Appreciation scheme of ancient poetry

1. How to hold poetry appreciation activities In recent years, the poetry appreciation questions in the senior high school entrance examination in various places have become more and more difficult and scored higher and higher.

And many candidates are either daunting or unable to start. The reasons are as follows: First, there is little accumulation and literature accumulation is not deep enough.

Second, the language of classical poetry is concise and implicit, with rich meanings, and candidates lack understanding of the language rules of poetry. This paper attempts to unveil the "mysterious veil" of poetic language together with you, go straight to the poet's heart and appreciate the elegance of China's classical poetry.

The language of poetry emphasizes the tempering of words and the harmony of phonology. In recent years, the appreciation of Chinese in senior high school entrance examination focuses on the accurate use of words, the revelation of image connotation, the understanding and appreciation of important sentences and so on.

Next, we will step into the door of poetic language. First, there are many forms of examining the words in China's ancient poems.

However, whether it is to find out the poetic eye in a sentence, analyze the function of keywords in a poem, or compare the differences between different words, the essence of the study is to investigate the accurate use of words in a specific language environment and their expression effects, which can be summarized as "fine words." We should attach great importance to the following words: 1. Flexible words such as "red" and "green" in Jie Jiang's "fleeting people, cherry red and banana green"; "Yue" and "emptiness" in Chang Jian's "Birds live with the mountains here, and people touch the pool level"; And the words "old" and "fat" in Zhou Bangyan's "Young oriole in the wind and plum in the rain" are all words that turn decay into magic.

2. The expression verb Tao Qian's words "leisurely see Nanshan" and Song Qi's words "red apricot branches make trouble in spring" have been passed down from generation to generation. 3. "Young women in the boudoir never worry about their words, and they put on their makeup in spring.

Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng. "(Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart) The word" regret "skillfully shows the emotional changes of a young woman in the boudoir.

4. The tone of words expressing colors can generally reflect emotions, enhance the color sense of description and render the atmosphere. Some function words may be meaningful in a specific language environment, such as "the green grass stains the steps in spring, and birds sing happily under the leaves."

(Du Fu's Shu Xiang) In the usual reading, we should cultivate a pair of "critical eyes" who are good at discovering important words and savor the beauty of these words in chanting. Example: Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions as required.

Living in the distance of Li Shangyin, books are dreams, and only empty beds are Su Qiu's enemies. Under the steps of moss mangroves, the moon is sad in the rain.

Can the "enemy" in the second sentence of this poem be replaced by "right" or other words? Please briefly explain the reasons. Answer: it can't be changed to "right" or other words.

The use of the word "enemy" not only highlights the lonely and cold atmosphere of "empty bed" and "Su Qiu", but also shows that people who sleep alone in an empty bed can't stand the desolate situation of "Su Qiu" and expresses the unspeakable sadness in the poet's heart. It is difficult to achieve this expression effect with "right" or other words.

Key points of the answer to the word refining question: ① Pay attention to whether words are used flexibly in sentences and understand their meanings in sentences; ② Understand the artistic conception and image created by the words in the poem; ③ Analyze the feelings conveyed by words; ④ When organizing answers, we should choose appropriate words to emphasize its beauty, such as profound, implicit, prominent, vivid, vivid and so on. Field practice 1 1. Read the following poem and answer the following questions.

In spring, Wu Yangliu is overcast, and the residual flowers fall to see the warbler. Last night, the spring breeze blew away my sweet dream of homesickness. In my dream, I chased the spring breeze back to my hometown.

(1) What is the function of the word "spring" in the poem? What do you mean "you"? (2) What is the beauty of "blowing" and "chasing"? (3) What are the characteristics of the language of this poem? 2. Read the following Song Ci, and then answer this question. Zhang Xian, a fairy, listened to the underwater sound several times and woke up drunk at noon.

Send away spring, when will spring come back? Near dusk mirror, sad past years, past and future empty. On the beach, on the poultry pond, the clouds break the moon.

Heavy curtains cover the lights, the wind has not stopped, the sound is very quiet, and falling flowers cover the garden path. Wang Guowei said that the word "de" was written in "clouds break the moon to make a shadow", and the realm was completely gone.

What's good about the word "agriculture"? Second, the image reading image is an object image that contains the author's thoughts and feelings, and it is a harmonious blend and perfect combination of abstract subjective "meaning" and concrete objective "image". It is a special language form in poetry and an extremely important core concept in poetry appreciation.

When appreciating poetry, we should pay attention to images, mobilize accumulation and try to figure out the meaning of images, so as to understand the content of the works. The accumulation and grasp of the meaning of images is of great benefit to the analysis and appreciation of the scene images, the atmosphere formed and the author's mood in ancient poetry, and then to a deeper understanding of the theme of poetry.

There is a common way of image combination in classical poetry, that is, all nouns or noun phrases are skillfully arranged together after selection and combination to form a vivid and sensible picture, which is used to set off the atmosphere, create artistic conception and express emotions. It can be called "image superposition". For example, Ma Zhiyuan's "A dead vine and a faint crow, a small bridge and a flowing family, an ancient road and a thin horse" are all connected by nouns. These images seem to be isolated, but if you read them carefully, you can find their internal relations.

Field Exercise 2 Read the following lyrics and then answer this question. Send some letters to Huang Tingjian. I live in Jun Nanhai, Beihai, but I can't deliver books to geese.

Peach and plum spring breeze, a glass of wine, ten years of night rain. Housekeeping, but with four vertical walls, does not cure diseases.

I want to study, my head is white, and apes cry over streams. Zhang Lei, who is also a "Four Bachelor of Sumen", once said: "A glass of peach and plum spring breeze wine is a rain in rivers and lakes for ten years", which is really strange. "

Please briefly analyze where this sentence is "odd". The "image" of the guidance and training of ancient poetry appreciation skills (2) Third, repeatedly trying to figure out the deep meaning of poetry images based on the situation of objects is the main type of poetry images.

The so-called image is a vivid and vivid image that the poet's thoughts and subjective feelings pour into his poems, or an objective image with profound implications conceived by the author, which is the basis and support for the author to express his feelings and ambitions. Therefore, when appreciating poetry, only by grasping the image and repeatedly pondering and appreciating the theme, mood, social significance and appeal of the image can we truly appreciate the works of ancient poetry.

Example 3. Read the following two Tang poems and then answer this question. Danyang sent Wei He to join the army.

2. How should the reading club planning of Appreciation of Ancient Poetry limit the methods of poetry selection and appreciation? First, taste expressive "poetic eyes" or "lettering eyes".

For example, Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream" "It rained suddenly and the wind suddenly last night, so you don't need residual wine for a deep sleep. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there.

Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin. The whole word "poetic eye" is "green, fat and red and thin", which is very expressive.

Its expressive force is embodied in its vividness and appropriateness. For example, writing leaves with the word "fat" not only means more and more, but also can be associated with moist and bright shapes, which is very accurate and concise; This is also reflected in emotional notes. For example, writing flowers with the word "thin" is not only small, but also can feel pity and express sentimental artistic conception with the whole word. Another example is Jia Dao's "Li Ning lives in seclusion", which says, "There are few neighbors, and the grass path enters an empty garden.

/The bird stopped in the tree by the pool and the monk knocked at the door. /color separation across the bridge, moving stones and moving cloud roots.

/come back here for a while, and you will do what you say during the quiet period. The word "you" in the title is the "eye in the title" and the key to understanding the whole poem.

Every couplet in the poem is closely linked with the word "seclusion". The first couplet is about the "seclusion" of residence: living in a corner, no one, quiet grass path and sparse empty garden. Parallel prose and neck couplets describe the "quietness" of the environment: parallel prose is lined with sounds, birds are singing in the trees by the pool, and the old monk gently knocks on the door in the bright moonlight, all of which show the quietness of the environment; Necklace writing from night to day, or from the perspective of the environment, but the vision is much broader, across the bridge, around the boulder, along the way, everywhere quiet, full of wild interest, the poet's inner joy arises spontaneously.

Couplets reveal the poet's longing for seclusion. It can be seen that the key to reading poetry lies in grasping "poetic eyes" and "inscribing eyes".

Second, analyze the ideological content of poetry. To correctly understand the ideological content of ancient poetry, the most fundamental thing is to learn to know people and comment on the world. As Mr. Lu Xun said, "To write a paper, it is best to take the whole article, the author and their social state into account, which is more conclusive."

For example, Li Qingzhao's Dream should be related to the background at that time: Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng were deeply attached to each other, but "Yi Anshu couldn't bear to leave without getting married for a long time" (Liu Yisheng's Song Ci), so we can grasp the question and answer to analyze it, and it is not difficult to understand the sentimental feelings of this word, which loves flowers and cherishes spring. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate ancient poetry, learn to know people and discuss the world, and grasp the tone and theme of poetry as a whole.

Third, explore the wonderful use of standard sentences. Ancient poems often quote allusions and turn them into poems, which are related to rich connotations.

To appreciate ancient poetry, we must understand the source and significance of allusions and poems, and explore the wonderful use of allusions and poems in ancient poetry. For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow", "After ten miles in the spring breeze, the wheat is green".

In other words, Du Mu's poem "Spring Breeze Yangzhou Road Shili" was used. Its application here makes the former prosperity of Yangzhou City in sharp contrast with the present depression, which hurts the memory of the past.

Exploring the wonderful use of standardized sentences is the basis of accurately understanding ancient poetry. Fourth, experience the expressive effect of rhetorical devices.

In ancient poetry, for the needs of image and lyricism, various artistic techniques are often used to express it, among which the most important ones are metaphor, arousal, personification, exaggeration, duality, repetition and foil. If we grasp the expressive effect of these techniques, we can better understand the image of poetry and the author's feelings. How about "Singing Willow"? "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of strands of green silk tapestries hang down.

I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors. "The author abandoned the simple and intuitive description method, broke the traditional thinking of chanting things and expressing feelings, and created a novel image with unique romantic color for us with strange imagination and clever metaphor.

The first sentence uses "Jasper" (referring to a beautiful girl named Jasper in Yuefu's "Jasper Song") as a metaphor, which makes the poem attractive with a brand-new image at the beginning. In the second sentence, willow twigs droop, just like a green ribbon on a girl's body, and wicker is depicted with ribbons, which highlights the characteristics of tenderness and fluttering, vividly portrays the image of spring willow as silk, and gives people a vibrant aesthetic feeling.

Ask and answer the last two sentences, and praise Chunliu again with clever metaphors. A "thin" and a "cut" depict the slender, soft, fresh and lovely leaves of the new willow in detail, revealing the author's surprise and admiration.

"The spring breeze in February is like scissors". Comparing the spring breeze to the scissors in Jasper's clever hand, it turns the virtual into the real and has a strange imagination. He compared the willow tree to a graceful girl, painted a vibrant spring scene, and showed his praise for the vitality of spring.

Therefore, to appreciate ancient poetry, we must understand the rhetorical devices and the specific images it refers to in order to correctly understand and grasp the profound connotation of poetry. Fifth, understand the artistic conception of ancient poetry.

Artistic conception is the artistic realm of the work and the harmonious unity of the author's thoughts, feelings and life pictures. Understanding the artistic conception of ancient poetry is the highest state of appreciation, which can make the appreciator enjoy beauty, cultivate emotion and purify the soul, thus actively and consciously creating and broadening the artistic realm of ancient poetry.

Understanding artistic conception should pay attention to comparison, innovation and association. For example, Lu You's "Buzuwang" and Fan Chengda's "first frost Small Horn Plum" are all based on imaginary writing, taking plum as a metaphor to express people's feelings, but their artistic conception is different.

From the environmental point of view, Lu Ci chose the stormy dusk, which highlighted the bitterness of the environment and laid the "lonely" image of plum blossom. The mode words choose a moonlit environment after snow for plum blossom, which sets off the lonely image of plum blossom. Judging from the author's emotional sustenance, Lu Ci, after writing the lonely image of plum blossom, has deepened the subjective spirit of plum blossom, which does not invite pets, flatters, bears the wind and rain alone and bears the fox's sorrow alone with two meanings of "loneliness" and "as always".

"If you don't want to fight for spring, everyone is jealous." According to the characteristics of plum blossom, the author gave birth to the spiritual realm of plum blossom. She doesn't pursue the opening in spring, in order not to compete with flowers, flowers, flowers, and flowers, giving plum a noble sentiment of not seeking glory. "As always" further praised the noble and strong character of Meihua, and always kept moral integrity.

"Dispersed", "turned into mud" and "ground into dust" gradually assumed the tragic fate of plum blossoms, and fell out of the preciousness of "only fragrance remains". The author uses Yongmei to express his ambition, and the individuality of flower products is integrated.

The plum blossom in the model words is not as multi-layered as that in the land words.

3. Analysis on how to write the activity plan of "Ancient Poetry Contest";

First, because the main participants are students, love and ideal themes should be more appropriate;

Second, simple poetry reading lacks interest. In order to remedy this, poetry must be combined with other art categories;

Third, about high participation: I think there are at least 30 people in a class, so it is best to design a multi-level participation.

Specific forms of suggestions:

First, the theme of poetry. For example, the love between Lu You and Tang Wan is a good starting point and can be designed into a simple four-act poetic drama. In addition to the two poems written by Lu You, students can also write some poems to fill the script. Let some students who want to perform play roles and perform.

Second, guess poetry fans collectively. Let a male classmate write a poem for a female classmate first, but you can't name the female classmate, and you can't explicitly refer to a female classmate in the poem. Then let the students guess and vote. If the girl who gets the most votes is the girl who is given a poem, then the girl will become the next round of poem givers, giving a poem to a boy, with the same specific requirements as above, but not to the previous male classmates. In this way, anyone who has given poetry can't give poetry. If the students guess wrong, then we will beat the drum and pass the ball, depending on who is the poet. If students fail in impromptu writing, you can ask them to prepare in advance.

Third, blow the ball and pass the poem. This is a crazy game, a little dangerous, mainly because some fragile girls may cry. The details are as follows: let the students sit in a circle, and one person in the middle is responsible for inflating the balloon and playing constantly. Then students write poems one by one in order, and rhyme. The first word of the poem must be the same as the third word of the previous sentence (or rhyme to reduce the difficulty). You can pass the balloon to the next person by reciting this poem. If someone can't continue this sentence, then ... "Bang!" Very cool. Then the "bang" guy is responsible for playing balloons, the direction of poetry is reversed, and so on. In order to prevent some guys from holding the ball maliciously, it can be changed to the form of holding the ball in pairs, that is, A holds the ball, and it is B's turn to start making sentences after making sentences successfully. At this time, things A and B hold the ball at the same time (it's great to explode together), and A can't put it down until B also succeeds in making sentences, and it's C's turn to start making sentences, and B and C*** hold the ball together.

From the most elegant to the craziest gameplay, there are many ideas that can be thought of. As for the specific process, let's decide the form of the activity before drafting it.

4. Knock on the door of poetry. What should be written in the activity plan? During this period, we carried out a comprehensive learning activity of "Walking with Poetry". During the activity, we learned about the origin of poetry, how to appreciate poetry, how to use poetry in life, and tried to write poetry by ourselves, thus realizing the profoundness of Chinese and foreign poetry culture.

During the activity, the students collected the materials of poems respectively, and I was responsible for collecting the materials of Song Ci. As soon as I opened "Google" and typed "Song Ci", I immediately entered the world of Ci. Many famous people appeared on the screen: Su Shi, Lu You, Xin Qiji, Li Yu and Li Qingzhao ... I gently clicked and admired the colorful works of these poets. I am Lu You's "character?" "In" No Bitterness for Spring ",the next group of the other party is envious. Scattered into mud, ground into dust, only fragrance remains. When reading Li Yu's Crying at Night, I silently chanted, "The flowers in the forest have withered in spring, and I am in a hurry, but I have no choice but to come and go in the cold rain. "Seeing Li Qingzhao's dream, I was immersed in the beautiful artistic conception of' fighting for crossing, fighting for crossing, starting a beach of gulls and herons' ...

Through communication, I also read a lot of poetry materials such as Tang poetry, Yuanqu and modern poetry, and learned a lot of poetry knowledge that I didn't know before.

I know China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs, which has a history of two thousand years and embodies the wisdom of ancient people in China.

I know how to classify poems. According to the theme, there are landscape poems, object-chanting poems and frontier poems; According to the form, it can be divided into metrical poems and free poems; According to genre, it can be divided into fairy tale poems, fable poems and prose poems. ...

I have learned that poets have come forth in large numbers since ancient times. The most famous patriotic poet in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was Qu Yuan. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Cao Cao and his son contributed to the development of poetry. In this poetic and picturesque Tang Dynasty, there are countless poets like Li Bai, and Du Fu, Wang Wei and other poets have emerged. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi, Xin Qiji and Lu You were bold and unconstrained, and Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao were graceful and restrained, creating brilliant Song Ci. In addition, there are "four masters of Yuanqu"-Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan, who made Yuanqu reach its peak. The excellent works of modern poets such as Guo Moruo and Xu Zhimo have far-reaching influence.

I'm still wondering how to appreciate famous poems. I think we should first understand what this poem is about, whether it is about objects, landscapes or people. Next, analyze and understand the meaning word by word; Finally, experience the feelings that the poet wants to express in his poems. There are some good ways to read poetry. For example, when reading Li Bai's "Monthly Map of Ancient Waves", you can imagine the picture, feel the artistic conception, and experience the wonderful description of "I didn't know the moon when I was a child, and I suspected it was a mirror of Yao, flying on the top of Qingyun Mountain". You can use what you have learned about Chinese topography to understand the sentence "It's like a river flowing eastward", and you can also read Gao Shi's "contrast" to understand the feelings of poets and friends when they are apart. Using these methods, we can get close to poets and understand their thoughts and feelings. In this way, after reading Li Qingzhao's Dream, we can understand the poet's implicit lament about his "beauty is easy to get old"; After reading Yu Meiren written by Li Yu, Queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, we can know what the pain of national subjugation is, and we can also think of Su Shi's nostalgia for the past at Chibi.

……

Although the activity of "Walking with Poetry" has come to an end for the time being, I think the feeling of wandering in the ocean of poetry is really wonderful! If poetry is compared to the ocean, I think I just get a drop of water from the ocean; If I compare poetry to a garden, all I get is a little flower in a hundred flowers. I will continue to wander in the ocean of poetry and enjoy the infinite charm of poetry.