaled smoke is higher than that of smokers.

Especially in.

2. What infectious diseases should be prevented in spring?

The temperature rises gradually in spring, but the weather is changeable, sometimes cold and sometimes warm, which is the high incidence and epidemic season of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza and meningitis, and should be focused on prevention and control.

Influenza is mainly transmitted through respiratory tract, and it is easy to break out in collective units. We should pay attention to keep warm, increase physical exercise, go to public places or cloudy places less during the flu season, and pay attention to opening windows frequently to keep the air circulating.

People with chronic diseases, the elderly and the infirm can use influenza vaccine for immune prevention. The clinical manifestations of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis mainly include high fever, headache, jet vomiting and stiff neck.

Encephalomyelitis is an infectious disease with high incidence and great danger in winter and spring, which seriously harms children's health. The main target of measles is children, and it is easy to break out in kindergartens, primary schools and other collective units.

Indoor air circulation and freshness should be maintained, and outdoor sports should be strengthened; Nursery institutions should strengthen morning check-ups and send patients to hospital for treatment in time; Schools should strengthen the examination of certificate admission and do a good job of replanting in time; For susceptible children over the age of full moon who have not been vaccinated with measles vaccine, live attenuated measles vaccine or measles-rubella-mumps combined vaccine can be used for immune prevention. Chickenpox is the most common acute infectious disease in children.

It is mainly spread by direct contact with varicella herpes liquid and air droplets, and can also be infected by contact with tableware, toys, bedding and towels contaminated by varicella virus. Mumps is mainly transmitted by droplets and contact with patients.

Parotid gland enlargement is often the first symptom of the disease, which lasts for 7- 10 days. Live mumps vaccine is an effective method to control the epidemic of mumps, which will play a good role in protecting children and is the best preventive method. In addition, there are more and more people keeping pets now. Cats and dogs are easy to hurt people in spring, so we should also pay attention to rabies.

In spring, attention should be paid to opening windows and ventilation to keep air circulation and air quality clean; At the same time, pay attention to cold and warmth, and increase physical exercise; The flu season will be reduced to public places or places with turbid air. If you have flu-like symptoms, you should seek medical treatment and rest in time. In addition, the temperature difference changes greatly in spring, and some patients with weak constitution, asthma, chronic bronchitis, coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases should also pay attention to prevent the recurrence of the disease.

3. Prevention knowledge of infectious diseases in spring

In early spring, the climate is warm and cold, which is the season of infectious diseases. Influenza, chickenpox and mumps are all common respiratory infectious diseases in spring, so it is very important to strengthen personal hygiene and protection.

1, scientific dressing: follow the traditional law of "covering in spring and freezing in autumn", don't take off your winter clothes in early spring, especially pay attention to keeping your feet warm, and increase or decrease your clothes according to weather changes and physical condition.

2, often open the window: keep the indoor air fresh, let the indoor air circulate, disperse the virus, so as to reduce the chance of getting sick; Reduce to public places with poor air circulation.

3, wash your hands frequently: respiratory secretions such as nasal mucus and sputum of patients with respiratory infectious diseases contain a large number of pathogens, which may be transmitted to healthy people through hand contact with secretions, so special emphasis is placed on hand hygiene.

4, drink more boiled water: it is conducive to the excretion of toxins in the body and purify the environment in the body.

5. Appropriate exercise: Exercise can increase blood circulation, improve the skin's ability to regulate temperature, maintain the function of the lymphatic system, and thus enhance the body's disease resistance.

6, balanced nutrition: children who are partial to picky eaters are most likely to have decreased immunity. In order to enhance the body's disease resistance, reasonable and balanced nutrition is very important. Parents can consciously increase calcium-rich fish, shrimp and bean products, appropriately increase high-quality protein, pay attention to the intake of vegetables and fruits, properly mix coarse grains and miscellaneous grains, and avoid high-sugar, high-fat and fried foods.

7, to ensure sleep: at night to ensure that children get enough sleep, don't let children too tired, because an unbalanced life will bring an unbalanced immune response. Hope to adopt. Thank you.

4. Prevention knowledge of infectious diseases in spring

In early spring, the climate is warm and cold, which is the season of infectious diseases. Influenza, chickenpox and mumps are all common respiratory infectious diseases in spring, so it is very important to strengthen personal hygiene and protection.

1, scientific dressing: follow the traditional law of "covering in spring and freezing in autumn", don't take off your winter clothes in early spring, especially pay attention to keeping your feet warm, and increase or decrease your clothes according to weather changes and physical condition.

2, often open the window: keep the indoor air fresh, let the indoor air circulate, disperse the virus, so as to reduce the chance of getting sick; Reduce to public places with poor air circulation.

3, wash your hands frequently: respiratory secretions such as nasal mucus and sputum of patients with respiratory infectious diseases contain a large number of pathogens, which may be transmitted to healthy people through hand contact with secretions, so special emphasis is placed on hand hygiene.

4, drink more boiled water: it is conducive to the excretion of toxins in the body and purify the environment in the body.

5. Appropriate exercise: Exercise can increase blood circulation, improve the skin's ability to regulate temperature, maintain the function of the lymphatic system, and thus enhance the body's disease resistance.

6, balanced nutrition: children who are partial to picky eaters are most likely to have decreased immunity. In order to enhance the body's disease resistance, reasonable and balanced nutrition is very important. Parents can consciously increase calcium-rich fish, shrimp and bean products, appropriately increase high-quality protein, pay attention to the intake of vegetables and fruits, properly mix coarse grains and miscellaneous grains, and avoid high-sugar, high-fat and fried foods.

7, to ensure sleep: at night to ensure that children get enough sleep, don't let children too tired, because an unbalanced life will bring an unbalanced immune response. Hope to adopt. Thank you.

5. Common sense of preventing infectious diseases in spring

It is very important that the climate is warm and cold in spring, and the balanced nutrition is the season with frequent infectious diseases. In order to ensure children's adequate sleep at night, you can use your hands to contact secretions to purify the internal environment and appropriately increase the quality of protein. Reasonable: follow the tradition. "

1, high-fat and fried foods, sputum and other respiratory secretions contain a large number of pathogens.

3; Law: Patients with respiratory infectious diseases have a runny nose, dress scientifically, and pay special attention to hand hygiene. According to the weather change and physical condition, it is very important to strengthen personal hygiene and protection, so as to enhance the body's disease resistance, avoid high sugar, spread the virus and reduce the chance of getting sick.

6. Exercise properly, mix coarse grains and miscellaneous grains properly, drink plenty of boiled water, increase or decrease clothes and chickenpox in a timely manner, balance nutrition, prevent children from being overtired, improve the skin's ability to regulate temperature, often open windows and bean products, and pay attention to the intake of vegetables and fruits.

7, to ensure sleep: keep the indoor air fresh: exercise can increase blood circulation and let indoor air circulate.

2。

5, wash your hands frequently, pay special attention to keep your feet warm, don't rush to take off your winter clothes in early spring: it is conducive to the excretion of toxins in the body: picky eaters are most likely to have decreased immunity and maintain the function of the lymphatic system. Parents can consciously increase calcium-rich fish and shrimp; Spring covers and autumn freezes. "

4, mumps, etc. ; Reduce to public places with poor air circulation, because unbalanced life will bring unbalanced immune response, which is a common respiratory infectious disease in spring and will infect healthy people. flu

6. How should schools prevent infectious diseases in autumn and winter?

Prevention knowledge of infectious diseases in schools in autumn and winter.

1, influenza (flu)

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious. The main symptoms are fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, dry cough, pain and discomfort of muscles and joints all over the body. Fever usually lasts for 3-4 days. Patients and recessive infected people are the main sources of infection, and the transmission route is mainly direct transmission of air droplets.

2. Meningitis (epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis)

Meningitis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by meningococcus, which is highly contagious. It is similar to a cold in the early stage of the disease. After bacteria enter the cerebrospinal fluid, serious symptoms such as headache aggravation, drowsiness, neck rigidity, blood ejection vomiting, coma and shock appear. The source of infection is mainly patients or carriers, and the transmission route is mainly direct transmission of air droplets, which is easy to occur in young children.

3, chickenpox

Chickenpox is caused by varicella-zoster virus, and its typical clinical manifestation is moderate to low fever. Soon, red maculopapules appeared in batches and quickly developed into clear oval blisters. After 24 hours, the blister became turbid, then cracked from the center and quickly scabbed. Generally, it can be cured in 7- 10 days. The source of infection is mainly patients, and the transmission route is respiratory droplet infection and contact infection, which is more common in children.

4. Mumps

Mumps is an acute systemic infectious disease caused by mumps virus, which can be cured in about 2 weeks. The typical symptoms are fever, swelling and pain of parotid gland. The source of infection is parotitis patients or recessive infected people. The virus infects healthy people through droplets, which is more common in children and adolescents.

5. Norovirus infection

Norovirus is highly contagious, mainly with nausea and vomiting, some with abdominal pain and diarrhea, and most without fever. Carriers and light sporadic cases are the main sources of infection, which can be spread through polluted water, food, articles and air. School-age children and adults are susceptible, and most patients get better in 1-3 days.

preventive measure

1, reasonable diet, increase nutrition, drink plenty of water, take enough vitamins, avoid overwork, enhance physical fitness and improve immunity.

2, every day should open the window ventilation, keep the indoor air fresh, regular disinfection of indoor air and dining table, avoid * * * sharing cups, tableware, towels, etc. with others.

3, develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands before and after meals, do not drink raw water, do not eat unclean food, do not wipe your hands with dirty towels, drink more water, eat more fruits and vegetables, and increase immunity.

4, the school should strengthen the morning check-up, once found patients with infectious diseases, should immediately report to the disease prevention and control institutions, at the same time, the patients were treated in isolation, cured before returning to school.

5. Isolation of patients should also pay attention to: the residence should be ventilated frequently to maintain indoor air circulation; Stay at home and try not to get too close to your family. Wear a mask when going out in public places. Use independent tableware, stay away from the kitchen and do not process food; Arrange a separate toilet.

6. Actively vaccinate against related infectious diseases.

7. Primary and secondary school students' safety knowledge and how to prevent infectious diseases.

Safety knowledge of preventing infectious diseases among primary and middle school students.

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms, which can spread between people and between animals and people.

I. Ways and means of spreading infectious diseases:

1, spread from respiratory tract through air. Such as influenza, meningitis, measles, whooping cough, rubella and scarlet fever.

2, spread through the digestive tract through food. Such as dysentery, typhoid fever and hepatitis A. ..

3. Infected by insects and animals. Such as mosquitoes that spread Japanese encephalitis; Lice spread spots and typhoid fever; Dogs can spread rabies; Flies spread dysentery, etc.

4. Infection through daily contact. Such as hepatitis A, trachoma, pink eye, chickenpox, etc.

5, spread through blood. Such as blood transfusion, injection infection with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, AIDS and so on.

6. Soil-contaminated by eggs and spores. Become a route of transmission.

Second, the prevention of infectious diseases:

1, control and eliminate the source of infection;

2. cut off the route of transmission;

3. Protect vulnerable groups.

Third, the common preventive measures

① Strengthen physical exercise, ensure rest and improve disease resistance.

② The best prevention is vaccination at an appropriate age, such as measles vaccine, rubella vaccine and mumps vaccine.

③ Patients with infectious diseases should be isolated until they are cured.

(4) During the epidemic of infectious diseases, go to public places (especially hospitals) as little as possible, and go less to reduce the chances of infection and spread.

⑤ Pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene, don't be picky about food, and drink more boiled water.

6. Susceptible people should pay attention to drinking water and food hygiene, and develop the habit of washing hands before and after meals.

⑦ Drug prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment should be done in order to avoid delaying the illness.

Fourth, the correct way to wash your hands:

1. Turn on the tap and let your hands be completely wet above your wrists.

2. Take a proper amount of hand sanitizer or soap.

Rub your hands until they bubble.

4. Rub your palms, back of your hands and fingers, and wash your wrists above.

5. Pay special attention to nail cracks and rough dermatoglyphics.

6. The whole rubbing process needs at least 20 seconds or more.

7. Turn on the faucet again, and let the water wash from the wrist to the fingertips and from top to bottom, so as to prevent the dirty water from polluting your hands again.

8. Rinse the faucet switch with water, and then turn off the faucet.

9. Dry your hands with a clean towel or paper towel. If possible, it can also be dried with an air dryer.

(1) influenza

Influenza is a highly contagious cold disease caused by influenza virus. The incubation period of influenza is 1~3 days, with a minimum of several hours.

There is a difference between flu and common sense. Patients with toxic influenza are characterized by high fever, coma, convulsions and sometimes even death. The common cold is much less contagious than the flu. After catching a cold, getting caught in the rain and being overtired, people are prone to get sick because of decreased resistance.

Preventive measures for influenza include:

① Pay attention to physical exercise, ensure rest and enhance physical fitness. (2) During the influenza epidemic, stop * * *, temporarily stop visiting relatives and friends, do not go to crowded places for activities, and wear masks when going out. Strengthen ventilation in public places and spray bleach for disinfection.

③ Keeping balanced nutrition and avoiding overwork are the basic measures to prevent influenza.

Vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza.

8. Parents and children learn common sense of preventing infectious diseases together.

Tips for preventing infectious diseases in spring

1. Eat a reasonable diet, increase nutrition, drink plenty of water, take enough vitamins, and eat more foods rich in high-quality protein, sugar and trace elements, such as lean meat, eggs, dates, honey, fresh vegetables and fruits; Take an active part in physical exercise, so that the body's qi and blood are smooth, the bones and muscles are stretched, and the physique is enhanced.

2. Don't go to places with dense population, mixed personnel and air pollution such as farmers' markets, individual restaurants and recreation rooms;

3. Always wash your hands thoroughly with running water, including wiping your hands without dirty towels;

4. Open the window for ventilation every day to keep the indoor air fresh, especially in dormitories, computer rooms and classrooms.

5. Arrange work and rest reasonably to make life regular; Be careful not to be overtired to avoid catching a cold and reducing the disease resistance;

6. Do not eat or process unclean food, refuse to eat all kinds of seafood and meat raw, eat fruits with skins, and do not drink raw water. Don't take the garbage out casually, don't pile it up casually, and the garbage should be destroyed in a unified way.

7. Pay attention to personal hygiene and don't spit or sneeze casually;

8. If you have fever or other discomfort, seek medical advice in time; It is best to wear a mask when going to the hospital and wash your hands when you get home to avoid cross infection;

9. Avoid contact with infectious patients and try not to reach epidemic areas of infectious diseases;

10. Disinfect the articles and rooms used by infected patients properly, such as drying clothes and quilts in the sun, and spraying chlorine-containing disinfectant to wipe the door handles, desktops and floors in the room. Although there are many kinds of infectious diseases in spring, as long as we pay attention to prevention, early detection, early isolation, early diagnosis and early treatment, we can effectively block the epidemic and spread of infectious diseases.