What are the formats of video images? And make a simple comparison (thank you)

Video and image are two different things.

Video file formats can be divided into two categories: local video suitable for local playback and network streaming video suitable for network playback. It is worth mentioning that although the latter may not be as good as the former in terms of playback stability and playback quality, the wide spread of online streaming video makes it widely used in the fields of Internet information services such as video on demand, network demonstration, distance education and online video advertising.

First, local video.

Moving picture experts group international standards

MPEG English is called moving picture expert group, that is, moving picture expert group format, which is the format of VCD, SVCD and DVD that people often watch at home. MPEG file format is the international standard of moving image compression algorithm. It uses lossy compression method to reduce redundant information in moving images. To put it more clearly, MPEG compression method is based on the fact that two adjacent images are mostly the same, and the redundant parts in the latter image and the previous image are removed, so as to achieve the purpose of compression (the maximum compression ratio can reach 200: 1). At present, there are three compression standards of MPEG format, namely MPEG- 1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. In addition, MPEG-7 and MPEG-2 1 are still in the research and development stage.

● MPEG- 1: formulated in 1992, it is an international standard designed for digital storage media moving images and audio coding with data transmission rate lower than 1.5Mbps, which is the VCD production format we usually see. Using the compression algorithm of MPEG- 1, a movie with the length of 120 minutes can be compressed to the size of1.2gb. The file extensions of this video format include. mpg，。 mlv，。 mpe，。 Mpeg and. Dat file in VCD.

●MPEG-2: 1994. The design goal is the image quality of advanced industrial standards and higher transmission rate. This format is mainly used for DVD/SVCD production (compression), as well as some HDTV (high definition television broadcasting) and some demanding video editing and processing. With the compression algorithm of MPEG-2, a movie with a length of 120 minutes can be compressed to a size of 4 to 8GB. The file extensions of this video format include. mpg，。 mpe，。 mpeg，。 M2v and. Vob file on DVD.

●MPEG-4: 1998, which is specially used for playing high-quality video of streaming media. It can compress and transmit data with extremely narrow bandwidth through frame reconstruction technology, and obtain the best image quality with the least data. At present, the most attractive feature of MPEG-4 is that it can save small-capacity video files close to DVD quality. In addition, this file format also contains some special functions, such as bit rate scalability, animation wizard, interactivity and even copyright protection, which are not available in previous MPEG compression standards. The file extensions of this video format include. asf，。 Mov and DivX AVI

● (Hint: careful users must have noticed that there is no MPEG-3 coding in the middle. In fact, the familiar MP3 is MPEG-3 (MPEG layeur 3) coding. )

AVI

AVI format: its English full name is Audio Video Interleaved, that is, audio and video interleaved format. It was introduced by Microsoft in 1992, and is known and familiar with people together with Windows3. 1. The so-called "audio and video interleaving" means that video and audio can be intertwined and played simultaneously. The advantage of this video format is that it has good picture quality and can be used across multiple platforms. Its disadvantage is that it is too big, and what is worse is that the compression standard is not uniform. The most common phenomenon is that the high version of Windows media player can't play the video in AVI format edited in the early stage, and the low version of Windows media player can't play the video in AVI format edited in the latest stage. Therefore, when we play some videos in AVI format, there are often some puzzling problems, such as the video can't be played because of the video coding problem, or even if it can be played, there are some puzzling problems, such as the inability to adjust the playback progress and the sound without pictures. If users encounter these problems when playing video in AVI format, they can download the corresponding decoder to solve them.

navigation system

NAVI format: NAVI is the abbreviation of newAVI, which is a new video format developed by an underground organization called Shadow Realm (which has little to do with AVI format). It is modified from Microsoft ASF compression algorithm, but it is different from ASF video format in network video. It greatly improves the definition of ASF video files by increasing the frame rate at the expense of the video "streaming" characteristics of the original ASF video files. To sum up, NAVI is an improved ASF format, which removes the characteristics of video stream! In other words, it is the non-network version of ASF!

DV-AV

DV-AVI format: the full English name of DV is Digital Video Format, which is a family digital video format jointly proposed by Sony, Panasonic, JVC and other manufacturers. At present, very popular digital cameras use this format to record video data. It can transmit video data to the computer through the IEEE 1394 port of the computer, and can also record the edited video data from the computer back to the digital camera. The file extension of this video format is usually. Avi, so it is also called DV-AVI format.

DIVX

DivX format: This is another video coding (compression) standard derived from MPEG-4, commonly known as DVDrip format. It adopts the compression algorithm of MPEG-4 and integrates various technologies of MPEG-4 and MP3. To put it bluntly, it is a video format formed by using DivX compression technology to compress the video image of DVD with high quality, and compressing the audio with MP3 or AC3 at the same time, and then synthesizing the video and audio with the corresponding external subtitle files. Its picture quality is almost the same as that of DVD, and its volume is only a fraction of that of DVD. This kind of coding has low requirements for machines, so DivX video coding technology can be said to be a new video compression format that poses the greatest threat to DVD, and it is called DVD killer or DVD terminator.

It only needs two discs to compress a DVD with this coding technology. It is said that the United States prohibits the export! This means that you can get similar video quality without DVD-ROM, and all you need is CD-ROM. Besides, the requirements for playing this code are not very high. As long as the CPU is above 300MHZ, 64M memory and 8M graphics card can play smoothly. This is absolutely amazing technology, and the future is limitless!

QUICKTIME

MOV format: A video format developed by Apple. The default player is Apple's QuickTime player. For a long time, it only existed on Apple's MAC. Later, it developed to support Windows platform, which is an excellent video coding format, whether it is played locally or spread on the Internet as a video streaming format. So far, it has four versions, of which version 4.0 has the best compression ratio!

This format has the characteristics of high compression ratio and perfect video definition, but its biggest feature is cross-platform, that is, it supports not only MacOS but also Windows series.

Second, the network video

3GP

3GP is a video coding format of 3G streaming media, which is mainly developed to match the high transmission speed of 3G network. High compression ratio, especially suitable for mobile phones to watch movies, is also the most common video format in mobile phones at present.

Wild mumps virus

WMV format: Its full English name is Windows Media Video, which is also a file compression format introduced by Microsoft. It adopts an independent encoding method and can directly watch video programs on the Internet in real time. The main advantages of WMV format include: local or network playback, extensible media types, component download, extensible media types, stream priority, multilingual support, environmental independence, rich inter-stream relationships and scalability.

ASF

ASF format: Its full English name is Advanced Streaming Format, which literally means "Advanced Streaming Format". It is a video format introduced by Microsoft in order to compete with the current Real Player. It can directly watch video programs online, and users can play them directly with Windows Media Player that comes with Windows. Because it uses MPEG-4 compression algorithm, the compression rate and image quality are very good, but the image quality is a little worse than VCD and a little better than RAM. High compression ratio is beneficial to the transmission of video stream, but the picture quality will definitely be lost, so sometimes the picture quality of ASF format is not as good as that of VCD. However, if we choose the highest quality compressed file regardless of online transmission, the generated video file will still be better than VCD(MPEG 1), but this will lose the original development intention of ASF.

Real video

Real Video format has been positioned in the application of video streaming from the beginning, and it can also be said that it is the founder of video streaming technology. In the case of using 56K MODEN dial-up Internet access, uninterrupted video playback can be realized. Of course, compared with MPEG-2 and DIVX, its image quality is not satisfactory. After all, it takes a lot of bandwidth to transmit uninterrupted video on the Internet, and ASF is its strong competitor in this respect!

●RM format: The audio and video compression standard developed by Real Networks Company is called Real Media. Users can use RealPlayer or RealOne Player to play network audio and video resources that meet the technical specifications of Real Media. Real Media can set different compression ratios according to different network transmission rates, so as to realize real-time transmission and playback of image data on low-rate networks. Another feature of this format is that users can use RealPlayer or RealOne Player to realize play online without downloading audio and video content. In addition, RM, as the mainstream network video format at present, can also convert videos in other formats into RM videos through its Real Server server, which is responsible for publishing and playing. RM and ASF formats can be said to have their own advantages. Generally, RM video is soft, while ASF video is relatively clear.

●RMVB format: This is a new video format, which is upgraded and expanded from RM video format. Its advantage lies in that the RMVB video format breaks the average compressed sampling mode of the original RM format, and makes reasonable use of the code rate resources on the basis of ensuring the average compression ratio, that is to say, static scenes with little action can leave more bandwidth space, and when there are fast-moving scenes, these bandwidths will be utilized. In this way, on the premise of ensuring the quality of still images, the image quality of moving images is greatly improved, thus achieving a delicate balance between image quality and file size. In addition, compared with DVDrip format, RMVB video also has obvious advantages. If a DVD movie of about 700MB is transcribed into RMVB format with the same audio-visual quality, its size will be about 400MB at most. Not only that, this video format also has the unique advantages of built-in subtitles and no plug-in support. If you want to play this video format, you can use RealOne Player2.0 or RealPlayer8.0 plus RealVideo9.0 or above.

There are mainly the following image formats.

GIF format

GIF stands for graphics 1ter change format, which is a 256-color image format.

JPEG format

It is a compression format produced according to the compression standard formulated by the Joint Photographic Graphics Expert Group. Different compression ratios can be used for compression. Its compression technology is very advanced and has little influence on image quality, so it can get better image quality with the least disk space, so it is widely used. On the Internet, it is the mainstream graphic format.

JPEG can support up to 16M color, so it is very suitable for photographic images and browsers working in 24-bit color display mode. JPEG also has a mode to adjust image quality, which allows you to choose high-quality and almost lossless compression (the file size is correspondingly large) or low-quality and lossy compression with lost image information (but the image file size is much smaller).

JPEG2000 format

JPEG 2000 is also formulated by JPEG organization, and its official name is "ISO 15444". Compared with JPEG, JPEG 2000 has higher compression rate and is a new generation of still image compression technology with more new functions.

As an upgraded version of JPEG, JPEG2000 has a compression ratio about 30% higher than JPEG. Unlike JPEG, JPEG2000 supports both lossy and lossless compression, while JPEG can only support lossy compression. Lossless compression is very useful for saving some important pictures. An extremely important feature of JPEG2000 is that it can realize progressive transmission, which is similar to the gradual display of GIF, that is, the outline of the image is transmitted first, and then the data is transmitted step by step, so as to continuously improve the image quality and make the image display from hazy to clear, instead of slowly displaying from top to bottom as JPEG does now.

In addition, JPEG2000 also supports the so-called "region of interest" function. You can arbitrarily specify the compression quality of the region of interest in the image, or you can choose to decompress the specified part first. Compared with JPEG, JPEG 2000 has obvious advantages and backward compatibility, and it is just around the corner to replace the traditional JPEG format.

BMP format

This format is the most widely used in Windows environment, and it is the least prone to problems. The most typical program applying BMP format is the brush of Windows. This file is uncompressed and will take up a lot of disk space. Its color storage formats are 1 bit, 4-bit, 8-bit and 24-bit, which are widely used today. However, because the file in this format is relatively large, it can only be used on a single computer, and because of the speed factor, the images in this format are generally not used on the Internet.

PCX format

PCX format is a format developed by ZSOFT when developing the image processing software Paintbrush. The storage format ranges from 1 bit to 24 bits. This is a compressed format that takes up less disk space. The PCX format is still very popular because of its long-term appearance and its ability of compression and full color.

Photoshop document

The self-built standard file format in Photoshop, an image processing software developed by Adobe Company, is PSD format. Among all the formats supported by this software, PSD format is much faster and more powerful than other formats. Because Photoshop software is more and more widely used, this format has gradually become popular. PSD format is a special format of Photoshop, which can store various design drafts such as layers, channels and masks.

TIFF format

TIFF format has the characteristics of complex graphics format and large information storage. A lot of maps in 3DS and 3DS MAX are in TIFF format. The maximum color depth of TIFF is 32bit, which can be stored by LZW lossless compression scheme.

PNG format

PNG(Portable Network Graphics) is a new network graphics format, which combines the advantages of GIF and JPEG and has the characteristics of rich storage forms. The maximum color depth of PNG is 48bit, and it is stored by lossless compression scheme. The default format of Fireworks of the famous Macromedia company is PNG.

SVG format

SVG is an acronym for Scalable Vector Graphics, which means scalable vector graphics. It is an open standard vector graphics language that allows you to design exciting high-resolution Web graphics pages. The software provides tools for making complex elements, such as gradient, embedded font, transparency effect, animation and filter effect, and can insert HTML code with common font command. The purpose of developing SVG is to provide a non-raster image standard for the Web.

EPS format

This format is used by POST SCRIPT for typesetting, printing and other output work. It is a format that PC users rarely see, while users of Apple Mac machines use it more.

TGA format

TGA(Tagged Graphics) file is an image file format developed by American Truevision Company for its graphics card, which has been accepted by the international graphics and image industry. TGA has a simple structure, belongs to the general format of graphics and image data, has great influence in the field of multimedia, and is the preferred format for converting computer-generated images into TV.

LIC(FLI/FLC) format

Flic format was developed by Autodesk Company, and FLC is the collective name of FLC and FLI: FLI is an original animation file format based on 320×200 resolution, and FLC adopts a more efficient data compression technology, so the compression ratio is higher than FLI, and the resolution is also improved a lot.

EMF format

EMF(Enhanced Metafile) is a Windows 32-bit extended metafile format developed by Microsoft to make up for the shortage of using WMF. It also belongs to the vector file format, which aims to make the metafile more acceptable.

WMF format

WMF(Windows Metafile Format) is a common metafile format in Windows, which belongs to vector file format. It has the characteristics of short file and modeling mode, and the whole graph is often spliced by various independent components, and its graph is often rough.

DXF format

DXF (Autodesk Graphic Interchange Format) is a vector file format in AutoCAD. It stores files in ASCII code, which is very accurate in representing the size of graphics. Many softwares support input and output in DXF format.

SWF format

With Flash, we can make an animation with the suffix SWF(Shockwave format).

Device independent bitmap

Dib is a graphic file format similar to bmp, and its ability to describe images is basically the same as bmp. DIB can run on a variety of hardware platforms, but the file is larger. Ordinary PC graphics and image software can handle it.

RLE (Run-length Compression)

Rle is a compressed bitmap file format. RLE compression scheme is an extremely mature compression scheme, which is characterized by lossless compression, saving disk space and not losing any image data. However, there are advantages and disadvantages. It takes more time to open this compressed file. In addition, some applications with poor compatibility may not be able to open rle files.

Band Width

Bw is a black-and-white graphic file format containing various pixel information.

CDR(CorelDraw)

Cdr is a vector graphics file format in CorelDraw. This is a graphic image file format that can be used in all CorelDraw applications.

Color mapping file

Col is a palette file format created by Autodesk Animator, Autodesk Animator Pro and other programs, which stores RGB values of each item in the palette.

DamwonGaming e-sports club

Dwg is a graphic file format used in AutoCAD.

DXB (Drawing Interchange Binary)

Dxb is a graphic file format created by AutoCAD.

the icon file

Ico is the icon file format of Windows.

Image file format

Iff is a graphic file format used on super graphics processing platforms such as Amiga, and it is also used in Hollywood stunt movies, which can reproduce the original scene realistically. Of course, this format will consume a lot of computer resources, such as memory and external storage.

Pound mass

Lbm is a graphic file format used in Deluxe Paint, and its encoding method is similar to *. Iff file.

magazine

Mag is a graphic file format commonly used by Japanese.

iMac

Mac is a grayscale graphics file format used in Macintosh. When used in Macintosh brushes, the resolution can only be 720×567.

MPT (Macintosh brush)

Mpt is a graphic file format used in Macintosh.

MSK (mask data file)

Msk is a graphic file format in Animator Pro, which contains bitmap graphics.

OPT (optical menu setting file)

It is a graphic file format created by Animator Pro.

TWE (tweed data file)

It is a graphic file format created by Animator Pro.

Polygon file

Ply is a graphic file format created by Animator Pro, which contains a series of points used to describe polygons.

PBM/ Megapixel/Megapixel (Portable Pixel Map)

Graphic file format.

Kodak photoelectric CD

Pcd is a photo CD file format, which was developed by Kodak Company and can only be read by other software systems. This format is mainly used to store color scanned images on optical disks. It uses YCC color mode to define colors in images. Most of the photo CD images are of very high quality, and the cost of scanning a roll of film into photo CD files is not high, but the quality of scanning depends on the type of film used and the operation level of scanner users.

film

Pic is a graphic file format, which contains uncompressed image information.

PICT/PICT2/PNT

Pict file format is mainly used on Mac computers, and can also be used on PCs with Quick Time installed. Files in this format are not suitable for printing, but are usually used for multimedia projects. Pict is also one of the formats used by Mac application software for image display.

PXR (Pixar)

Perhaps only users of Pixar workstations are familiar with pxr, a file format that supports gray-scale images and RGB color images. You can open the pxr image created by PIXAR workstation in PhotoShop, or save the image file in pxr format for transfer to the workstation.

RAS (sun raster file) /raw (original gray scale)

Graphic file format.

win

Win is a graphic file format similar to tga.

XBM(X bitmap)

Xbm is a graphic file format.