The development prospect of remote sensing!

At the technical achievements exhibition of the 2nd1International Conference on Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing held in China recently, the "Image China" demonstration system displayed in the China exhibition area attracted many audiences: standing in front of the "Image China" demonstration system, wearing special glasses, the original overlapping blurred images became clear and stereoscopic. If you use human-computer interaction to operate, you can swim in the image immersive.

According to experts, the reason for this immersive feeling is that the system uses photogrammetry and remote sensing technology to superimpose three-dimensional images made by digital elevation models. By using joystick or touch screen, the audience can not only enjoy the scenery of various places at will, but also query the given location nationwide.

Image-based photogrammetry and remote sensing have opened up a new perspective for human beings to understand the earth, provided new methods and means to understand the world, achieved a historic leap in the surveying and mapping industry, and paved the way for China's information construction.

Rapid development of surveying and mapping technology

All countries in the world attach great importance to the development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology. Up to now, modern surveying and mapping technology represented by photogrammetry and remote sensing has also been widely used in China, which has promoted the pace of informatization development of surveying and mapping industry and established China's status as a big country in the field of photogrammetry and remote sensing.

With the promotion of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology, the development of surveying and mapping in China has entered a new stage of information surveying and mapping system characterized by real-time data collection, automation of data processing, networking of data transmission and socialization of information service. At present, photogrammetry and remote sensing, together with geodesy, satellite positioning, cartography, geographic information system, engineering survey and other disciplines, have formed an overall surveying and mapping discipline and technical system, which has enabled China's surveying and mapping industry to enter the digital photogrammetry era after experiencing analog photogrammetry and analytical photogrammetry.

Especially in 2 1 century, the introduction of digital aerial sensors has made the domestic surveying and mapping industry even more powerful, and the orthophoto map produced by large-scale aerial photogrammetry in cities has developed rapidly. The technology of synthetic aperture radar in China has moved from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, and map products are no longer just composed of lines, but expressed in the form of images and three-dimensional.

Surveying and mapping technology has developed rapidly. The digital aerial camera independently developed in China has not only reached the advanced level in the world, but also been transformed into productivity and applied to topographic map production. According to reports, the resolution of all the images in Wenchuan disaster area obtained by digital aerial camera has reached the high-definition level of 0.2 to 0.3 meters. China's self-developed automatic road survey vehicle is a world-class vehicle-borne mobile survey product, which has been used in basic surveying and mapping, electronic maps, railways, highways, geographic information systems and other fields, and has also been widely used in the construction of Beijing Olympic Games.

Modern advanced surveying and mapping technology has greatly improved work efficiency. For example, in the past, the data collection of geodetic information relied on the feet of surveying and mapping workers to "measure" the land. Now satellites and planes can fly over the whole survey area with cameras or video cameras in the air, and they are not limited by the terrain. In 2007, China successfully launched the Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite. After measuring the height of the lunar surface, the satellite used photogrammetry and remote sensing technology to draw a three-dimensional map of the moon, so that ordinary people could also see the true face of the moon.

In addition, the national basic geographic information database, place name database and land use database with a size of1:50,000 have been established by using photogrammetry and remote sensing technology, and provincial basic geographic information databases with a size of1:000 have been or are being established in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Many large and medium-sized cities have also established large-scale basic geographic information databases, which have become an important foundation for building "digital China", "digital province" and "digital city" and built a solid platform for the information society.

Help industry informatization

China has made remarkable achievements in the peaceful use of geospatial technology, promoted development through application, promoted the wide application of photogrammetry and remote sensing in China, and became a good helper for all walks of life.

In recent years, photogrammetry and remote sensing have been widely used in surveying and mapping, agriculture and forestry, water conservancy, meteorology, resources and environment, urban construction, ocean and disaster prevention and mitigation, and are playing an increasingly important technical support and service role in economic and social development.

At the critical moment of Wenchuan earthquake and the critical stage of post-disaster reconstruction, photogrammetry and remote sensing have become the best ways to quickly obtain the disaster situation. According to the comrades of Sichuan Bureau of Surveying and Mapping who carried out surveying tasks in the disaster area, after the disaster, the air traffic control department "squeezed out" an air route for surveyors who carried out aerial photogrammetry tasks in the disaster area at the critical moment when the air route was regarded as the "lifeline". Because the front-line command and rescue urgently needs the latest image map after the disaster, with the map, just like with the "clairvoyance", disaster relief and rescue can be more accurately located.

The statistical results also prove that post-disaster image maps and geographic information data are indispensable in earthquake relief. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the surveying and mapping system provided a large number of surveying and mapping support services for more than 100 departments and units, providing a total of 53,000 maps of the disaster area, of which 3 1 10,000 were newly processed; Remote sensing images and other basic geographic information data are about 12000GB, which meets the urgent needs of relevant departments and units for maps and geographic information in earthquake relief. Timely provide nearly 1200 control point data for airborne airdrops, and read more than 3000 coordinate data, which greatly improves the accuracy of airborne airdrops.

Satellite remote sensing system is widely used in all aspects of industrial and agricultural production and social life. According to reports, Shandong Provincial Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping has effectively monitored all the map information of open pit and well mining in the province with the help of satellite data, which has solved the problem that it was difficult to achieve "comprehensive coverage and accurate discovery" in the past ground inspection. Experts believe that its technical achievements have filled the domestic gap in the field of mine dynamic monitoring, and the overall level has reached the international advanced level. Statistics show that during the pilot period in Cangshan, Shandong Province, the land department investigated and dealt with more than 40 illegal mines, 7 cross-border mines, and backfilled more than 20 unlicensed mines through satellite image data inspection and daily inspections, and achieved good law enforcement and supervision effects on mineral resources.

Photogrammetry and remote sensing provided many services for Beijing Olympic Games. Develop emergency service system to provide technical support for emergency information management of Olympic venues. An integrated management system of GPS satellite positioning, monitoring and dispatching for Beijing Olympic service vehicles has been built in the Olympic Traffic Operation Center.

The comprehensive level needs to be improved.

With China's photogrammetry entering the full digital stage and remote sensing entering the high-resolution and three-dimensional observation stage, the breadth and depth of application of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology will be expanded day by day.

Xu Guanhua, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and an expert in remote sensing application, said with deep feelings: "Without modern photogrammetry and remote sensing, we would not have such a sense of urgency and awareness of the problems of resources, environment, global change and sustainable development that mankind is currently facing. Without modern photogrammetry and remote sensing, it is impossible for us to respond quickly to major natural disasters, resources and environment. " It can be said that photogrammetry and remote sensing, as an important observation technology and utilization means, have been deeply rooted in people's hearts.

Although China has made great achievements in remote sensing technology, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries. Xu Guanhua pointed out that efforts must also be made to improve the comprehensive level of remote sensing technology in China.

First, strengthen the overall planning and design of Earth observation satellites. "It is necessary to fully consider the spectral resolution and spatial resolution of the Earth observation satellite and its business lane change." On this basis, make the best plan and arrange the order, so as to integrate the limited resources, obtain the maximum results and the best results, and meet the needs of all parties.

Second, strengthen coordination among various departments. "More attention should be paid to data sharing, which is the key to the effective use of satellite remote sensing data. If this problem cannot be solved, it will inevitably lead to a lot of waste of resources and manpower. "

Third, strengthen the development of sensors. There is a big gap between China and developed countries in this respect. "It is necessary to strengthen the research of sensors, enhance their working ability, extend their working life, and strive to greatly improve the development level of sensors in China in a short time." In addition, there is a lot of work to be done in data processing ability and analysis ability. If these works are done well, the potential of satellite remote sensing in China will be brought into greater play.

Industry insiders predict that in the next 10 year, remote sensing technology will enter a new stage, which can provide various earth observation data quickly and timely. With the development of space technology, especially the development and mutual penetration of geographic information system and global positioning system technology, its application field will be more extensive.