What is the principle of color composition?

When you play photography to a certain extent, you will feel hesitant and difficult to make progress. For most fans, they have no basic knowledge of aesthetics, fine arts and photography, and only rely on their own experience and intuition to create.

Today, I accidentally came into contact with the knowledge of these colors, and thought it might be helpful to many people who are as confused as me. Sort it out and share it with everyone.

First of all, the formation of color

The formation of the surface color of an object depends on three aspects: the illumination of a light source, the reflection of a certain color light by the object itself, and the influence of environment and space on the color of the object.

Light source color: the light emitted by various light sources, the length, intensity and proportion of light waves form different colors of light, which is called light source color.

Object color: the object color itself is non-luminous, which is the light color feeling reflected by the light source color through the absorption and reflection of the object. We collectively refer to these non-luminous colors as object color.

Color component

Alkaline pigment

A color ring usually includes 12 obviously different colors. Art designers fully understand the important aspects of color circle and color theory, but web designers among us may not fully appreciate it. If you don't understand this, you will screw things up.

red

According to the definition, three primary colors are the primary colors that can synthesize any other color according to a certain quantitative law. In order to determine the three primary colors, you must first determine which color is the middle color you use. When you were in elementary school, you probably knew the three primary colors of red, yellow and blue, but what you are showing now is still the three primary colors of red, yellow and blue. But if you have an inkjet printer, take a moment to open its lid and look at its ink cartridge. Can you see red, yellow and blue? Can't! You may see four ink colors: cyan, magenta, yellow and black. Color difference is because your computer uses positive color, while your printer uses negative color. The display emits colored light, while the ink on the paper absorbs the color emitted by the light. Further explanation is beyond the scope of this article. In addition to the difference between emitted light and absorbed light, the concepts involved in this paper are also applicable to positive color mode and negative color mode. For the purpose of writing this paper, we only discuss the three primary colors of orthochromatic mode: red, green and blue.

Approximate color

The approximate color can be any color except the color we give. If you start with orange and you want two similar colors, you should choose red and yellow. Taking approximate color as the color theme, the harmony and fusion of colors are realized, which is close to the colors that can be seen in nature.

complementary colour

We know that relative colors and complementary colors are directly opposite colors in the color circle. When you want the color to stand out strongly, you'd better choose the contrast color. If you are assembling a picture of a lemon, using a blue background will make the lemon stand out.

Color separation and complementary color

A single complementary color consists of two or three colors. If you choose a color, you will find that its complementary color is on the other side of the color circle. You can use one or more colors on the complementary side.

Group color

Group colors are any three colors with equal distance on the color ring. When a group of colors is used as one color. When asking questions, it will arouse the nervousness of visitors. Because three colors are in contrast. The primary color group and secondary color group mentioned above can be called two groups of colors.

warm colour

Warm colors consist of red tones. Such as red, orange and yellow. They bring warmth, comfort and vitality to the selected color, and they also produce a visual effect, that is, the color is displayed or moved to the viewer and stands out from the page.

cool tone

Cool colors come from blue tones. Such as blue, cyan and green. These colors will have a calming effect on the color theme, which seems to have an effect of withdrawing from the viewer, so they are better used as the background of the page. It should be noted that you will find that these color combinations have different names in different books. But if you can understand these basic principles, they will be very beneficial to your web design.

Color contrast:

Two or more colors, compared in space or time, can compare obvious differences and produce a contrast effect, which is called color contrast. Imagination can be divided into two categories: simultaneous contrast and continuous contrast.

Tone contrast:

Contrast caused by hue difference. When determining the main color, we must consider the relationship between other colors and the main color, what content and effect to show, and so on. , thus enhancing its expressive force.

Put the same orange on the red or yellow, we will find that the orange on the red will have a yellowish feeling, because the orange is composed of red and yellow tones. When juxtaposed with red, the same components are harmonious and different parts are enhanced, so it looks more yellow than when it is alone. Compared with other colors, this phenomenon will also occur, which is called color name contrast. In addition to the color sense deviation, the two colors in contrast sometimes appear the phenomenon of color mutual penetration, which affects the visual effect of the separation boundary. When the two colors in contrast have the same chromaticity and lightness, the more obvious the contrast effect is, and the closer the two colors are to complementary colors, the stronger the contrast effect is.

Brightness contrast:

Contrast caused by different lightness. Lemon yellow has high brightness, blue-purple has low brightness, orange and green have medium brightness, and red and blue have medium and low brightness.

Brightness contrast:

Put the same color on black and white, and compare the color sense, you will find that the color on black feels brighter, while the color on white feels darker, and the contrast effect between light and dark is very strong and obvious, which will have a great impact on the color matching result and make people feel uneasy.

Purity comparison:

When one color is compared with another brighter color, it will feel less bright, but when compared with a less bright color, it will look bright. This color contrast is called purity contrast.

Complementary color contrast:

Complementary colors such as red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange are juxtaposed with each other to make the color feel more vivid and increase the purity, which is called complementary color contrast. (The phenomenon of visual afterimage is obvious).

Cold and warm contrast:

The color contrast formed by the difference of cold and warm color perception is called cold and warm contrast. Red, orange and yellow make people feel warm; Blue, blue-green, blue-purple make people feel cold; Green and purple are in between) In addition, the contrast between cool color and warm color is also affected by lightness and purity. High white light reflection, cold feeling, high black light absorption rate and warm feeling.

Color element

The colors of the objective world are ever-changing. There are differences, but any color has three attributes, namely hue, lightness and purity, also known as elements of color. In addition to the above three basic conditions, all colors form tones with each other and show their own characteristics. So hue, lightness, purity, hue and color are the five elements of color.

The appearance of hue color is the name that distinguishes the color type.

Brightness or darkness of a color, that is, the difference in brightness or darkness of a color. Brightness difference refers to the depth change of the same color, and also refers to the brightness difference between different hues.

Purity The purity of a color, also known as chroma or saturation. Adding white or black to a solid color will reduce its purity or tend to be soft or heavy.

Tone picture is always composed of various colors with some internal connection, forming a complete and unified whole, forming the general trend of picture color, called tone.

Color refers to the cold and warm tendency of color.

Third, color mixing.

There are three forms of color mixing, namely color mixing, pigment mixing and color juxtaposition mixing.

Pigment mixing

Primary color (primary color): a basic color that cannot be mixed with any other monochrome. Including: red, yellow and blue (ideal pigments are red, lemon yellow and lake blue).

Intermediate color: It is a mixture of two primary colors (including orange, green and purple).

Multicolor: A mixture of two colors.

The juxtaposition and mixing of colors When we juxtapose the dots or color blocks of red and blue at a certain distance, we will find that red and blue become a kind of purple. However, due to the limitation of spatial distance and visual physiology, the eyes can't distinguish the details of objects that are too small or too far away, so we feel a different color block as a new color. This phenomenon is called color juxtaposition and spatial mixing.

set a good example

Fourth, color contrast.

Two or more colors, compared in space or time, can compare obvious differences and produce a contrast effect, which is called color contrast. Imagination can be divided into two categories: simultaneous contrast and continuous contrast.

Contrast caused by hue difference. When determining the main color, we must consider the relationship between other colors and the main color, what content and effect to show, and so on. , thus enhancing its expressive force.

Contrast caused by brightness difference. Lemon yellow has high brightness, blue-purple has low brightness, orange and green have medium brightness, and red and blue have medium and low brightness.

Purity comparison When one color is compared with another more vivid color, it will feel less vivid, but when compared with a less vivid color, it will look very vivid. This color contrast is called purity contrast.

Complementary color contrast juxtaposes red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange with complementary colors, which makes the color feel more vivid and increases the purity, which is called complementary color contrast. (The phenomenon of visual afterimage is obvious).

Cold-warm contrast The color contrast caused by the cold-warm difference of color vision is called cold-warm contrast. Red, orange and yellow make people feel warm; Blue, blue-green, blue-purple make people feel cold; Green and purple are in between) In addition, the contrast between cool color and warm color is also affected by lightness and purity. High white light reflection, cold feeling, high black light absorption rate and warm feeling.

Fifth, color harmony

Two or more colors are reasonably matched to produce a unified and harmonious effect, which is called color harmony.

Harmony of the same color, harmony of colors with different lightness and purity. The method is: step by step, form the contrast of strength and height in the change of lightness and purity to make up for the monotony of homology.

The harmony of similar colors refers to the harmony of some colors with similar tones, such as red and orange, blue and purple. The harmony of similar colors mainly depends on the same color between similar colors.

The harmony of contrasting colors, such as red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange, is a color with opposite hue or color. The reconciliation method is as follows:

Select a contrast color to improve or reduce the purity of another contrast color;

Insert separations (gold, silver, black, white, gray, etc. ) the contrast color between;

Take different treatment methods to the areas of both sides to achieve harmony in comparison;

That is, the relationship between contrasting colors is similar to colors, and it can also play a role in reconciliation;