Yuan Longping's outstanding deeds

1964, Yuan Longping began to study hybrid rice. 1966, IRRI Philippine International Rice Research Institute bred miracle rice (IR8). Nanyou 2, the first strong hybrid rice combination bred from 1974, successfully developed hybrid rice seed production technology on 1975, which laid the foundation for large-scale popularization of hybrid rice. 1985 put forward the strategic idea of hybrid rice breeding, and pointed out the direction for the further development of hybrid rice.

1986, Yuan Longping put forward the hybrid rice breeding strategy, which divided the hybrid rice breeding method into three strategic development stages: three-line method, two-line method and one-line method, that is, the breeding program developed from complex to simple and efficient; Judging from the utilization level of heterosis, it can be divided into three strategic development stages: the utilization of heterosis among varieties, the utilization of heterosis among subspecies and the utilization of distant heterosis, that is, the utilization of heterosis is developing in an increasingly strong direction.

According to this idea, every time hybrid rice enters a new stage, it is a new breakthrough, which will promote rice production in by going up one flight of stairs. This strategic concept points out the direction for China to explore new hybrid rice after the successful research and development of three-line hybrid rice.

1On July 6th, 987, Yuan Longping students Li Bihu and Deng Huafeng discovered a photosensitive sterile rice in the three-line indica rice breeding materials of Anjiang Agricultural School. After two years and three generations of propagation and observation in different places, the agronomic characters of this material are neat and consistent, the sterile plant rate and sterility degree reach 100%, and the fertility transformation is obvious and synchronous.

This new achievement has opened up a new situation for the transition of hybrid rice from "three-line method" to "two-line method" In the same year, he put forward the "development strategy of hybrid rice", that is, using heterosis among plants on the basis of three-line method; Utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies based on two-line method: utilization of distant heterosis based on one-line method.

From 65438 to 0987, the national "863" plan took the research of two-line hybrid rice as a special topic, and Yuan Longping established a two-line hybrid rice research cooperation group to carry out nationwide collaborative research. After 9 years' hard research, the 1995 two-line hybrid rice was successful, which increased the yield by 5% ~ 10% compared with the three-line hybrid rice at the same maturity stage, and the rice quality was generally good. In recent years, the planting area is about 6000 mu.

Two-line hybrid rice is original in China, and its success is a major breakthrough in crop breeding, which once again embodies the wisdom of China hybrid rice scientists headed by Yuan Longping and continues to keep the research level of hybrid rice in China at the world leading level.

1997, he put forward the morphological model and breeding technical route of super-high yield hybrid rice with the goal of improving photosynthesis efficiency, and began the research of "China super hybrid rice". This is a world-class problem. Through tackling key problems, the first large-scale demonstration in 2000 achieved the goal of 700 kilograms per mu, which was about 50 kilograms higher than the existing high-yield hybrid rice. Especially in Yongsheng, Yunnan Province, the yield per mu in 1999 was as high as 1 137.5 kg, and the first extension area of super hybrid rice was 30 million mu.

Since 200 1, Yuan Longping has guided the breeding of the second generation super hybrid rice with an yield of 800 kg per mu and excellent rice quality, and achieved the goal of the second generation super rice one year ahead of schedule in 2004. In 2006, the second generation super hybrid rice was popularized, and the planting area of 20 1 1 reached 8 million mu, which was more than 50 kg/mu higher than the large-scale production of the first generation super rice.

Not satisfied, Yuan Longping further put forward the goal of combining conventional breeding with biotechnology, and tackled key problems in the third phase of large-scale demonstration of super hybrid rice with a yield of 900 kg per mu. Through hard work, the demonstration of 20 1 1 and 20 12 super hybrid rice in the third phase reached 926.6 kg and 9 17.7 kg respectively, marking the third super hybrid rice in China. In 20 13, the fourth phase of the target study of super hybrid rice yield per mu 1000 kg was started.

20 13 On September 29th, the fourth demonstration film "Y Liangyou 900" of super rice reached an average yield of 988. 1 kg in Niuxing Village, Yanggu 'ao Township, Longhui County, Hunan Province, setting a world record. In 2006, Yuan Longping put forward the high-yield project of "planting three crops and producing four crops", that is, using the technical achievements of super hybrid rice, striving to produce four acres of grain from three acres of land. In 2007, it was first implemented in 20 counties in Hunan, and achieved very good results.

It is planned to spread 60 million mu of grain across the country and produce 80 million mu of grain, which is equivalent to increasing 20 million mu of grain arable land and can feed more than 30 million people. By 20 12, the high-yield project of "planting three crops and producing four crops" has been extended to 50 counties and cities, covering an area of 8.822 million mu, increasing rice production by 962 million kilograms. By the end of 20 12, the accumulated demonstration and promotion area was more than 20 million mu, with an increase of more than 2 billion kilograms, which made new contributions to the sustained and stable increase of grain production.

On September 29th, 20 13, it was confirmed by the National Hybrid Rice Engineering and Technology Research Center that the average yield of rice in the fourth national demonstration film "Y Liangyou 900", which was tackled by the scientific research team of Academician Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, reached 988.6438+0kg, setting a world record. ?

201165438+1October 19 Yuan Longping, academician of China Academy of Engineering, Luo, academician of China Academy of Engineering, and related technical experts and experts in yield measurement and acceptance came to Xingning to conduct yield measurement and acceptance of key projects of the green and high-efficiency model with a yield of 3,000 kg per mu of double-cropping rice in South China. The average yield per mu of late rice measured in the field is 705.68 kg (dry valley). Similarly, under this model, the average yield per mu of early rice was 832. 1 kg+0,537.78 kg, and the yield per mu of double-season super rice was 1537.78 kg, which set a world record for double-season rice.

2065438+On May 22, 2008, the demonstration field of organic film mulching direct seeding experiment in Sanya Rice National Park passed the acceptance test, and the yield per mu was 1065.3 kg, setting a record for rice yield per unit area in Hainan Province.

Extended data:

At the critical moment of human development, a "Shennong" held out the magic weapon to save the world hunger-hybrid rice, and created a "green myth" that swept the world. This miracle, named "Oriental Magic Rice", made the people of China see the hope of life and kept the people of the world away from hunger. He is Yuan Longping.

After work, Yuan Longping came to a remote rural area in western Hunan. In the days of teaching in agricultural schools, he used his spare time to go out of the classroom, study rice in the fields by himself, and plow the fields like ordinary farmers.

In the long-term research, by chance, he found a rice that stood out from the crowd, so he came up with the idea of cultivating hybrid rice. However, Yuan Longping's idea is contrary to the traditional classical genetics. Many authoritative scholars think that he is a tree and can't succeed. However, with the courage to subvert the world authority, he is determined to stick to his ideas to the end.

In the weather in June and July, Yuan Longping took a kettle and steamed bread and a magnifying glass every day, searching for the ideal seedlings from ear to ear. Hard conditions and irregular diet made him suffer from gastrointestinal diseases. It is with this indomitable, brave and tenacious will that after investigating more than 6.5438+0.4 million rice ears, after more than two years of experiments and research, a paper "Rice Male Sterility" that shocked the world was finally written.

Subsequently, Yuan Longping and his assistants spent six years using more than 3,000 hybrid combinations of 1 1,000 varieties, but failed to cultivate rice seedlings with 1 1,000% sterility. Finally, in 1974, the yield per mu of "Nanyou No.2" hybrid rice planted by Yuan Longping in Anjiang Agricultural School reached 628kg, which was very different from that of conventional rice.

1976 is a crucial year for hybrid rice research in China. With diligence and courage, Yuan Longping and his assistants started the large-scale seed production and popularization of hybrid rice in China.

After the successful development of hybrid rice, various honors followed: the father of hybrid rice, the first national highest science and technology award, In 2004, ............................................................................................................................., the person of the year in China, was moved, but what was moving was that, Although he has won such a high honor and made such great achievements, although he is over eighty, he still wears 35 yuan's clothes and plows the fields day and night.

In his life, he did one thing well, cultivated excellent hybrid rice and solved the food problem of human beings.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuan Longping