Chen Cang shows the darkness of meridian; It is also the only successful example of Liu Bang's decision to Guanzhong.

In the military history of China, Han Xin's return from Hanzhong to Guanzhong is the only successful example. Four hundred years later, Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions from Hanzhong and tried to repeat the history of that year, all of which ended in failure. This also proves from the opposite side that Han Xin's skillful use of troops and the difficulty of this battle is a miracle in military history.

The success of Han Xin's counterattack from Hanzhong is a key step for Liu Bang Group to break through the blockade, move from hardship to development, and from extinction to light. Without the success of World War I, Liu Bang Group would have been trapped in the Shu-Han area and exhausted in the rich and closed land of abundance. From then on, there would be no Han Empire and no "Wind Song" in China history. On the contrary, there will be one more king of Shu, Liu Bang, and one more song "Being happy in Shu and not thinking about home".

In the military history of China, Han Xin's return from Hanzhong to Guanzhong is the only successful example. Four hundred years later, Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions from Hanzhong and tried to repeat the history of that year, all of which ended in failure. This also proves from the opposite side that Han Xin's skillful use of troops and the difficulty of this battle is a miracle in military history. Han Xin's great prestige among the officers and men of the Han army was thus established.

However, how the Guanzhong war was launched is still inconclusive. Due to the brief omissions in the history books, we basically don't understand. Especially for the key to win the war, that is, how Han Xin commanded the Han army to cross the natural barrier of Qinling Mountains, break through the blockade of Zhang Han, and enter Guanzhong on a large scale, is a historical mystery. Historical Records of the Emperor Gaozu recorded the whole war to pacify Guanzhong, using only 68 words. "In August, Hanwang took advantage of Han Xin's plan to go back to the old road and attack Zhang Han, the king of harmony. Han meets Han Chencang and Yong Bing is defeated, but he still leaves. He stopped playing hard, lost again, and went to the abandoned hill. Hanwang then decided to live in harmony. East to Xianyang, led troops around the waste hills in Wang Yong, and sent troops to Longxi, Beidi and Shang Jun. "Among them, the crucial event of crossing the Qinling Mountains from Hanzhong to Guanzhong has only four words," Return to the old road ". Behind the appearance of cherishing ink like gold is a helpless historical gap.

When the truth is silent, rumors arise. When the historian flinched, the storyteller stepped forward. In the Yuan Dynasty, anonymous Jean Han Xin sang in the opera Darkness of Chencang: "I can darken the ancient Chencang road with Fan Kuai. This Chu soldier doesn't know if he is wise, so he must arrange troops to guard the plank road. I cut the ancient Chencang Road and killed it unexpectedly. " As soon as this song was sung, history changed again and again. Since then, Han Xin.

The history of "relapse" was sung as the history of "building Ming Dow to hide the truth", which was later summarized as the eighth of the 36 plans and became a familiar idiom and allusion for China people.

When a lie is repeated a hundred times, it is regarded as truth. Ming Xiu plank road, the person in charge is Fan Kuai, at the praise ramp. Now to Hanzhong, there is a Fanhe River next to the ramp of June 8th, and there is a Fanhe cable bridge on the river. According to legend, it was built by Fan Kuai when he was repairing the plank road, and there is a "New Fanhe Tiesuo Bridge Monument" next to the bridge, which was built in the 15th year of Qing Daoguang (1835). There is indeed physical evidence, but they are all sightseeing buildings rumored to have been built since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The explanation of Han Xin's "Return from the Old Road" is not only briefly recorded in Historical Records, but also the earliest historical material is the stone tablet "Qian Wei Yang Junsong, a captain of Han Li Si" in the second year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (148). The inscription was written by Wang Sheng, then the magistrate of Hanzhong, and is now in the Hanzhong Museum. The inscription reads: "Gaozu was ordered to prosper Hanzhong, and the road went from meridian to Qin." This means that Liu Bang, the ancestor of Emperor Gaozu, resigned himself and rose to Hanzhong, and the road passed through the meridian, from junior year to Qin Zhong.

The pass on Chencang Road, the Great Three Pass, is in the southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi Province today, and the site is still there. There is no doubt that Han Xin's army entered the Guanzhong area in this way. Meridian is meridian. It is not clear whether Liu Bangjun passes through Hanzhong or Hanzhong. Some historians suspect that this ambiguous expression may imply that Han Xinjun also went to the meridian.

Hantai site, which is said to be the place where Liu Bang built a palace for Hanwang, is now the seat of Hanzhong Museum. There are many stone tablets in the collection that are worth seeing, among them, the stone tablet that "Han will send a message" was "scattered into Qin" by the Han army. As the saying goes, the past is not forgotten, and the future is a teacher. Just look at the past records and you can identify today's gains and losses. However, history uses the reverse view of time from the present to the past, and we can also understand the past by studying the details of the future. The History of the Three Kingdoms and Shu records that when Wei Yan accompanied Zhuge Liang to attack Guanzhong from Hanzhong, he repeatedly suggested that Han Xin's Story March, that is, he adopted the strategy of Han Xin's counterattack against Guanzhong in those days, and divided his troops into two ways. He personally commanded 10,000 soldiers to surprise Chang 'an through the meridian road, shaking Guanzhong and attracting Wei Jun's attention. In view of this, Zhuge Liang led the army from the west, and the two armies attacked each other and joined forces to conquer Guanzhong in one fell swoop. Zhuge Liang's cautious use of force is not his strong point. He rejected Wei Yan's suggestion and advanced with an upright soldier. After five failed Northern Expeditions, Wang Ye fell to Wuzhangyuan on the way, leaving a lasting regret.

It is often said that history cannot be assumed. In fact, hypothesis is an effective method often used in history. Will Zhuge Liang succeed if he accepts Wei Yan's suggestion and adopts Han Xin's strategy of counterattacking Guanzhong? Things have changed, so it's hard to comment. However, Han Xin counterattacked Guanzhong and did not send Indiana Jones out of the Meridian Road, which can be proved by Wei Yan's suggestion. Guan Ying, a famous soldier of Liu Bangjun, led many raids by elite troops of the Han army. In the war against Guanzhong, he did not lead an army to fight in the western part of Guanzhong, but went straight into the central and eastern parts of Guanzhong to capture Liyang, forcing Serbian king Sima Xin to surrender. It can be inferred from this that perhaps he led the raiders of Meridian Road?

August 20 10, I visited Guanzhong again with history. First go to Xianyang to find the Miyagi of the first emperor, then go to Changling to look at Baoji in the west and Lintong in the east, imagining the uneasy scene of Zhang Han looking around the abandoned mound [1]. I crossed the Weihe River, crossed Chang 'an, entered the valley from Ziwukou, and wound my way along the abandoned old road. On both sides of the mountain road, trees cover the sky, gurgling mountain streams flow, rugged dirt roads spread, and broken walls is full of historical vicissitudes. On the way back, I wandered around the meridian for a long time. In front of my eyes, I have a panoramic view of Qinchuan in eight hundred miles, talking and laughing with Li Jugang, a fellow archaeologist in Shaanxi. "Wait for this, Sanqin has no danger to defend, and Guanzhong is unhurried ..." Here and now, I am convinced of Han Xin's strategy of showing the classics.

I am glad to read Mr. Zhou Hongwei's magnum opus "Wudu Earthquake in Early Han Dynasty and Water System Changes in the Upper Reaches of Hanshui River" after returning from the inspection! I was deeply impressed by Han Xin's strategy and route of "going back to the old road" to counterattack Guanzhong, and I actually had a thorough understanding of the past and present.

Han Xin led the Han army to counterattack Guanzhong. Before the Wudu earthquake in BC 186, the Hanshui River was not only a smooth waterway connecting Longxi and western Hubei, but also a convenient boat in the upper reaches of the Hanshui River. Shipping starts from Hanzhong, goes westward against the current, all the way to Longxi, and from Tianchi osawa to the north, you can approach Chencang along the old road. Under such traffic conditions, Han Xin's strategy of hiding people's eyes and ears will not be the main obstacle to the transportation of grain, grass and soldiers. Under such traffic conditions, Han Xin's army must first attack Bian Xia and Xixi County controlled by Shuiyong Army in the Western Han Dynasty. On the one hand, its military intention is to pretend to attack the secret of Longxi, and on the other hand, it is also to block the Hanshui waterway after the Han army left Chencang, so as to prevent the Yong army of Longxi from attacking Hanzhong and Liu Bangjun from behind.

Some people say that Laozi is the art of war. Lao Tzu said, goodness is like water. Water is impermanent, changing from place to place, close to the Tao, and most respected by philosophers. Han Xin was born in Huaiyin, a water town. He used to fight all his life, and he was best at relying on water potential. During his military career, Han Xin pretended to attack Longxi, exposing the meridian and hiding his position, which was the first great battle he commanded and the only successful example of Hanzhong's counterattack against Guanzhong in China history. In hindsight, apart from all kinds of planning and calculation, the smooth utilization of the ancient Han water system can not be said to be a godsend. Two hundred years later, Zhuge Liang made five expeditions to the Northern Expedition in Hanzhong, all of which ended in failure. In addition to various drawbacks, the traffic of the ancient Hanshui River system was also cut off. Didn't God help me? Life is life!