How did black models enter art history?

Black people are indigenous to Africa and Oceania. In fact, African residents created splendid culture and art long ago, such as ancient Egypt more than 5,000 years ago. In plastic arts, they created simple, rough, mysterious and exaggerated stone carvings and wood carvings, which can be regarded as the earliest plastic arts in human history, much earlier than ancient Greek sculptures.

African wood carving

Especially in Africa, wood carving art is the best. Until today, Africans still carve their favorite wood carving art. These wood carvings are based on real life and show the scenes of men and women of all ethnic groups during sacrifice, hunting, labor and eating. They are very vivid and original African customs. Women, without exception, have breast enhancement and buttocks augmentation, showing a very strong sense of reproductive worship.

Gauguin's Where Are We From?

However, Africa's influence in the world is too weak. Even though they have a long history of national art, they can't go out of Africa and can only be popular locally.

Since modern times, European powers have plundered colonies in Africa, Oceania, South America and other places, and at the same time brought European cultural ideas into these areas. These areas have maintained their unique original flavor because they have long been biased towards the center of the world, which has aroused the strong interest of western artists. Since18th century, many western painters have entered countries and regions near the equatorial line, where they collected folk songs and created them.

Gauguin's Wandering Soul

Among these artists, the post-impressionist painter Gauguin (1848- 1903) is the most representative. In the last 10 years of his life, he lived in Tahiti in the South Pacific for art, lived with indigenous blacks, and created many oil paintings about the lifestyle and mental state of blacks, and these oil paintings became the most important of Gauguin.

Matisse dance

Gauguin used a large number of black models to create oil paintings, and then these works were exhibited in Paris, London, Milan and other cities, which caused great repercussions, and artists had to re-examine the unique original beauty of blacks. Black women tend to have big breasts and fat hips, and their bodies are bumpy. They are called "black pearls" by artists, and men are strong and tough, which is a good material to show the beauty of masculinity.

African wood carving

Therefore, since the middle and late19th century, a large number of black models have been included in the artistic aesthetic object, and later western oil painting masters such as Matisse, Ponar, Dylan and Monk have painted many black works. Nowadays, black models have become a beautiful landscape in the art circle.

When it comes to the public's understanding of art, apart from the masters of the Renaissance, Impressionism is the most widely known. Of course, impressionist history, painting style and its revolutionary nature are also the contents that art history students must learn. One of the lessons must be about MANET, a master painter who is not a formal member of Impressionism, but is the most rebellious.

Manet's "Olympia" has always been the favorite analysis content of art history teachers. What is the identity of the woman in white in the picture? Why has she taken off her clothes and is still wearing shoes and jewelry? Why did she dress up as giorgione and Titian's Venus? Why are her eyes facing the audience? But about another model in the picture-a black slave holding flowers, it is rarely mentioned. Even T.J. Clark, a famous art theorist and author of A Portrait of Modern Life, thinks that to understand Olympia correctly, we should consider class relations, but not necessarily gender and race.

But this is not necessarily MANET's idea. To fully understand "modern life", we must consider the new social order and ethnic relations. Manet traveled to Brazil when he was young. He witnessed black women being bought and sold in the slave market. 1848, France abolished slavery, which not only liberated the black slaves who had already lived in France, but also encouraged African black French colonies to seek a new life in the suzerain country to some extent. Laurie, a black woman in Olympia, became a member of the new black community in Paris under such circumstances.

Manet also painted a portrait of Lor. In this unfinished work, Lor looks elegant and dignified wearing a headscarf and jewelry. However, apart from being MANET's model, we still know very little about Lor's life-and "worthy of the name" is Baudelaire's muse, a dancer and actress from Haiti, Jenny Duval. Baudelaire's mistress wrote in 1862. Dewar in the painting is dressed in the typical costume of French upper-class women, and her sitting posture is somewhat stiff (it is said that she was almost blind at that time). Dewar is of Haitian and French descent. When he first arrived in France at the age of twenty, he met the great poet Baudelaire and spent almost the rest of his life together. Baudelaire wrote many poems for her, such as Balcony, Exotic Perfume and Snake Dance. Is Baudelaire's infatuation with Dewar, as the Sudanese writer Tayeb Salih wrote in his masterpiece "Merry Theory", that what European whites are obsessed with is only the exotic customs unique to blacks, but the root is actually prejudice and stereotype? We don't know.

The three works mentioned above all appeared in the exhibition "Putting on Modernity: From Manet and Matisse to Today's Black Models", which provided an opportunity for us to systematically sort out the history of black models in painting. At present, the exhibition is being held at the Wallech Art Museum of Columbia University (2065438+200865438+124 October -2065438+2009 10 February) and will be exhibited at the Musee d 'Orsay, France (2065438+26 March-/kloc- The curator of the exhibition is Denise Mahrer, and the starting point of the exhibition is her research on the history of black models in her doctoral thesis.

As can be seen from the name of the exhibition, another highlight of this exhibition is Matisse. Like an old French master like Delacroix, Matisse also went to North Africa to collect folk songs. 1916-1917 years, Matisse painted two works about black models, which showed that black women working in the circus were interested in Elsa's goblet (a? Cha goblet) and Italian white female model Lorette. The interaction between them is very intimate under Matisse's relaxed brushwork. The exhibition also shows Matisse's many trips to the United States in the1930s, when harlem renaissance was in full swing, and Matisse was greatly inspired by black art in new york. After World War II, Matisse hired three black models to draw illustrations for Baudelaire's Flower Season. This woman named Elvir Josephine Van Hyfte is also a model in Matisse's oil painting The Woman in White.

Recently, a considerable number of black artists deconstructed the traditional methods of white men depicting female models in their artistic practice, in order to question the gender and racial order in the traditional "gaze". So the most interesting part of the exhibition is the third part-the performance of black modernists to black models.

Portraits of black women are more diverse. William H. Johnson used bold painting skills to create a portrait of a woman in a blue and white striped coat. Ding, a very beautiful black woman 1 (DIN, a very beautiful black woman # 1) written by Mikalin Thomas, the woman in the picture is very fashionable; Romare Bearden's patchwork shows a black slave lying face down, using a unique black cloth splicing method. In addition to portraits, black painters also reviewed the artistic creation of early modernism. For example, in Faith Ringgold's "Model of Matisse", several paintings and portraits of Matisse appeared.

In today's paintings and other forms of artistic works, people of all ages, nationalities, races and occupations can be seen. As painting themes and expressive elements, they have no order or rank. However, only through the history of black painting can we know that the world is not always like this, but is paved step by step by the efforts of predecessors.

At that time, you couldn't keep warm without good clothes, shoes and socks, and because of malnutrition and low fat, you felt particularly cold.

Black has its own characteristics. Blake entered the modeling world.

Hello, everyone. I think black people are famous for three reasons. Please read it.

1. Black people have a unique artistic charm and bohemian atmosphere. Please refer to Michael Jackson in figure 1.

2. The proportion of black people is harmonious. Although the appearance is not outstanding, there is a harmonious and magnificent beauty. Refer to fig. 2.

3. Because of racial reasons, both whites and yellow people are angry, so if blacks are not angry, they will be sorry for the concept of racial equality advocated by the United Nations.

Hello, I'm Liu Huaqiang, the king of entertainment melons.

Because of their innate physical advantages.

Black absorbs light better.

Because the proportion of black people is relatively harmonious, and the wild style of black people and the impression of hip-hop street can fit the theme of clothes very well. And to some extent, it will make you subconsciously feel that it will look good in it (there is absolutely no discrimination against blacks here), but the most important thing is that the proportion of blacks is good.

Body proportion, visual line demand, body structure and race are more prominent, followed by the demand for commercial products of skin color.

Maybe it's because it's relatively novel, matte black and reflective black. After all, it is more eye-catching.