Art reflects the principles of life.

First of all, several main theories about the occurrence of art in history.

(A) game theory

Game theory was put forward by Schiller, a German thinker in18th century, and Spencer, a British philosopher in19th century. Art historians once called this theory "Schiller-Spencer Theory".

Schiller believes that the real reason for the occurrence of art is the game impulse for the purpose of representation.

Why do you play games? Excess energy. Games are an outlet for excess energy. When people get rid of the actual utilitarian purpose, free games can be produced. It is this utilitarian and aimless free game that promotes the occurrence of art, and the random jump of joy gradually becomes a dance, and the voice from emotion gradually becomes a song.

Spencer further developed Schiller's theory. In his view, games and aesthetics have a common feature, that is, they can't directly help maintain life, and they have nothing to do with utility. Although the game has no actual utilitarian value, it has biological value for individuals and the whole nation.

Plekhanov made a fierce criticism of game theory in his book On Art.. He believes that labor precedes games and art, and there is labor first, then games, and then art.

(2) Witchcraft theory

Art originated from witchcraft and is the most influential theory in western art genesis since the twentieth century.

Witchcraft theory was first put forward by British anthropologist Taylor in the book Primitive Culture. Primitive art originates from primitive witchcraft, which is rooted in the primitive animist world view. He said: "the world view of savage warfare is to add the capricious role of ubiquitous personalized gods to all phenomena out of thin air ... ancient barbarians filled their homes, surrounding environment, vast ground and sky with these illusions." Fraser, another British anthropologist, divided this relationship into two categories in his masterpiece The Golden Branches: "Magic based on the law of similarity is called homeopathic witchcraft or simulated witchcraft". A spell based on contact or contact is called' contact witchcraft'. "Primitive people wanted a person to die, so they collected his nails, hair, eyebrows and saliva, glued them to human figures with beeswax, and baked them on the lamp flame for seven consecutive nights. Contact with the enemy's nails can be called "contact with witchcraft" and imitation of portraits can be called "imitation of witchcraft".

(3) Labor theory

Wallas Chek, Bishop and Shane all emphasized that the characteristic of music and dance is rhythm, and the rhythm of music and dance comes from the rhythm of labor, so labor is the direct driving force of art.

Plekhanov is in favor of the view that art occurs in labor. He said: "Primitive people always sing with them when they work. Tone and lyrics are completely secondary. Mainly the rhythm. The rhythm of the song just reproduces the rhythm of labor-music comes from labor. " He also said, "What determines the rhythm of obedience of producers in primitive society? Why does he just follow this rhythm instead of another? It depends on a certain production technology. In primitive tribes, every kind of labor has its own song, and the beat of the song always adapts to the rhythm of productive labor unique to this kind of labor very accurately. "

Second, the fundamental driving force for the occurrence of art

(A) productive labor practice has created the premise for the occurrence of art.

First of all, labor turns ape claws into human hands and ape brains into human brains, which is a decisive step in the transformation from apes to humans.

Secondly, labor promotes the production of language, and labor and language further promote the production of consciousness. "This is the last essential difference between man and other animals."

Third, labor promotes the manufacture of tools. After labor promoted the production of human hands, human brain, language and consciousness, after tens of millions of years of accumulation, it finally produced the most meaningful leap in the evolution of nature: the first stone knife was produced, and human beings became animals that made production tools. The emergence of tools is a sign that apes become people. Engels said: "Labor begins with making tools." He added, "What are the characteristics that distinguish human society from apes? It is labor. " Tools and labor before the emergence of human society are "budding labor". The appearance of tools and people transformed into "real labor" provides a prerequisite for the development of art. Only people's dexterous hands produce paintings and sculptures, people's voices produce moving songs, and people's limbs produce beautiful dances.

(2) Productive labor practice promotes the generation of thoughts and feelings and creates the first necessary condition for the occurrence of art. Labor is an activity in which people consciously and purposefully use tools and conquer nature to meet material needs.

The first result is that the result of labor is inconsistent with the original expectation, leading to the emergence of totem and witchcraft.

The second result: the result of labor is consistent with the original expectation, which leads to the occurrence of people's desire to conquer and create.

(3) Productive labor promotes the emergence and development of aesthetic consciousness and creates the second necessary condition for the occurrence of art. ..

Aesthetics is produced by human beings in productive labor practice. Did man become the first aesthetic object when he made the first stone knife to get rid of the animal kingdom? No. The first stone knife was only for practicality, not for beauty. Practical viewpoint precedes aesthetic viewpoint. The process of aesthetics has roughly gone through three stages: only practical but not aesthetic-both practical and aesthetic-only aesthetic.

The biggest historical leap in the process of aesthetic feeling is that people finally get rid of the practical value and utilitarian content of objects and only regard the form of objects as aesthetic objects.

Art, in a sense, is a spiritual product created by people with aesthetic value and expressing thoughts and feelings. Therefore, people are the premise of the occurrence of art, and aesthetics and emotion are the necessary conditions for the occurrence of art. When the preconditions and conditions are met, the occurrence of art is inevitable.

(D) Productive labor practice is the direct cause of primitive art.

Productive labor not only creates the premise and conditions for the occurrence of art, but also becomes the direct driving force for the occurrence of art.

Architectural art

Hegel said that the starting point of art history is architecture.

The leap from architecture to architectural art is the solidification of beauty and emotion in architecture.

Architecture. It is a great victory for human beings to conquer nature, an objectification of human essential strength, and it will bring great spiritual pleasure to people. Therefore, it should be beautified on the basis of practicality, so that architecture can enter the palace of art. In this way, the oldest art category of human beings is produced on the basis of labor.

formative arts

The main features of primitive plastic arts are: First, the theme is animals rather than plants, which is determined by primitive hunting life. Second, it is highly realistic. Depends on the primitive hunting life. Have a keen and correct observation ability for objective things; Have the creative ability to use sensory organs and motor organs.

Decorative art

The original decorative art is rooted in the original production practice.

The first kind is to simulate the shape of human or animal.

The second category is geometric figures.

The third category is the graphics engraved on weapons. It is a symbol of the tribe, which comes from hunting life.

dance

Primitive dance is a straightforward and powerful expression of primitive aesthetic feelings. There are two kinds: imitation and practice. Rooted in productive labor practice.

music

In the primary stage of human development, the most prominent feature of music is not melody, but rhythm. Most of them are dancers with distinct rhythm; The original musical instrument was percussion, grinding a hole in a stone, hanging it and making a simple rhythm.

Because rhythm is a prominent feature of primitive music, it can't express complex thoughts, so the trinity form of music, dance and poetry becomes inevitable.

poetic sentiment

Primitive people in collective labor, in order to coordinate actions, improve efficiency, exchange emotions and stimulate emotions, produced primitive poetry. The demand of primitive people in the process of labor is the direct motivation of primitive art.

Third, the historical process of artistic occurrence.

(A) the upper limit of art-the first tool created by human beings

Three million years ago, the first stone knife made by man was the first work of art.

From the appearance of tools to the occurrence of art, there are probably three stages, the first stage; Pure practical goods. The second stage: practical products and works of art, called "quasi-works of art" and "prehistoric works of art". The third stage: Pure art is the art of civilized society.

(B) the occurrence of "quasi-art"

It happened in the late Paleolithic period, based on hunting economy, about 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago. What happened was marked by the appearance of human body decorations, sculptures and rock paintings.

The prosperity of "quasi-art"

One of its characteristics is its transition and development. During 7000-5000 years, the society changed from hunting economy to primitive farming economy, and the lifestyle gradually stabilized from nomadism. Storing and processing grain requires various utensils, so a new kind of utensils-pottery came into being. There are four decorative patterns of pottery: one is plant pattern. The second is geometric patterns. The third category is animal patterns. These four categories are face patterns.

(D) The decline of "quasi-art" and the occurrence of art

About four or five thousand years ago, great social and economic changes took place, stone tools declined, and the use of metal tools profoundly affected many aspects of social life:

1, class came into being, and advanced production tools made society have surplus products.

2. The war of plunder came into being, and surplus products and private ideas came into being.

3. Religion has happened, and the witchcraft concept in primitive society is the bud of religion.

The objective law of art development in the second quarter

First, study the law of artistic development in history.

(A) the model theory of artistic development

The discussion on the artistic development mode mainly includes the following viewpoints:

One is that "creation-prosperity-decline" is the inevitable law of artistic development.

Secondly, it is considered that "negation of negation" is the inevitable law of artistic development.

Thirdly, it is believed that "bipolar change" is the inevitable law of artistic development.

(B) On the Motive Force of Art Development

What is more influential in history is the view of human nature. The theory of human nature is an idealistic historical view in the Renaissance, which holds that the ultimate cause of artistic development is human nature.

Second, the heteronomy of artistic development.

The heteronomy of artistic development mainly includes the following aspects:

(A) the economy is the decisive force and the ultimate reason for the development of art..

First, the economy determines the occurrence of art.

Second, the economy determines the nature of art.

Third, the economy determines the development of art.

Fourth, the imbalance between art and economic development.

According to Marx's exposition, the imbalance between artistic development and economic development is manifested in the following aspects:

First of all, compared with the historical development of different times, the development of art and economy is unbalanced.

Secondly, the horizontal comparison between different regions and different countries at the same time shows that the development of art and economy is unbalanced.

Third, comparing different kinds of art within art, the development of art and economy is unbalanced.

(2) Politics has a direct, significant and profound influence on the development of art.

Because political concentration represents the interests of the ruling class, it has the dominant spiritual strength and strong material strength. Therefore, politics can be both a powerful driving force to promote the prosperity of art and a great resistance to the decline of art.

(C) the impact of religion on the development of art.

Religion and art are like twin brothers, going hand in hand. In primitive society, primitive religion and primitive art are a mixture of chaos. There is an era of religious art in the history of the East and the West. In China, from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Dunhuang, Longmen, Yungang and other grottoes, he once created the brilliance of Buddhist art. In Europe, throughout the Middle Ages, architecture, sculpture, painting and book illustrations constituted the essence of Christian art. Hegel said that religion was the closest to art.

Religion has an influence on art;

1. Religion hinders the development of art, and religion denies art.

(1) Religion is a distorted reflection of social life; Art is a true reflection of social life.

(2) Religion needs a spiritual understanding of the other side of the world, and art needs an image expression of the real world and secular feelings.

(3) The object of religion is God; The object of art is comprehensive social life.

(4) Religion anesthetizes people's minds; Art is the textbook of life.

(5) Religion believes that its object, supernatural entity, is the real existence of gods; On the other hand, art does not believe in the real existence of the objects it creates.

2. Religion promotes the development of art:

(1) Religion and art are image reflections of social life. Although the images of God, Virgin and Angel are illusory, they are abstractions of social life.

(2) Both art and religion contain elements of emotion and illusion.

(3) Art and religion are comprehensive reflections of social life.

(4) Art and religion can soothe people's spirits and produce joy and hope.

3. Religion promotes the development of art:

(1) Religion promotes the development of art by breaking through the limitations of doctrine.

(2) Religion provides the theme for art, and many European works of art with religion as the theme go down in history. Such as: Giotto's The Birth of Maria, Escape to Egypt, Da Vinci's The Last Supper, Michelangelo's Genesis, The Last Judgment and so on.

(3) Religion is often the organizer of artistic production.

Religion has both negative and positive aspects for art.

(D) Morality has a great influence on the development of art.

First, I think morality and art are opposites, and morality has nothing to do with art.

Second, morality and art are exactly the same, and all art is a means of moral education.

Both of the above views are wrong. There are essential differences between them and they influence each other.

When artistic works express progressive moral standards and noble ideals and sentiments, they often have lasting and strong artistic appeal and promote the development of art.

Backward, decadent and ugly moral standards will hinder the healthy development of art.

(5) The influence of philosophy on artistic development.

(1) Philosophy influences the development of art through the intermediary of aesthetics.

(2) Philosophy influences the development of art through the intermediary of creative methods.

First of all, philosophical thinking determines the emergence of artistic creation methods.

Secondly, philosophical thinking determines the choice and change of artistic creation methods.

Finally, the contradiction of philosophical thoughts determines the contradiction of artistic creation methods.

Third, the self-discipline of artistic development.

(1) Historical inheritance is the universal law of artistic development.

The historical inheritance of artistic development is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:

First, the inheritance of the ideological content of works of art.

Second, the inheritance of the form of artistic works.

Third, the inheritance of art types and artistic creation methods.

(B) the historical reasons for the development of art.

First of all, it is determined by the continuity of the development of social material life.

The second is determined by the nature of art itself.

The third is determined by the task of artistic expression of life.

(3) the principle of inheriting artistic heritage

The principle of inheriting artistic heritage is to take its essence and discard its dross.

Adhere to the principle of critical inheritance, and oppose "affirming everything" (manifested as retro-ism) and "denying everything" (manifested as nihilism).

Conditions and types of artistic heritage

The conditions of artistic inheritance determine the types of artistic heritage inheritance. There are two types:

1. Inheritance is gradually continuing the same artistic style.

2. Leap-forward inheritance of different artistic styles.

(5) Innovation is the inevitable law of artistic development.

1, innovation is determined by the task of art.

2. Innovation is determined by the essence of art..

3. Innovation is determined by the aesthetic needs of the appreciator.

4. Innovation is determined by the uniqueness of the artist's personality and thoughts and feelings.

(six) the performance of innovation in the process of artistic development

1. As far as art works are concerned, innovation can be manifested in the innovation of content and form of art works.

2. From the artist's point of view, innovation can be manifested as surpassing others and self.

3. As far as the degree of innovation is concerned, innovation can be divided into innovation in the continuation of the same artistic style and innovation in the transformation of different artistic styles. (7) The relationship between inheritance and innovation in the process of artistic development.

1, innovation is the purpose of inheritance.

2. Inheritance is the foundation of innovation.

Section III: Internationality and Nationality of Art

First, the pluralistic existence of art of all nationalities in the world.

(A) the nationality of art

It is the artistic particularity formed by expressing the essential characteristics of the nation.

(B) the root of artistic nationality

Diversity of national arts.

Due to the particularity of multi-ethnic social life, the difference of national spirit will inevitably lead to the diversity of national art.

Second, the mutual influence and integration of national arts.

(A) the inevitability of national art exchanges with each other

(B) the performance of the mutual influence of national arts

1, national artistic thoughts influence each other in content.

2. The mutual influence of national art forms.

(C) the conditions for the mutual influence of national arts

1, the similarity of national social life

2. The possibility of ethnic communication.

(d) The process of mutual influence of national arts:

The first step is to "introduce" foreign art intact.

The second step is to identify the essence and dross of foreign art, absorb the essence and discard the dross.

The third step is to organically combine foreign art with national art, which is also a law of artistic development.

Third, the dialectical relationship between artistic nationality and cosmopolitanism.

(A) from national art to world art

From the Renaissance to the 20th century, it is a great era for oriental art to meet on the world stage, and it is also a great era for national art to go to the world art. ..

(2) World art

World art is not an independent art above national art, but a national art, which is characterized by:

1. World art is a national art rewarded by the whole world.

2. World art is a national art that expresses "the general nature of human beings".

3. World art refers to the national art that expresses the same beauty of human beings.

(3) the relationship between the world and the nationality of art.

The world and nationality of art are dialectical unity with both differences and connections.

Connection is that everything in the world belongs to the country. Without a nation, there would be no world.

The difference is that there are conditions for national art to become a world art. Only by profoundly expressing the "commonness of human beings" and the similarity and beauty of human beings and truly reflecting the social development trend and the spirit of the times can national art become an art appreciated by all nationalities in the world.

(4) The significance of the principle of dialectical unity of the world and nationality of art to the development of socialist art..

This principle plays an important guiding role in developing socialist art;

1, socialist art must adhere to the national form.

2. Adhere to the openness of socialist art .. Learn all the excellent arts in the world and combine them with the artistic traditions of our nation, make foreign things serve China, and create new and more advanced socialist art to meet the needs of socialist spiritual civilization construction.

The Social Essence of Art

Art is a special social ideology and a special form of spiritual production. Through production practice, it reflects the whole social life of human beings from the material world to the spiritual world. Production is related to ideological relations, creating beautiful spiritual products and meeting the spiritual aesthetic needs of human beings. Sociality is the primary essence and the first level essence of art.

First, the position of art in society.

(1) Art is a social ideology and a superstructure of economic base.

Art, a social thing, is a social ideology relative to material relations; It is based on a certain economic foundation, and is fundamentally a superstructure determined by the economic foundation. It reflects and reacts on the economic base.

Several different social ideologies and their * * *

The superstructure consists of two parts: 1, political and legal systems and corresponding systems and measures.

2. Social ideology.

Social ideology mainly refers to: political views, legal views, moral concepts, as well as philosophy, religion, art, various emotions, fantasies and so on.

The development of different social ideologies such as politics, law, religion, philosophy, literature and art is based on economic development. But they all affect each other and the economic base. Socialist literature and art are restricted and decided by the socialist economic base, serving the socialist economic base, developing social productive forces and promoting social progress. This is the true meaning of "literature and art should serve the people and socialism".

(3) Art is a special social ideology.

Art, literature, religion and philosophy are special ideologies that are "higher", "hanging in the air" and "farther away from the material economic base" among different ideologies. Politics, law and morality belong to the "intermediate link" between ideology such as art and economic foundation.

(4) Art is connected with economic base through "intermediate links", and its relationship with "intermediate links" is direct and close. As an art with special ideology, its relationship with economic base is not direct, but through "intermediate links" such as politics, law and morality.

1, the relationship between art and politics

Politics to art is an interactive relationship in the field of superstructure, not a relationship between decision and decision, nor a parallel relationship. The economic base mainly affects art through the intermediary of politics, and art also reacts to the economic base through the intermediary of politics.

2. The relationship between art and morality

Morality is a social life norm formed by people according to their social status and class relations. It can guide people's general speech and actions, and also influence the artist's ideology and its reflection on social life in his works of art.

The relationship between art, politics, morality and other "intermediate links" is the mutual influence and interaction in the field of superstructure. On the one hand, they are not the relationship between decision and decision; On the other hand, the relationship between art and economic base must go through "intermediate links", so the influence is inevitable.

(5) The relationship between art and ideology such as religion and philosophy.

Art and them are mutually influenced, interacted and infiltrated.

1, the relationship between art and religion

Art and religion are two different social ideologies, which have influenced each other in a certain historical period. Under certain historical conditions, when religion becomes the dominant social ideology, religion has a great influence on art, and art also reflects certain religious concepts and influences religion. What ultimately determines the development of religion and art is the economic base, which reflects and depends on the economic base. 2. The relationship between art and philosophy

As a kind of world outlook, philosophy will inevitably have an impact on the interaction of artistic creation. Art should not only reflect certain philosophical concepts, but also have a positive impact on the formation of a certain world outlook.

Second, art and social life.

(A) Art comes from social life and is a reflection of social life.

Art reflects a comprehensive social life.

Art reflects a comprehensive social life, a comprehensive reflection of various fields and things in social life.

Third, art and social production.

(A) Art is a form of production

Art is not only a social ideology, but also a form of production.

(2) Art is a special form of production, that is, spiritual production.

As a form of production, art also has the general nature of production; As a productive labor activity, artistic creation also has practicality, purpose, perception, controllability of technological process, selectivity of materials and media, performance of the whole productive labor process and so on. Products are works of art, similar to general material products, and have the duality of commodity with use value and exchange value. But the essence of artistic production is spiritual production, which is a form of spiritual production.

(C) the essence and significance of art as "artistic production"

Art reflects social life and aesthetic comprehension, emotion and life ideal.

As "artistic production", art is a free spiritual production, and aesthetic creation is its essential feature.

Section 2 The Cognitive Essence of Art

First, art "grasps" the world in a unique way.

(1) Art is an understanding of the world.

Art is a reflection of social life, and it is actually an understanding of social life and the world.

(2) Art "grasps" the world in a unique way.

1. The difference between art and religion

Religion's "way of dominating the world" or the way of reflecting social life mainly reverses reality through illusory concepts such as "Buddha", "Bodhisattva", "God" and "Allah".

The way of art is to truly understand the world and reflect social life. Authenticity is the life of art, and all excellent works of art have certain authenticity.

As a religious object, God shows the alienation of human nature. When people worship it, they can only feel a huge force oppressing themselves. The artistic image shows the objectification of people's essential strength. While people appreciate the beauty of art, they also realize their own essential strength, thus gaining aesthetics.

2. The difference between art and philosophy

Philosophy is essentially seeking truth. In the pursuit of truth or authenticity, it is completely different from religion, but it is the same or similar to art ... but in the way of mastering the world, philosophy and art are completely different.

Philosophy is abstract, and the image of art is tangible, vivid and vivid.

Philosophy mainly acts on people's rationality, art acts on people's rationality, and also strongly acts on people's emotions, giving people aesthetic enjoyment.

Second, art reflects the world with images.

Art is essentially different from other social ideologies, and the most basic point is the concrete and sensible image.

(A) Image is the basic feature of art.

Artistic image has three characteristics: concreteness, generality and appeal.

(2) Artistic image is the unity of sensibility and rationality.

The unity of sensibility and rationality is an important feature of artistic image.

(3) Artistic image is the unity of subjective and objective.

Artistic image is created by artists according to their unique aesthetic comprehension of social life, which has both the root of objective real life and subjective consciousness, and is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity.

Third, art reflects the authenticity of the world.

The authenticity of artistic image is the basic requirement of all excellent works of art.

(A) Art reflects the authenticity of the objective world-the reappearance of reality.

The image of a work of art should conform to the reality of the objective things it reflects and the reality of social life it reflects. This is the basic requirement and characteristic of general reproduction or reproduction art.

(2) Art reflects the authenticity of the subjective world-the true expression of expression means that artists use artistic expressions to express their emotional experiences and aesthetic ideals. In terms of creative techniques, they emphasize the ideal and emotional expression of the object or abandon specific images, pursue the contents and concepts of extrasensory feelings, and often use artistic languages such as symbol, implication, exaggeration, deformation and abstraction to break through the experience habits of feelings; In the creative tendency, it emphasizes the expression of subjective consciousness and directly expresses the mind. Expressive art is another major trend in the history of Chinese and foreign art, with the characteristics of shocking, highly generalized and not seeking similarities. The authenticity of art includes two interrelated and unified aspects: a, reflecting the reality of the objective world or reproducing the reality. B, reflect the reality of the subjective world or the reality of performance.

(3) highly realistic artistic image and artistic model

Section 3 Aesthetic Essence of Art

Aesthetics is the fundamental nature that distinguishes art from other social things.

First, the relationship between art and beauty

(A) art reflects the beauty of reality

Art creates artistic beauty.

Art can not only reflect the beauty of reality, but also create artistic beauty, and can transform what was unattractive or ugly in reality into artistic beauty through the conscious function of the subject.

(C) Art is the aesthetic object

As a social ideology, art is a reflection of the beauty of reality and the whole social life. As a special form of spiritual production, art is also the production of artistic works and the creation of artistic beauty; Once a work of art is created, it becomes materialized social and cultural wealth and becomes the aesthetic object of the viewer.

Second, the aesthetic nature of art

(A) the aesthetic relationship between man and reality

Aesthetic relationship: as the aesthetic subject, people discover, perceive, know and appreciate its beauty in the aesthetic object through aesthetic practice, or grasp its other aesthetic characteristics, such as sublime, funny and ugly.

The aesthetic relationship between man and reality is the aesthetic relationship between aesthetic subject and aesthetic object.

(B) the essence of beauty and the essence of aesthetic feeling

The artistic beauty of works of art is a trinity of truth, goodness and beauty, which is highly unified.

The aesthetic concept formed on the basis of aesthetics is the root of aesthetic feeling. When the beauty of objective things conforms to the aesthetic concept of the aesthetic subject, it produces the feeling and touch of beauty, which is both sensory comfort and rational satisfaction, and the whole body and mind feel happy, which is aesthetic feeling.

(3) Art is the expression of the artist's aesthetic concept.

Art is the artist's expression of real life aesthetic comprehension. Art reflects real life, natural beauty and social beauty in reality, but it is neither objective real life nor beauty in reality; But through the artist's aesthetic consciousness, reflect the beauty in real life and real life, and convey and express his aesthetic concept through material means. Art is essentially an expression of the artist's aesthetic consciousness or concept.

Third, the role and position of emotion in art

(A) the general aesthetic characteristics of art

1, practicality and subjectivity

2. Purpose and regularity

Step 3 visualize

4. Formal beauty and feeling.

5. Creativity

6. Emotional

(B) the emotional characteristics of art

All literature and art are emotional arts, and there is no art without emotion.

In aesthetics, emotion is an important part of aesthetics. Without the feeling and emotion of beauty, it is not beauty.

Chapter II Art Category Theory

[Teaching Purpose and Requirements] Understand the diversity of art categories and the basic situation of major art categories, and understand and master the most scientific division method of art categories (A performing arts: music, dance, acrobatics; B plastic arts: painting, sculpture, craft, architecture, gardens, bonsai, makeup, photography, calligraphy, seal cutting and modern design; C language arts: poetry, novels, essays, Quyi literature, opera literature, radio literature, film literature and TV literature; D Comprehensive art: Quyi, traditional Chinese opera, film, television, network art) Fully understand the fundamental characteristics of major art categories and their relationships.

[Importance of teaching]