I want to be a media person. What do I need to prepare?

Journalists and editors need to keep news sensitivity at all times, whether on duty or off duty. After all, more news happens in life outside the office. Maybe a new discovery when you are shopping with a couple will bring you a wonderful topic.

Keywords: think about it at any time-what can it do?

Pie is for those who work hard.

Westerners say that "God helps those who help themselves", China says that "many good things are tempered", and the French say that "as long as you run, you will get something".

Running often has two meanings: one is to run purposefully between scenes after receiving the topic; Second, when there is no clear topic, "sweep the street" in the news-prone area to find news.

According to the practice of many social journalists, please believe that such a good thing will happen as long as you arrive at the scene and are willing to think about the topic.

Don't let go of every detail.

In a sense, journalists should have the observation power of Sherlock Holmes. There are often many key details in the news scene that can reflect the essence of news. If we find it and dig it, we can sort out the ins and outs of the incident.

For example, last winter, a woman fell into the Wanquan River in Haidian, and passers-by rushed into the river to save her. After the reporter rushed to the scene, he found that one of them was wearing military pants and hospital gown, which was very special. After an interview, he was found to be a soldier, treating diseases in the nearby 309 hospital. He found it when he came out for a walk and jumped into the glacier at the risk of aggravating his illness. The addition of this detail adds a layer of humanity to an ordinary emergency.

4. Learn to reverse analyze phenomena.

Many phenomena, from the front, are inconspicuous, but on the other hand, tracing back to the source, we can find important topics.

For example, the demolition in Haidian area began years ago, which is the normal news of municipal reconstruction. However, after an in-depth interview, the reporter found that after the demolition, this land is likely to be sold to IKEA, and this matter is big. Ikea's move from Madian to Zhongguancun will affect the change of the commercial pattern in the north of the city and change the situation that Zhongguancun has no living and consumption area.

5. Make more friends and develop informants.

There are many friends and many ways. Making friends in a responsible mouth, community or field will bring you inexhaustible sources of news.

Informant is a secondary vocational school developed in recent years. Most of them come from photographers and like to shoot social news. In particular, hotline mobile reporters should develop more informants to make themselves more alert.

Journalists should pay attention to the development of what they call "two lines of government and people". After all, it is not convenient for officials to express their views directly on some topics. At this time, the speeches of industry experts and researchers are particularly important.

6. Expand your knowledge and be diligent in thinking

Journalists and editors are omniscient, and they can't eat without narrow knowledge. Usually, we diligently enrich our knowledge and cultivate a sense of social responsibility. Once news clues come to us, we can accurately judge their value and use them correctly.

7. Try to find the second landing site

As a reporter, you should get into the habit of reading newspapers, watching TV and surfing the Internet every day. Not just knowing what your competitors have done. How? I am also looking for news clues for myself. After all-Internet, newspapers and television are important ways for journalists and editors to find news clues.

Don't give up just because someone has already reported it. Because many seemingly unremarkable news are probably the treasures of the other editor's misoperation, through your analysis and judgment, you may find a wonderful second place.

8. Don't report it easily.

In the process of newspaper editing and publishing, editors and journalists often encounter some deja vu topics. Don't rush to say "already reported". But it should be carefully interpreted. Is this topic old news? Or is there the latest development on the basis of old events? It can also be a complete subversion of previous events. In the process of interpretation, it is likely that a big news will be born.

9, the end of a dynamic event

We often ignore a news resource around us-what happened to the news figures or events that we reported. It is very likely that a routine report you made before has now developed into a big event. Therefore, whether editing or continuing, we should always look back to see if those seemingly old topics can produce new themes today on the premise of retaining the reporting materials.

10, avoid getting together and stringing questions with each other.

At the press conference venue, or at the scene of emergencies, you often meet colleagues from foreign newspapers. Everyone may be a former colleague or buddy; Interviewing together can really put pressure on the parties who don't want to disclose the information. But at this time, you should pay attention. Don't just focus on the excitement between brothers. You may be surprised when everyone's manuscript is read in the newspaper the next day.

Because people are probably far better at digging the details of the scene and thinking about the depth of the event than you, and everyone you write has it. Don't cross-ask each other questions, familiar buddies also have competition at this time. Use your head and design a better exclusive problem than them. This is what everyone should pay attention to when interviewing in a group.

Second, the "Eight Essentials" and "Eight Don 'ts" interviewed by reporters

(A) "eight elements"

1, interview should use "eyes, ears, hands and mouth"

Interview with your heart, not just asking with your mouth and listening with your ears. The eye's grasp of details is the source of news verbs. Using the digital camera and recording pen in your hand should be able to provide better help for "seeing and listening". Only "eyes, ears, hands and mouth" can improve the efficiency of interview.

2. The recording pen and the interview should be used together.

Don't rely too much on the tape recorder/pen. You should know that you may have more time to come back and sort out the recorded materials than the interview itself. Recording equipment should be used together with the interview record book. The recording equipment records keywords, data and opinions, and the interview book records the expression logic and expression of the interviewee. At the same time, in the interview book, the time and position of the key paragraphs of the interviewee on the voice recorder should also be recorded.

3. Ask closed questions when asking questions

There must be a question outline before the interview. The success of the interview depends on whether the preparation before the interview is sufficient. Asking more closed questions can maximize interview efficiency and save interview time. Before the interview, the reporter must know fairly well, put the most important questions at the forefront, and strive to shorten the interview time to the maximum extent. Avoid "endless chatting" with the interviewee.

4. If you want to ask questions vividly.

The trick to make the article lively is to ask the interviewee more questions like "For example ……"; "Can you give an example? ……"; "Is that so ..."; Lead the direction of the other person's answer to the field that you are relatively familiar with, and at the same time, you can use your time more effectively.

5. The previous answer should be used again.

Learn to break down complex questions into simple ones, and don't expect the interviewee to fully understand your questions. Master the skills of rolling interview. The first interviewer should talk about your questions to the next interviewer. Rolling interviews will make you a respected interviewer.

6. Have a list of operators at hand.

The basic skill of a reporter is to find someone. Journalists must have a list of experts or insiders, so as to ensure that they can find the best interview candidates in the shortest time.

7. Write in-depth reports frequently.

Do more in-depth reports, and each report will make you take a step forward to the expert reporter.

8. Criticism and reporting should be fair.

Interviews, especially critical reports and controversial reports, must interview both sides and be reflected in the text in order to adhere to the principle of objectivity and fairness.

(2) don't.

1, don't rely entirely on the phone for the interview.

At present, telephone interview is widely used, but it is also fatal. Telephone interview can not achieve visual participation, nor can it determine the exact identity of the interviewee. Therefore, it must be used with caution. Callback is a method to determine the identity of the interviewee; Asking respondents to describe the details of the scene by phone is a way to get a sense of presence.

I still remember the motto of beiqing daily, "where there is news, there is us"; Don't become "where there is news, there is our phone".

2. Don't speculate on exclusive questions.

In a press conference or a place where journalists gather, if the industry and news sources have a good relationship, you can put the question of exclusive perspective after the meeting and ask questions separately under the stage; Otherwise, you can only "share" your wisdom with many colleagues.

Of course, if asking questions in public at the meeting is your only choice, you should raise your hand bravely.

3, don't take "can't find people" as a reason.

In any interview, especially a wonderful topic, the interviewee will not be interviewed easily, which requires reporters to display various skills, or soften the bubble or detour attacks, and must do their best to dig out the parties related to the core elements of the incident. "If you can't find someone, people won't disclose it" can never be the reason to prevaricate the editor.

4. Don't pretend in front of experts.

Don't pretend to be an expert in front of an expert. Modesty is the only way to win the respect of experts.

5. Don't plagiarize the manuscript directly on the Internet.

The competent news department of China clearly stipulates that online content shall not be released directly. The Internet is a good source of news and clues for us, but there is really a lot to verify. Copying directly from the internet is not only suspected of being lazy, but also easy to cause inaccurate reports, so this part of the content should be verified before being converted into its own manuscript.

6. Don't leave early for important meetings.

Journalists are not allowed to be late and leave early to attend formal meetings held by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee and various competent departments, so as not to affect the image of this newspaper.

7. Don't neglect interview safety.

Personal safety, equipment safety and topic selection safety are what journalists must pay attention to in a sinister interview environment.

Personal safety is the foundation of everything. We support journalists to stand up in times of danger, but if it is at the expense of personal safety, the newspaper will not support it. At the same time, journalists should pay attention to learning and exercising the knowledge and skills of self-protection and survival in an emergency and in a dangerous environment.

The interview equipment is not only the assets of individuals or newspapers, but also the tools for keeping the interview certificate, which is more related to the honor of journalists. Journalists should take good care of equipment at ordinary times. If the parties want to rob the equipment during the interview, the reporter should try his best to protect it.

In reality, a good topic may not be reported smoothly, and economic, political and human factors may interfere. Therefore, reporters should pay attention to protecting the topic from the interview stage, don't disclose the content of the topic like irrelevant people, and explain the direction of the topic to the interviewee wisely.

8. Don't leave the certificate blindly.

Obtaining evidence is what journalists must do when reporting and writing disputes. But what kind of evidence to take is very particular. In short, leave valid evidence. Once the parties are dissatisfied with the report, effective evidence becomes the key to litigation.

Effective evidence includes audio and video interviews with key figures, pictures of key scenes, and interview records of the competent department responsible for investigating the incident.

Third, writing the manuscript "eighteen points for attention"

1, determine the title before writing the text.

News headlines are the embodiment of a reporter's highest writing level, and headlines are advertisements of articles, which make the articles arouse readers' desire to read.

Enhance the logic of the article. The reporter pays attention to "where to fight" and tries to avoid the article "where to fight"; People don't know what to say after reading it. When submitting a manuscript, you must have a triple title, and use the title instead of the article. Journalists should strengthen their ability to make headlines.

2. The message uses a fixed structure.

Structure: title+introduction+first news fact+background supplement+second news fact+event follow-up fact.

The introduction should extract the most effective details to impress readers to look down; Time, place, people and other news elements (5w) should be written in full. News should be dynamic in details, concise in facts and comprehensive in information. When necessary, related events can be linked separately after the text.

Don't spend time on the spindle, "explain" it like a running account.

3. Use more verbs than description

Use more verbs than adjectives when writing. In the article, we should use more verb-object phrases and less radical phrases. Use more imperative sentences and less narrative sentences to make the article vivid. Words such as "because", "moreover" and "although" should also be used less, so as not to affect the compactness and rhythm of the manuscript.

4. Don't break more than three sentences.

Each paragraph does not exceed 150 words, with two or three periods. Free readers from reading. If the length exceeds 1000 words, there should be a subtitle every 300 to 400 words.

5. Strictly control the space and give up.

The French Evening News is a small newspaper with four pages. When there are no advertisements, the full-page articles are less than 4,000 words, and the number of articles published per page is about 8 ~ 10. In addition, the upper limit of each message is locked at 400 words.

Information filtering is very important for messages, and the key to filtering is to make a good title before writing, which is the best measure to filter information. Never thought about where to write, and finally brought the editor and readers to D.

6. details win, but don't indulge

News wins with wonderful details, but it does not pursue the expansion of details. It is good to enhance the information content of news, but we must be conscious and not simply pile up scenes and details.

7. talk with things and talk less.

As a media, journalists only have the obligation to "carry" the relevant scenes and elements of news to readers' taste, but have no right to comment casually. But "handling" those scenes and the language of the parties requires the heart of the reporter.

8. Don't forget to respect human rights

When writing a judicial report, the names of the parties in the text, such as criminal suspects, must be determined according to the progress of legal disposal; Don't confuse the crimes or illegal acts with appellations, such as "liar king", "rapist Li", "prostitute Cen", "Miss Zhao" and "unlicensed hawker Zhang".

In regular reports, we should pay attention to the address of foreigners who come to Beijing, and do not have regional discrimination, even if it is implicit, such as "Zhang Moumou is from Henan" and "Chen Mou is from Shaanxi".

Reports involving minors should adopt pseudonyms, and their portraits should be protected from being published in front by technical means.

9. The source of news should be written accurately.

The principle of authenticity is the first essence of news. Which person or unit is selected, the source must be clear, and the full name must be written; Who said what, must be directly quoted, leaving enough evidence. This is also an important means to prevent future disputes/conflicts. Of course, in some interviews, if the reporter is unwilling to expose it, or if the parties are underage, it can be considered separately.

10, make good use of direct speech and indirect speech.

Whether to use direct quotation is not only related to the accuracy of the message content, but also related to whether it will cause litigation in the future.

We encourage you to use more direct quotations, short, precise and accurate direct quotations. This requires reporters to accurately record in the interview and keep sufficient and effective documents. Otherwise, on the one hand, the interviewee can say that he didn't say it, on the other hand, you can say that you misinterpreted it.

Don't directly quote the meaning that the interviewee didn't express for convenience. Indirect speech should also be accurate.

1 1, the signature of the article should be standardized.

Press release, the front of the text is "this newspaper (reporter XXX)"; Hotline manuscript, the front of the text is "this newspaper report"; Newsletters, feature articles and summary articles are all attached with "Text/Reporter XXX".

In order to encourage journalists to collect their own manuscripts, joint names with correspondents are not encouraged; Anyone who uses more than 80% of the correspondent's manuscript may not sign the reporter's name again; If the correspondent's manuscript is partially adopted, the name of the correspondent shall be placed before the reporter; Co-signed manuscripts only record half the workload.

12, the manuscript is well-known.

The news version of the manuscript is divided into: news, newsletter, feature, abstract and speech.

13, notes for more technical terms.

In many fields, especially in highly specialized fields, such as finance, science and technology, communication, law, medicine and so on. Journalists often need to quote technical terms when writing such manuscripts, which requires frequent labeling. After all, readers are different from journalists who are familiar with business, but a common technical term in the industry is likely to become an obstacle for readers to read, such as "high opening and low walking", "3g mobile phone", "isdn", "solid fuel" and "evidence inversion".

14, the numbers must be accurate and cannot be used together.

The figures used in the manuscript should be accurate and cross-checked with the original data. For the parallel contents listed in numerical order in the article, count them again at last, so as to avoid the situation of "eight aspects in front and only seven in the back".

For achievement reports, especially statistical reports, reporters often use a series of figures to outline and describe them, which will make readers feel boring. So it's best to use metaphors. If you must use numbers, you can't use three in a row.

15, more full names, less abbreviations.

According to the principle of news accuracy, the government departments and companies that appear first in the manuscript, as well as the titles and names of the parties, should use the full names. Then it appeared again, and you can use abbreviations.

Don't use nicknames like "Wang Team". Although it can show that journalists have a good professional relationship, readers may not know who you are talking about.

16. Use "de, de and de" accurately.

The mixing of "De, De and De" in manuscripts often increases the workload of proofreading proofs. We should strictly follow the norms in the dictionary, distinguish the different use environments between them and use them accurately.

De: Used after an attribute or a predicate verb.

It means that the word or phrase before it is an adverbial.

D: Used after verbs to indicate possibility.

17, punctuation should be clear.

Punctuation is a tool to help editors and readers read articles smoothly. When writing a manuscript, journalists must faithfully follow grammatical rules and use various punctuation marks; It is forbidden to "tease the whole paragraph to the end". In the choice of computer text format, we should also determine the full-angle mode of Chinese punctuation to avoid difficulties in typesetting and imposition.

18, several taboos should be avoided in writing

For example, "reporters see, hear and rush to the scene", which highlights the behavior of journalists in interviews, sometimes makes readers feel artificial; Can be practical and directly describe the scene.