Revealing the Behind-the-scenes of China's First Atomic Bomb Test

Secret: Behind China's First Atomic Bomb Test

June 65438+10/October 65438+June 2008 is the 44th anniversary of the successful explosion of China's first atomic bomb. China National History Society, Two Bombs and One Satellite History Research Society, China Nuclear Society and China Aerospace Society jointly held a get-together at the China Millennium Monument. The heroes who developed two bombs and one satellite were invited together, and some actors who participated in the large-scale song and dance performance of "Dongfanghong" in the Great Hall of the People when Premier Zhou announced the success of China's atomic bombing.

In the songs of famous singers such as Wang Kun and Li Guangxi, people once again recall many past events before and after China's first nuclear test.

196410/6 Shortly after the first atomic bomb exploded in China, Premier Zhou Enlai announced this exciting news to the cast members who participated in the performance of the large-scale music and dance epic Dongfanghong in the Great Hall of the People. Suddenly, the Great Hall of the People was boiling. Forty-four years ago, although scientists witnessed this historical event that shocked the world, they failed to get together to celebrate. This gathering 44 years later made up for this deficiency. I was lucky enough to attend the party.

2012165438+124 October After the mid-1980s, I met some founders of Nepal Photography Group to report their deeds. 1985 one day, I was interviewed by the state science and technology commission, and a person in charge told me that when Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist, visited, he told the person in charge of China that Deng Jiaxian had made great contributions to the development of strategic nuclear weapons in China, but the students in the physics department of Peking University didn't know who he was! Yang Zhenning said that China's publicity for scientists is too insufficient. The conversation with the person in charge touched me a lot, and the reporter's sense of mission prompted me to do it. So, with great difficulty, I found the Ministry of Nuclear Industry where Deng Jiaxian worked. In this way, I went to Deng Jiaxian for an interview for half a month as the president of the Ninth Hospital.

Before leaving, under the warm arrangement of Li, director of the General Office of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, Zhu Guangya, director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, met with me. Zhu Guangya said: According to the principle that mountains, places and caves are scattered, nine research institutes are scattered in the depths of mountains. China's atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb were developed there. You can look around there. After that, I set out overnight and interviewed many comrades in Deng Jiaxian in inaccessible places. At that time, Deng Jiaxian was hospitalized in Beijing 30 1 Hospital for cancer. I visited various research institutes in China to study strategic nuclear weapons. After the interview, I wrote a long article "Two Bombs of Deng Jiaxian" and spent the night in a white mansion surrounded by Qi. After being broadcast by Xinhua News Agency at home and abroad, it was widely adopted. In the editor's note published in the newsletter, Deng Jiaxian is called the father of China's atomic bomb.

When Deng Jiaxian's name and his touching deeds spread all over the Great Wall and the whole country, I interviewed and reported several founding fathers. From then on, I became good friends with this forbidden area.

China's nuclear industry started from a blank. After the first discovery of uranium resources after the founding of New China, Liu Jie, then deputy director of the Third Geological Work Office of the State Council and vice minister of the Ministry of Geology, made a report to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. Mao Zedong inquired about the expedition in detail. After seeing the uranium ore samples, he said excitedly: We are rich in mineral resources, and our country should also develop atomic energy.

195565438+ 10 15, Mao Zedong hosted an enlarged meeting of the Central Secretariat of China * * * in Zhongnanhai to listen to reports from Li Siguang, Liu Jie and Qian Sanqiang and study the development of China's atomic energy industry. After listening to the report, Mao Zedong said happily: Our country now knows that there are uranium mines, and further exploration will definitely find more uranium mines. Since liberation, we have trained some people and have a certain scientific research foundation. As long as we have human and material resources, any miracle can be created. This meeting marks the beginning of China's nuclear industry. In March of the same year, Mao Zedong was in country C.

At the beginning of 1960, at the request of the central authorities, our department dispatched senior and middle-level scientific research and engineering technicians from China Academy of Sciences and all parts of the country, and at the same time dispatched a number of senior researchers such as Wang and Peng Huanwu to work in Beijing Institute of Nuclear Weapons. Together with Zhu Guangya, Deng Jiaxian and others, these scientists and engineers participated in the research and development of nuclear weapons in advance, and basically formed the backbone of nuclear weapons research and development in China. The CPC Central Committee in China has set up a committee for this purpose. Jill formally wrote a report to the Central Committee of China, proposing to build China's first atomic bomb in 1964 and at the latest in the first half of 1965.

1in August, 963, when Liu Jie, the former minister of the Second Machinery Department, inspected the base, he decided to take the date when the Soviet Union refused to provide the teaching model and drawings of the atomic bomb as the code name of China's first atomic bomb, namely Project 596, so as to encourage all scientific researchers to overcome all difficulties and successfully develop the atomic bomb.

One of the key technologies of 596 at that time was to verify the theoretical design and the results of a series of experiments. 1963165438+1October 20th, a scaled polymerization detonation test was conducted at the base, which fully verified the theoretical design and the results of a series of tests, and laid a reliable foundation for the design of atomic bombs. On the basis of the smooth progress of various research experiments, a full-scale detonation simulation experiment of an atomic bomb was carried out on June 6, 1964. This is the first comprehensive inspection before the nuclear explosion. The experimental results have reached the pre-assumption. At this point, the development of China's first atomic bomb began at the beginning of 1960, which lasted for four and a half years. After a lot of small experiments and several big experiments, success is in sight.

On the afternoon of April 1964, Premier Zhou presided over the eighth meeting of the Central Special Committee and decided to test the first atomic bomb device by bombing the tower. It is required to make all preparations before September 10 to ensure completeness, measurement, safety and success at one time.

At this gathering 44 years later, Li, former director of the Office of the First Nuclear Test Committee and former commander of the Second Artillery Corps, and Li, former director of the General Office of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, recalled the secret language program set before the explosion of the first atomic bomb. Liu Jie, the former Minister of Nuclear Industry, is 93 years old, but his voice is still loud when he recalls that history.

The host told a story on the stage:

1962, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Beidaihe. One day, while taking a walk, Chen Yi, then Foreign Minister, asked Liu Jie: Liu Jie, when will you deliver the goods?

We're trying. Liu Jie replied.

Well, hurry up, my hair turned white when I waited for that thing. My waist became stiff when you took that thing out! Chen Yi said.

Comrade Liu Jie, is that right? The host asked.

Liu Jie sitting in the audience loudly replied: Yes!

Li and Li recalled that a secret language project had been established before the first atomic bomb exploded in China. They said that before this, Premier Zhou proposed to make up some secret words, so as not to tell us directly what the atomic bomb looked like, so as not to leak it. So we discussed it and decided to call the atomic bomb Miss Qiu and the tower where the atomic bomb was put called the dresser. Usually, if you call yourself at work or report to Beijing headquarters by phone, you will say: Miss Qiu is knitting her hair. When she went to the dressing table before the explosion, strict secrecy ensured the smooth progress of the experiment.

They also recalled one thing: Before the first atomic bomb exploded, Premier Zhou told everyone at a meeting that Deng was an old comrade and a member of the Central Committee, and he would not tell her about the atomic bomb.

At the end of the meeting, Premier Zhou told everyone: Before you leave, take out all the money in your pockets.

Before the test, all communications were kept strictly confidential.

When the smoke cloud after the first atomic bomb exploded to an altitude of 9000m, Zhang Aiping R.

Zhang Aiping turned to ask the scientists present, but no one answered. It was not until the chemical engineer arrived at the scene that the experimental project was destroyed and the sheep and pigs were burnt into coke that the explosion was truly successful.

Because before that, no one had seen what an atomic bomb looked like. What happened after Americans dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was only seen in newspapers, so it is difficult to determine.

They also recalled that China's first nuclear test was finally announced by the Americans. After analysis, Americans believe that the nuclear material used in China's first nuclear test is not plutonium -239, but uranium -235. The production process of this material is very complicated and the process requirements are very high. In this regard, Americans cannot but be surprised. This shows that China has the technical conditions to produce U-235, and the degree of industrialization of this nuclear material is very high.

On the day of the first atomic bomb test, the Great Hall of the People was brightly lit, and a large-scale music and dance epic The New York Times was being staged. Someone was sitting next to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, listening to Mao Zedong whisper to Premier Zhou in Hunan dialect: Why didn't you tell everyone about that exciting event?

It will be announced later, or 3000 people will jump up and the Great Hall will collapse! Premier Zhou said.

Tell us anything exciting.

Soon, Premier Zhou stood up and announced that China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully!

After Premier Zhou announced the good news, the Great Hall of the People was boiling. People cheered, hugged and cried, but no one dared to jump.

That night, relevant scientists collectively signed, announcing the success of China's first atomic bomb test. The new of courting Wei Long excite that whole of China and shocked the whole world.

A glorious page in the history of New China. Although it has been 44 years since China successfully tested the first atomic bomb, people who participated in the test are still excited. Someone sent a sentence:

I often look back at overseas coldly and see that our navy suffered heavy losses in the Sino-Japanese War in the late Qing Dynasty. Mourning the soldiers of the Republic of China, the setting sun lifts the wound. Once upon a time, there was nothing but the heroism of Kunlun Mountain in the Yellow River. Some people suspect that Confucius' poems are singing softly. Once upon a time, the liver man was brave and courageous, and the silver sword and golden knife distinguished life from death. 15 years later, Ye Jia always wanted to roll in the sand sea. In an instant, he buried a hundred years of humiliation and a thousand years of fear.