The relationship between artistic truth and real life.

1, life is real. Life truthfulness is a concept of literary theory. The "narrow sense of real life" in literary works mainly refers to people and things that exist objectively in real life, that is, people and things conform to the common sense of life, that is, to the laws and rules of objective life. That is, what we often call "original ecology" is an authentic life, a life that has not been processed and trained and filtered by people's subjective consciousness. It is natural, primitive, rough and true. The broad sense of "life truth" includes narrow sense of life truth, historical truth and scientific truth. The scientificity in literary works, that is, scientific truth, refers to testing some narratives and descriptions in literary works with natural laws. It is necessary to consider whether the scenery, utensils and human activities written in the works conform to the scientific nature, the natural development law of people and things and scientific historical facts. Thinking about the authenticity and rigor of literary works cannot but include thinking about science. Historical truth is people and things that have really happened in history, even historical events.

So, what kind of works can be true to life? From the creative practice, reportage, documentary literature, historical themes, naturalism, realism and other works all require the use of real life. If divorced from real life, it does not meet the requirements of subject matter and writing. When the audience appreciates them, they will say that they are making it up and making it up. However, even though these themes and techniques can express the truth of life, they are far from the original real life. The life truth of literary concept, that is, the principle of authenticity, is not the simulation and recording of real events in life, but the summary and excavation of real events with life significance. Even documentary literature and reportage cannot write all the words and deeds of a person's life. Naturalism is a literary trend of thought. Formed in the second half of19th century. The artist is required to observe calmly and record simply in order to pursue the absolute objectivity and accuracy of his works, and refuses to analyze and judge them in his works. They also try to explain people and human society with the laws of natural science, especially biology, so they often ignore the artistic summary of the essence of things. The word "realism" appeared in the field of philosophy as early as 19 th century, but it was not until 1836 that the reporter Prenzi used this term that the artistic foundation of realism was established. Realism requires a correct, complete and faithful description of the current social environment. For example, painters such as Courbet used realistic techniques to describe peasants and laborers who were not paid much attention at that time, and the ideas they represented just ran counter to the ideas of the college, which became a revolutionary pioneering work. Surrealism, also known as surrealism, neo-realism and photographic realism, originated and flourished in the United States, and then spread all over the world. From the late 1960s to the 1970s, as the center of modern art in the world, there appeared Leslie, Close (painting), Andre, Hansen (sculpture) and others in the American art world, whose works were as realistic as photos or real people. The increasingly developed technology and rich materials provide convenient conditions for the development of this style. Neo-realism: the film movement that rose in Italy after World War II. The main representatives are Rossellini, Dictya and Visconti. The theme of this kind of movies mostly revolves around the local problems in Italy before and after World War II, and advocates calmly and realistically presenting the lives of the middle and lower classes. Formally, most of the new realistic films adopt real-life shooting and natural light, and use unprofessional actors to perform and describe the details of life. Compared with the pre-war closure and camouflage, the new realistic film is more like a realistic documentary without whitewashing.

The true meaning of life The truth of life is the foundation and source of literary creation, and any art comes from the truth of life. Without the truth of life as the foundation, all literature and art will become passive water and trees without roots. If any literature and art is divorced from the truth of life and made up by subjective imagination, there will be no authenticity, and there will be no artistic truth. This is the true meaning of life.

2. Art is real. Artistic truthfulness refers to the true face of social life that artists refine, process, generalize and create from real life and reflect the essence and laws of a certain historical period through artistic images. Artistic truth is an important quality that works of art should possess, an important condition for the effective display of artistic functions, and the ultimate goal pursued by literary and art workers. It is the premise of beauty and goodness of works of art, and it is also the guarantee of artistic vitality of works of art, and artistic truth comes directly from social life. Based on the reality of life, artists refine, process and summarize life according to the inevitable logic of life development and their own aesthetic ideals, thus reflecting the essence of life. Artistic truth is the purification, deepening and beautification of life truth, which is more concentrated than life truth and can deeply express the essence of social life. A Dream of Red Mansions, for example, achieves the perfect unity of life truth and artistic truth. It is one of the four classic novels of China's classical literature and the highest model of artistic truth.

The true meaning of art. Artistic truth is the crystallization of dialectical unity of artists' subjective thoughts and objective life truth. It comes from the truth of life and is higher than the truth of life. It can be based on real people and things in life, and it can also be based on people and things that may exist in life, so as to achieve artistic truth. You can also use the typicalization method to concentrate a class of people and things on one person or thing to complete typicalization. Artistic truth does not require photographic reproduction of life, nor does it object to copying some phenomena of life. Artistic truth can spread the wings of imagination, such as Li Bai's poems and songs, rich associations and extreme exaggeration, which constitute the unique style of his poetic art. Therefore, artistic truth does not exclude artistic imagination and artistic fiction, but allows you to fiction and write what you miss or fantasize about. However, any imagination and fantasy are still based on real life. Although there may not be anything in life, it conforms to the logic of life. Its essence lies in the artistic agreement between artistic image and the inherent laws and logic of social life. In artistic creation, no matter what artistic methods and means are adopted, from life truth to artistic truth are the same principles and requirements. Whether an artist can achieve artistic truth from real life depends on whether he has progressive ideas, rich life experience and skillful artistic skills.

Second, the difference and connection between life truth and artistic truth.

Although life truth and artistic truth are two concepts, there are differences and inevitable connections between them. To put it simply, the difference between them is: (1) Life truth is a natural and purely objective thing, while artistic truth is an ideological thing, which is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity. For example, the Monkey King in The Journey to the West is not a real person. He is a monkey, but he has human personality and characteristics, thinking and behavior. Therefore, the Monkey King is an artistic model. (2) Artistic truth is the typical and aesthetic reflection of real life. The relationship between them is that life truth is the foundation, that is to say, artistic truth must be based on life truth, and artistic truth divorced from life truth is false and fabricated, which cannot arouse people's love and admiration. Artistic truth is the refinement and sublimation of real life. Artistic truth originates from life truth and is higher than life truth, which is the ultimate goal pursued by literary artists. Let's talk about the specific differences between the two. For example, life in the vast rural areas in the new era is real. Throughout the year, summer sowing and spring sowing, autumn harvest and winter storage, we have worked hard. Agricultural tax used to be paid, but the country cancelled it the year before last. Writer Zhong Zhang turned this story into a TV series "The Story of Farmhouse" and put it on the screen, which became a real work of art. After it was broadcast on CCTV 1 prime time, the response was very good and the ratings were very high. This is from the truth of life to the truth of art.

Let's talk about the relationship between them:

1, the truth of life is the foundation. This is because all art comes from life. Literature and art are neither inherent in a writer's mind, nor subjective, nor do they fall from the sky. Literature and art come from life, and life is a reflection of social life. All art in the world is a reflection of life, and there is no artistic work that does not reflect life, whether it is literature, painting, sculpture or film and television. But the forms of reflection are different, some are direct and vivid, some are tortuous and obscure, and some are wrong or distorted. When "The Granary in the World" was broadcast, the creative staff were invited to the film and television company to record the program. Haiyan seems to have not left yet. Wu Ziniu sat there in a very indecent posture, talking about his creative speech. Some viewers suggested that Lu Zhuo and Cicada sit outside the city for three days without going to the toilet? Many TV plays are called untrue and fake by ordinary people. Good scolding, right scolding. Scripts made in hotels should be thrown directly into the dustbin. People prefer "Bright Sword". Why? Because "Bright Sword" is true and conforms to the logic of life. People like "The Garland under the Mountain" because some of its details are true, such as the bill that Liang Sanxi took out when he died, which is in line with the reality of rural people's life in the early 1980s. As the mother of Liang Sanxi, Wang is a typical rural old lady.

Reflecting life is one of the essential characteristics of art, and even the patterns and patterns on pottery bowls and pots in primitive society are derived from primitive life. Because life is primitive and simple, its patterns and patterns are also very simple. I saw some tiles of the Han Dynasty in Zibo, with patterns of water, flowers and plants, and a man holding a sheep. In fact, this is a true reflection of social life at that time. Chinese painting has always emphasized "taking nature as a teacher". Social life is the source of art, and it is the only source. This is the truth proved by all artistic practices, and it is also a basic law of literary creation. When we read a work, we often see readers reply "It's not true, it's fiction". This is a violation of the principle of authenticity of life.

2. Life truthfulness is not equal to artistic truthfulness. Social life is complex, chaotic, primitive and rough. If you copy life completely, it will be thankless. Therefore, to raise the truth of life to the truth of art, we must process and refine, get rid of the rough and the fine, get rid of the false and keep the true, and recreate the kung fu from the outside to the inside, from the superficial to the deep. The writer's mind is a processing machine, a steamer and a filter. The truth of life is the object reflected by art, and it is the objective basis and essential material on which art is formed. However, artistic truth is not equal to life truth, but a typical life truth.

From "real life" to "real art" is a typical artistic creation process. Only under the guidance of advanced world outlook can literary and art workers understand, analyze, select and summarize the means of subsistence, and then transform them from individual to whole, from special to general, from phenomenon to essence. Because of this, "artistic truth" is more real than "real life". The following is a poem, which is Hometown Mud, a work by the Shandong Young Writers Association.

It is not a scholar who remembers country roads by heart.

It is not a lonely butterfly.

It's township mud. These are not only in the inland areas.

The mud in the country is not where swallows go to nest and bite.

But like bitter cauliflower and green cabbage.

Because of homesickness, it holds its hometown in its arms.

Hold the road to your hometown in your arms.

Hold the villages on both sides of the road in your arms.

Don't leave a little lonely.

How many books do you want to read in your life?

How many sentences did you pick before you got drunk here?

Its intimacy, of course, was ignored.

But how many names can it remember?

People who come out of its arms

We must extract memories from that little rural soil.

Grow into a wonderful flower, bloom into a stamen, let the night rain

Wet bananas

Inevitably, the wheels pass here.

Will get deeper and deeper.

No matter how big the engine is, it is difficult to get rid of the idea of being stuck.

Pull it out. Native hometown, city, familiar,

Almost all strangers have been raised by it.

No wonder, when passing by here.

Their trouser legs must be stuck by its enthusiasm.

Their trouser legs were all wet by his simplicity.

No matter how wet or how wet it is.

It's all recognition, and I have to let you

With footprints, take over a large piece of feelings for rural mud.

From this poem, we can see the changing process from the truth of life to the truth of art.

Life truth is not equal to artistic truth. This is because:

First, there is always a distance between life and art. From the truth of life to the truth of art, it needs the writer's mind and artistic practice to refine it. Another example is the poem of our member poet Li Danping. During his visit to Meng Lianggu, he wrote such works of art: "Meng Lianggu" is not the highest mountain here, but the highest monument here. The gunfire retreated and the tombs were stationed. The stones on the hillside are kneeling facing the mountain. Meng Shan Zhu: "Thin, almost only bones. Chopped and knotted. "

Second, life itself cannot be said to reflect the essence. Social life is frequent and complicated, and some lives are trivial, rough, subtle and incoherent; Truth and falsehood, beauty and ugliness, good and evil are mixed together. Some lives are appearances and can't reflect the essence of life at all. Therefore, the substance of life should be analyzed and identified, from the outside to the inside, from coarse to fine, from false to true. This is the process of typification. The author can't choose the vegetables in the basket, nor can he copy life intact. We should be different, differentiated and selective. Only those materials that reflect the essence of life are qualified and true. Otherwise, it's just matter, it's blank. On the Internet, I saw many prose writers trying to describe life, which was a little close to naturalism. But I always feel that personal color is too strong, not typical enough, and it is still far from artistic truth. Such works will not meet the standards of public publication, and can only be circulated online. There are also examples in this regard, such as the Jingui Villa in Aoshan Bay in the Soviet Union.

The mountains by the sea are very wet.

The villages in the mountains are very humid.

The autumn rain in villages and towns is wet.

The party in the rain is very nourishing.

The eyeful of green is green no matter how the composition is composed.

Blue is everywhere, no matter how creative it is.

No matter how you look at it, it is raining in the sky.

Full of affection, how touching affection.

They come from different places.

Brought enough rain.

It rained 380 mm in two days.

There is a reservoir that needs to be dammed.

The flood control situation is very tense

Are there any dragons among poets?

Sign the bill quickly

Stopped the continuous rainstorm.

They come from different units.

Crops that bring a bumper harvest.

Twelve people published twenty books.

A man won the Bing Xin Literature Award.

The creative situation is good.

Are there any awesome writers?

Shake your arm and drink.

Stop the impetuous noise in the literary world.

I came with my eyes.

I came with ears.

I want to follow my heart.

Heavy crops filled my eyes.

Look at me. Look at me.

Without a word.

I have to say a lot to my eyes.

Don't let youth get cold feet.

This poem can't be said to be bad, but it is too realistic and lacks generalization and artistic processing. The same is to participate in the pen meeting, and the poems written are very different.

Third, we must go deep into life and strengthen life practice in order to get the true meaning of life. What has been experienced is what has been practiced. Imagine, if Zhu Ziqing had no experience of family life when he was a child, how could he write such a touching prose as Back? This is the relationship between truth and practice. What is here is the truth after artistic processing, reflecting the essence of life; The practice here is artistic practice. Of course, it is impossible for an author to experience all his life, and some of them are not what the author has seen and heard, which is also practice. The process of refining, processing and revising these original materials is also the process of artistic practice. Fiction is not allowed in prose, unlike fiction, which can make up some plots. However, not allowing fiction does not mean not allowing artistic processing. If prose is copied from life without artistic processing, it will certainly be thankless and futile. This truth is the same as photography and photography. Photography is copying life, and photography is editing and montage. In other words, there must be artistic treatment of post-production. Some beginners don't understand the writing process and principle of prose, and always copy life intact. The result is hard to please, and readers don't buy it. Because the author didn't understand the essence of life, he took some individual phenomena as the essence of life. And some authors write the most tragic and painful things they have experienced, but they have not aroused the readers' * * *, such as their brother being chopped by others in a fight, but no one doubts the truth, but what is the social significance of this matter? Or is it because it is only an individual phenomenon of life and cannot reflect the essence of life? The essence of life refers to those things with typicality, universality, regularity and social significance.

3. Artistic truth is always higher than life truth. First, artistic truth is the truth of life with the author's subjective tendency. Because art refines life through the processing of the author's mind, it already has the author's ideological activities and ideology. Writers often start from the principle of truth in life, highly generalize a kind of people and things, mix many similar lives together, and then add their own ideas and opinions to their works. This tendency is gradually revealed through details, rather than slogan confession. If not, then the author is lazy or doesn't understand art, which is also the difference between a writer and an artist. Second, artistic truth is the truth of life refined by the author. It comes from life, but it is higher than life. The material here has become the theme, the details here are typical details, and the language here is a standard language. Borrowing mathematical concepts, there is a "difference" between them, which is often a moral realm advocated and respected by literary and art workers, or a pioneering ideological depth. The greater the "difference", the more difficult it is to deduce; On the contrary, the smaller the "difference", the closer or the same between artistic truth and real life, and the less depth and appeal the work has. To sum up, when we create literary works, we should keep in mind one sentence when describing any characters and plots: "It doesn't have to be true, but it must be true."

4. The relationship between life truth and artistic truth is dialectical unity. The truth of life is the foundation, and the truth of art is the goal. No one can live without anyone, and we can't make them into two skins. Grasping the degree between the two is a creative problem. There is a debate between "likeness" and "likeness" in the history of China literature. Too much similarity will lead to naturalism, and too much emphasis on similarity is easy to be divorced from reality. Qi Baishi has a famous saying: "Painting is expensive in similarity and dissimilarity, not in deceiving the world, and too similar is kitsch." Later, I had a basic knowledge of * * *, mainly in form and spirit. Artistic truth is based on the principle of not being divorced from real life. Things divorced from real life are like castles in the air, such as buildings on the beach. But blindly pursuing the truth of life and ignoring the goal of literary creation will also lose its way.

Third, how to deal with the relationship between life truth and artistic truth.

We know what is life truth, what is art truth, and the differences and connections between them. Then, we will discuss how to deal with their relationship. A mature writer should be an artist who combines the two perfectly. He has profound life experience and superb artistic generalization ability, and is good at refining and processing essential creative materials from real life, thus creating excellent literary works. Predecessors have summed up very good experience, and there are many articles about creative experience, but according to my research, nothing more than the following points:

First, adhere to the philosophy of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Why should literary creation understand philosophy? Because philosophy is a science that guides all sciences, and it is a world outlook and methodology. Without a correct world outlook and methodology, it is difficult to write real works of art, such as writing works with historical themes, which must reflect or reproduce the historical truth of that era. Without the guidance of historical materialism philosophy, you may distort history and violate the principle of historical truth. For another example, if you write about modern and contemporary social life without the guidance of dialectical materialism philosophy, your grasp of reality may be out of shape, because your thoughts are incorrect, you don't grasp the mainstream and essence of real life, and you make a fuss about small details, leading to political mistakes or insufficient themes. Reflecting real life, if we don't use realistic methods and follow the laws of realistic creation, we may slip into the mud pit of anti-realism. Therefore, writers should learn more about philosophy, broaden their horizons and thoughts, and become thinkers in life. An author told me that I always feel that what I write lacks thinking and depth. What is the reason? I think the main reason is that I have read too little philosophy and not enough theoretical thinking and logical thinking. Besides learning Marxist philosophy well. I suggest reading more Confucianism, Taoism and Zen in China, or Indian Buddhism, which is good for literary creation. If you don't read Confucian works, you won't know China's ethics and the way of treating people. If you don't read Taoist works, that is, Laozi and Zhuangzi, you won't know the profoundness of China's philosophy, and you will fall into all kinds of troubles in life; If you don't read Zen and Buddhism, you won't know the six divisions in the wheel of life of karma, and it will be difficult to understand the life of Zen. Zen is a realm, a pioneer and a big drink. After reading Zen, the taste of poetry has risen to a higher level. Everyone likes Kong Fu's new pastoral poems. What's so good about his poems? In fact, it is good that his poems are Zen.

Second, insist on going deep into life, observing life, improving life, and taking the truth of life as the foundation and source. Going deep into life is a cliche. Some Members will say that we live all day and eat, drink and sleep a lot. Why go deep into life? However, I am sure that even if you live every day, you may not find the beauty in life, and you may not know the essence of life. The writer is to discover beauty and explore the essence of life from the life that everyone is used to. Rodin said: Life is not without beauty, but without discovery. Therefore, observing life deeply is a basic skill of writing. One is good at observation. A writer should have a pair of sharp eyes and be good at discovering beauty from trivial things in daily life. Even if others have observed what they have written, they can find new angles and things that can become art. Artists always have a pair of observant eyes and see the artistic characteristics of people and things that ordinary people can't see. How to keep artistic truth away from real life? Many writers and artists at home and abroad have made explorations. Socrates said: "It seems that we should supervise those who write these stories … because what they say is untrue and harmful to future soldiers. We should put truth above everything else. " Chernyshevski said: "Reproducing life is the general feature of art and its essential feature." The second is to be highly generalized, and typification is a highly generalized technology. Take all kinds of personality characteristics, and then focus on one person. For example, The True Story of Ah Qiu shows the characters of many farmers, and then focuses on Ah Qiu, showing the characters of farmers in China vividly. The third is to simulate real life. This is allowed. Characterization can be highly generalized, but the details should simulate life. Recently, I read an article written by foreign students, and talked about three methods, namely, direct sensory stimulation, language homology and thinking synchronization. I quite agree with this view. Prose or novel, in order to gain great artistic appeal, must imitate life in detail and achieve the same language tone as the prototype characters in life in language. We should also keep in sync ideologically. A farmer's thought can't have a citizen's thought, and a general is different from a soldier. Some works tell children to talk like adults, which is a bit funny. Regarding the relationship between life truth and artistic truth, Mr. Lu Xun once said a very incisive sentence. He said: "It is an exaggeration to say that the snow in Yanshan is as big as a mat, but it must have snowed in Yanshan, and there is a little frankness in it, which let us know at once that Yanshan was so cold. If you say' Guangzhou snowflakes are as big as seats', it will become a joke. "

We should not only be good at observing and experiencing life, but also take the initiative to go deep into life and refine, excavate and summarize the essential things in life. Some authors feel that there is nothing to write about. I think the main reason is the lack of life accumulation and life foundation. Then, going deep into life has become the primary task of making up lessons. Some authors are not without lives. They have some life experience, but they still can't write it, and they can't pour it out when they have goods in their bellies. This is the problem of not expressing. Other authors have a life and have written something, but if they continue to write, they feel stretched and have nothing to write. This shows that he has overdrawn his life and needs to go deep into life and supplement nutrition. I once advised an author to go out more so that he could write after reading too much. Always talking about people and things around you. When you have written all your friends and relatives, what else can you write? Some authors say that I have a life, I have the ability to observe life, and I have mastered some artistic skills, so why is my writing still unpopular? This is due to lack of creativity. What you wrote was written by someone else. You have not surpassed others, so you are similar and generalized. Art can't be simulated. This is the one. That is, personal style, personal style, independent thinking, originality, unique way and uniqueness.

The third is to follow the basic laws of artistic creation and take artistic truth as the pursuit goal. Literature and art belong to the category of ideology in the final analysis. Since it is an ideology and a spiritual product, then spiritual products have the law of creating spiritual products. Philosophically speaking, it is to deepen understanding step by step and follow the cognitive law of "knowing-practicing, knowing-practicing again". Because any writer's understanding of objective existence and objective truth is not completed at one time, and there is a process from appearance to essence. Some old writers advise young writers to hold their breath, not to fall in love at first sight, to write in a big space when they feel a little, to read more books, to accumulate more, and to write when they are mature. Writing poetry should follow the law of poetry creation. Poetry is a highly generalized and concise language art, which pays attention to the creation of artistic conception and images. Some authors' poems have no poetic flavor, and connecting the poems of branches together is prose, because they still don't understand the art of poetry and are not sure about its creation law. Writing novels pays attention to characterization. A novel, the task of characterization is completed, the characters are prominent, the flesh and blood are full, the characters are written alive, and the novel is successful. Some authors' novels only tell stories and don't create characters. After the story is finished, the characters still don't stand up, so the novel is a failure. Some writers focus on portraying characters, but because of their lack of observation of life, the characters they write are similar, giving people a sense of deja vu, which is unsuccessful. It is better not to experience the truth of life. Some writers are influenced by the "Three Highlights" of the Cultural Revolution, and their characters are all "Gao Daquan" characters, or they can't tell this from that because of their lack of in-depth understanding of colorful real life. Writing prose should pay attention to ideology, presence and poetry, which is a new prose theory I learned on the Internet in recent years. The so-called thought is that the thought is in place. If there is no thought, an essay is like boiled water, tasteless, and readers will not buy it. That kind of prose without theme is even more misleading. Thought is the god of prose, so-called spiritual dispersion. This god is thought. In China, we have a tradition of writing the Tao since ancient times, which was put forward by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty. The great achievement of China's pre-Qin prose lies in the profundity of his thoughts. The so-called presence means that the author is required to be at the scene of life, not to work on the spot, but to experience on the spot, to write about your feelings, your own experiences and your thoughts. This is different from writing a novel. Writing a novel requires the author to leave, and the farther away, the better. However, prose requires the presence of the author. Prose with a strong sense of scene must be prose with true feelings, profound life experiences and personal experiences of happiness or painful setbacks. The so-called poetry is to write prose with passion and poetic language, and the whole prose is full of strong poetic artistic conception.

About novels. This is an indispensable skill in literary and artistic creation. That is to say, under the guidance of a certain world outlook, in order to create an artistic image and express some feelings, the writer adjusts and sorts out the accumulated life materials, processes them, summarizes them centrally, and uses his rich imagination to create artistic conception and shape characters. Except reportage and documentary literature, all kinds of novels and poems can be fictional. However, fiction is by no means an arbitrary fabrication out of thin air, but a processing and transformation of real life with the help of analysis, synthesis and imagination. The characters and stories in the works are not only as real as real life, but also more intense, concentrated and artistic than real people in real life. In other words, when we use fiction, we must not fabricate it out of thin air, we must be based on the truth of life, we must reflect the essence of life, we must be good at discovering beauty, and we must be "not necessarily the fact that already exists, but the fact that will exist." A successful literary work is only successful if readers can see themselves or someone in the characters you create.

Someone asked me whether prose can be fictional. I think, on the whole, fiction is not allowed in prose, and the life of prose lies in truth. However, if life is reproduced or simulated by photography, it is not artistic reality. Since prose is an art created by processing, fiction should be allowed in some details, as well as names and places, and the characters inside need not be limited by their real names, so long as they conform to the logic of life, fiction is allowed. If prose pays attention to artistic truth, it must follow this law of creation and be based on real life. In other words, the basic material of prose is true, not false. The artistic conception and scene of prose are fictitious.

Excerpted from Baidu netizens, thank you.