Common photographic techniques

Common photography skills, with the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the smart phones we use every day have also made a qualitative leap in photography performance. At the same time, various cameras and lenses are being used more and more. As a photography enthusiast, you must know these common photography skills!

Common photographic techniques 1 1: the most plump-three-point composition

Triangular composition may be the most commonly used composition method in landscape photography. Many good landscape photography works are composed of foreground, middle scene and background, or foreground. This composition method can well represent the level of the scene and fill the picture full. This photo was taken in Tianshan Ranch, Xinjiang. The photographer cut out a large piece of nature with a telephoto lens and divided the whole picture into three parts. The wild flowers in the grassland in the foreground are bright yellow, which is different from the scene and background in the middle. Cattle and sheep on the green grassland in the middle scene become the eyes of this painting, and the grassland in the foreground is mottled with light and shadow, which has a certain perspective effect. This way of composition is clear and full. It is always an important step to make full use of the lines and colors existing in nature to find points, lines and faces.

Two: the most interesting-diagonal composition

In landscape photography, you must exercise yourself and try to look at the world with abstract geometric eyes. You will find that nature itself is a bit, line and surface. Imagine if you look at a photo, all the lines in the photo are horizontal and straight. Although it can bring you a sense of calm and balance, it will also make the picture boring and tired. So look for curves and diagonal lines to destroy the picture and make it interesting. Diagonal composition is a very common way, allowing the edges of lines or scenes to be separated by diagonal lines. The following photo was taken on a section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway. In the alpine valley, the brown mountain is cut off by a black asphalt road, and the winding road extends from the lower left corner of the picture to the upper right corner of the picture, that is, the plane divides the picture, forming a good visual guide line, which makes the whole picture have a sense of perspective. Pay attention to the motorcades on the highway. These cars look small against the big mountains. They play a role in expressing the proportion of scenery in the picture, and also add a little vitality to the desolate scenery.

Three: the most abundant-using the framework

How to take a plane photo full of three-dimensional depth? In fact, you only need to take some real or invisible frames as the foreground in the picture to frame the theme you want to express, which will make the picture have a strong perspective effect. For example, frame a person with a door and a building with a window. Of course, you can't use this trick in all situations. If the picture frame itself has no certain aesthetic feeling or is irrelevant to the theme, don't use it. However, when some pictures are closely related to the theme, can enrich your picture content, or help to express the atmosphere of a scene, you can boldly use them.

Sometimes, the frame is not only a simple visual element in composition, but also carries more functions and meanings. The foreground we use most often is frame objects, such as doorframes, window frames, branches, arches, and the edges of buildings, which can form a sense of composition. There are also many commonly used foreground elements, which are very useful in expressing the relationship between depth of field and perspective, such as large-area colors and moving flowers and plants, which can set off the atmosphere by blurring.

This photo was taken at the site of Ali Guge Kingdom in Tibet. The main building of this site is in the shape of a pyramid on a soil forest. If you show it alone in the picture, it is not bad under the light blue sky in Tibet, but it always feels less interesting. Using a hole in the earth wall as a frame, the audience's eyes can easily focus on the theme behind the frame. This frame composition is very suitable for showing such historical buildings.

Four: the most concise-minimalist blank space

If painting is addition, then photography is subtraction, especially in landscape photography, only by removing messy scenery and redundant elements can we get natural scenery. Blank space was originally the most commonly used creative language in China ink painting, and it still works when transplanted into photography. A large area of blank space, because of the proportion of simple scenery, appears ethereal and lonely, just like the picture of a tree on this snowy field. Blank can better reflect the beauty of oriental artistic conception in silence than in sound, and is often used in photo photography. Everyone may wish to try this method when creating landscape photography, which will make your photography full of artistic conception and express different emotions. When composing a composition, pay attention to choosing specific and formal scenes to set off the blank space. Minimalism is not empty, but it can also be rich.

Five: the most symmetrical-mirror symmetry

The mirror effect is very charming, as if it is magical, and it is also a composition effect that photographers often use when shooting landscapes. Perfect and symmetrical mirror effect is very aesthetic in form. There are many scenes in nature that have specular reflection effect, and the calm water surface is the most common one. I even found the perfect mirror effect on the car body. Symmetry is necessary when taking a mirror photo. The perfect symmetry effect of dividing the picture into two makes the ordinary scenery like a fairyland. When taking mirror photos, we should pay attention to balance the light ratio between the actual scene and the water reflection scene. Generally, the brightness of the actual scene in the upper part of the picture will be brighter than that of the reflected scene. Generally, the gray gradient mirror can be used to balance the light ratio and achieve perfect symmetry effect.

Six: the most fuzzy-fuzzy occlusion

In fact, blurred foreground should be a manifestation of picture composition. By using a large aperture or telephoto lens, the foreground can be blurred, and color blocks or spots can be formed, so that the original ordinary scene can become an element of composition and contrast atmosphere in the picture. In the picture below, the photographer blurred the colorful flags in the foreground into irregular blocks, focused on the distant snow-capped mountains, and combined two important elements of Tibetan areas into a picture, which also improved the two levels of the picture, so it is said to be two levels, one is the depth of field, and the other is the taste and aesthetics of the picture.

Seven: the most perspective-far perspective

A photo is flat, but the scenery can have depth. How to express the depth of the scene? This requires the perspective principle. There are many perspective lines in natural scenery that guide people's eyes to the theme of the picture, such as this picture of a snowy mountain river. The winding curve of the river leads the viewer's eyes to the distant snow-capped mountains, which well reflects the depth of the scenery and makes the whole picture look very deep. The combination of wide-angle lens and larger aperture is generally used to shoot such a picture, so as to obtain greater depth of field.

Commonly used photography skill 2 1, blurring is a very practical performance in portrait photography.

It can be seen that the blur effect can further highlight the subject and make your photos more "advanced", which is very practical in still life and portrait photography. There are three factors that affect blur: aperture, focal length and position. Among them, the larger the aperture and the longer the focal length, the more obvious the blur effect of the photo, which is a cliche. If you want to shoot a blurred feeling, a large aperture or telephoto lens is a good equipment choice.

Even ordinary leaves on the roadside will look quite good after blurring the background.

What needs to be said separately is the third element, which is the seat. Specifically, under the premise of ensuring normal composition, try to keep your camera close to the subject, keep the photo background away from the subject, and blur the background to the maximum extent. For the convenience of understanding, I made a simple diagram.

The shorter the distance 1 and the longer the distance 2, the more obvious the blurring effect will be.

In fact, the shooting method is very simple: let the camera, the subject and the background be on the same horizontal line as far as possible (it doesn't matter if it is slightly tilted), and at the same time ensure that the shorter the distance is 1, the longer the distance is. Reasonable seats, suitable equipment and blurred photos can be said to be handy.

2, about long exposure: teach you to easily shoot the light track effect.

Long exposure, also known as slow door photography, records the trajectory of an object through a low-speed shutter. In this way, you can shoot wonderful effects that people can't see. Usually, in the city photography we see, the traffic on the road often appears as light traces, which is the credit of long exposure. Long exposure also allows us to shoot at low sensitivity in a sufficiently dark environment, which indirectly ensures the clarity of the picture.

In addition to the optical track, long exposure can also take the satin effect of the water flow.

In terms of equipment, first you need a shooting equipment that can adjust the exposure time. Now SLR, micro-single and even mobile phones can realize this function. In addition, it is necessary to keep the camera stable enough to avoid the displacement of the scene in the photo during the long exposure, so a tripod is necessary.

3, bird trick: easily capture the moment of object movement.

The long exposure we mentioned earlier is to record the trajectory of the object through a low-speed shutter, but to capture the moment, we need to freeze the moment of the object's movement through a high-speed shutter. In normal shooting, pets, parents, sports, animal photography and other subjects all need to use high-speed shutter, so it can be said that it is a skill that must be mastered.

Focus chasing and snapshot require high equipment, so it is recommended to use professional-grade fuselage with telephoto lens.

First of all, I want to talk about equipment selection. If you want to capture fast objects such as pets and racing cars, it is recommended to choose high-end SLR or micro-single models. Continuous shooting speed should be above 7 frames per second or even higher, and focus tracking performance should be brilliant enough to ensure the success rate of the film. In addition, a high-quality telephoto lens is also a necessary equipment. As for whether it is 70-200mm or 100-400mm or even further, you should make a choice according to the specific shooting scene.

Because the subject is constantly moving, the focus mode of the camera must be turned on.

Let's talk about the fuselage setting. I want to emphasize here that you must remember to switch to the continuous autofocus mode (AF-C on the camera, and Canon is AI servo), because the subject has been shifting in continuous shooting, so you must turn on the focus mode to prevent "losing" the subject. Then keep the center of the lens aimed at the subject when shooting, and keep pressing the shutter to pursue shooting.

Under normal circumstances, "safe shutter speed" refers to the reciprocal of the actual focal length.

Finally, the shutter speed should reach the "safe shutter" or even higher. The concept of safety shutter may not be clear to many players. Usually, the actual shutter speed is higher than the reciprocal of the current focal length. For example, if you shoot with a focal length of 200mm, your safety shutter is 1/200s, and the actual shutter speed needs to be faster than 1/200s to reduce the chance of filming.