How to white balance night photography?

Shooting at night, each scene has its own unique differences from other scenes. These different landlords are inseparable from the surrounding environment and conditions. They complement each other and echo each other. Therefore, the characteristics of the scenery itself are more distinct and prominent, often manifested in content, form, scale, geographical environment, climate and so on. To grasp these characteristics, it is sometimes necessary to understand the internal situation of the subject, which are primary and which are secondary, and the law of activities. Here are a few scenes that play different roles in night photography. 1, lighting (or moonlight) Lighting (or moonlight) is often an important part of night scenes and the main light source for night scenes photography. Without lights or few lights, objects cannot be displayed or clearly displayed. With enough lighting, not only can the physical presentation be layered, but the picture can also be brighter and clearer. Flowing lights (such as car lights, boat lights and other movable lights) can present strips of light (that is, light columns) on the negative, which can add atmosphere to the content and obtain better results. 2. Rainy days, foggy days (or wet weather) Rainy days and foggy days can take a beautiful halo in the photo. The color of the sky is influenced by light, and sometimes it reflects other colors and appears on the screen. If you use color film, the effect will be more obvious. Because the asphalt road or smooth ground in rainy days can show the reflection of objects and lights, the effect is more vivid. Water sometimes plays a certain role in the night scene. Buildings by the sea, river and pond. Due to the reflection of water, it can increase the brightness of the lights on the shore or around, outline the scenery and add a lot of life to the picture. Shooting at night, mastering the characteristics and choosing the angle are closely related to the use of natural conditions. In other words, the choice angle must be determined according to the characteristics of the subject and the natural environment of the scene, while mastering the characteristics, choosing the angle and using the natural environment must obey the requirements of the theme, not isolated. The choice of angle has great influence on expressing the theme and highlighting the characteristics. For example, it is better to show the night view of the construction site with huge project scale from a high angle. It is more appropriate to express the height and grandeur of the building from a lower angle. Select the angle and pay attention to the camera position. In general, the sky is bright in the west and dark in the east on a sunny night. From east to west, the water is white, and there is little difference between the reflection of water and the brightness of the sky; Looking from west to east, the reflection ability of water is weak and gray. It is better to shoot the night scene from east to west at night. At dawn, such as rainy or cloudy days, it is better to shoot in the opposite direction, so don't consider these problems. The shooting method of night scene 1 Night scenes of construction sites generally refer to reservoirs, power stations, mines, bridges, factories, buildings, etc. The shooting method should pay attention to the following points: (1) According to the characteristics of the project, determine the shooting angle, and know the relevant situation and the law of night activities in advance during the day; (2) Choose a suitable shooting opportunity, and it is best to shoot such subjects at the stage when the project reaches its climax and the face of large-scale tense projects is basically visible; (3) Pay attention to the surrounding natural conditions-mountains, water, trees, bridges, buildings, etc. ; (4) The sky should not be exposed to too much light; (5) When presenting the scene, the angle should be high rather than low; (6) One or more exposures can be used. 2. Shoot the night view of the city streets. Street scenes can be taken on holidays or at ordinary nights, and holidays are generally better. Because during the festival, the streets, shops, city appearance and windows are all arranged in good order. Colored lights, neon lights and slogans have also been added to the larger buildings, and the demolished pictures will be more prosperous and beautiful. Choose an appropriate angle. Too high or too low an angle can easily deform the roadside buildings. The camera should be placed in a place where it is not easy to be collided and does not hinder traffic. It is best to choose places with concentrated lighting, concentrated vehicles, concentrated buildings and certain characteristics. 3, shooting fireworks shooting fireworks at night, can not be as relaxed as the shooting scene, more nervous. In the whole process of shooting fireworks, half a camera was set up. When the fireworks are about to take off and land, open door B and let the fireworks bloom and float in the night sky in the shooting range until they go out, so that the whole process can be recorded on the negative. In the shooting part, after the fireworks are opened, open the shutter when they are about to bloom or bloom, and shoot the most representative moment. Multiple exposures can be taken, and the same negative can be exposed for two or more times. The exposure time can be shorter when shooting fireworks, and longer when shooting ground scenery. In addition, you can shoot separately from two negatives, that is, one negative shoots fireworks and the other negative shoots ground scenery and people. The exposure time is different. After exposure, the two films are stacked together. Be careful not to shoot fireworks and scenery with negatives. It's best to put fireworks near the top of the film and scenery near the bottom of the film, so it's much easier to enlarge the two films together. 4. Shooting the scene of the moon The following methods can be used to shoot the scene of the moon at night: (1) Long exposure, shooting the scene in the moonlight alone; Take a short exposure, shoot the moon alone, and then overlap and enlarge the two negatives. (2) When exposing on the negative, cover the moon on the lens with your hand (it is best to try it before shooting to prevent even the scenery from being blocked), and then move your hand until the last few seconds of exposure, so that the moon can be exposed on the negative. 5. It's also interesting to shoot night scenes and portraits at night. Unique in life photography, the shooting method is relatively simple and easy to master. It can be divided into one shot or two exposures. (1) Because the light source is often weak when portraits are shot at night, auxiliary light (such as flash) must be used for portrait shooting. When shooting, the aperture should not be large, so you can use F/5.6 or F/8 aperture, because large aperture is easy to blur the night scene background. (2) Two exposures If the background light of the night scene is very weak, we can make two exposures. Expose the night scene for the first time, and then add flash exposure when taking portraits for the second time, which is very suitable for taking portraits at night. 6. Precautions for night photography When shooting night scenes, we should pay attention to several problems: (1) Prevent the camera from moving. When exposed for a long time, the camera must not move. It should be fixed on a tripod with screws or placed in a stable and firm place. Dial the aperture, press the shutter and a series of operations, you should be careful. Because a negative is exposed for more than two times and moves slightly, the scenery will be blurred and overlapped, a photo will be extremely slightly overlapped, and the enlargement will be obviously exposed, leading to failure. Don't ignore this problem when making exposure, because it is often easy to happen in night photography. (2) Prevent the glare of the direct lens after the shutter of the direct lens is opened, which is easy to produce halo and cause the overall negative to fail. So carefully observe whether there is a direct lens with strong light (there is no light protection in the distance). In the process of shooting, we should also be alert to sudden strong light (such as car lights and pedestrian flashlights). If the shutter has been opened, it can be temporarily covered with a lens cover or hat. (3) The use of aperture and focal length is very important for shooting night scenes. The aperture size affects the exposure time and the clarity of the scene. Some night scenes cannot accurately measure the distance with a camera, so we have to use a smaller aperture to increase the depth of field to make up for it. When shooting night scenes in general light, the aperture can be reduced to F/5.6~F/8. If the light is bright, if the scene will not change for a long time and the light will not weaken, you can use a smaller aperture to extend the exposure time. If you use multiple exposures, you can also use the aperture to adjust according to the intensity of light. The problem of measuring distance cannot be ignored. Generally, you can put the distance at infinity when shooting a big scene, but you must take a clear picture of the distance when shooting a middle scene or a close shot. The usual method of use is to let a person stand next to the object being photographed, light a flashlight to measure, or choose a nearby lamp and something brighter to measure. However, in the process of multiple exposures, it is absolutely forbidden to take a close shot and a long shot, which will blur the negative image or cause two shadows. You can only plan the depth of field and make the characters and the north scene as clear as possible. 7. Equipment and tools for shooting night scenes (1) Generally, domestic and imported cameras used by amateur photographers are equipped with B-door equipment, which is enough for photographers to shoot ordinary night scenes. Imported single-mirror reflective camera is better. The simple camera of automaton is more difficult to shoot night scenes because there is no delayed exposure device. (2) Pull-wire release and night photography of lens cover. Under normal circumstances, the exposure time is long. If you press the shutter button with your finger, the images will overlap. Therefore, the cable and lens cover are essential equipment for night shooting. For those exposed for a few seconds, cable release can be used, for those exposed for a long time or exposed for many times. It is more convenient to use the lens cover. (3) The tripod is an indispensable auxiliary tool for shooting night scenes. When exposing me many times for a long time, the camera is required to be completely motionless. The best way is to fix the camera on a tripod. (4) Other sporadic equipment, such as flashlights and hoods, should be prepared in advance. Flashlight can be used to measure distance, switch shutter, aperture or find parts. The hood also plays a certain role in shooting night scenes. For example, when it rains or the light is messy, wearing a hood can protect the lens from moisture and prevent light from entering the lens. The above is the most basic knowledge of night shooting. You must practice constantly to better master and improve it.