Mosuo dwellings

Lugu Lake is fascinated by marriage and rumors about Mosuo sexual customs.

Core Tip: Lugu Lake, where Mosuo people live in a matriarchal clan culture, has become a tourist hotspot. However, due to the exaggerated and untrue introduction of movies, literature and some tour guides, as well as the lack of talent of Mosuo people, the misunderstanding of Mosuo culture is very common. Even some male tourists often ask Mosuo girls to "get married".

Many tourists travel to Lugu Lake with curiosity, and even some tourists travel to Lugu Lake to get married, because of the exaggerated and untrue introduction of movies, movies, literature and some tour guides.

Walking marriage

"Many male tourists often ask us half-truths if we want to marry them, and some tourists will ask us if we have a father." Several Mosuo girls in Luoshui Village near Lugu Lake in Lijiang, Yunnan told reporters: "These words make us very disgusted."

There are more than 1000 Mosuo families living in Yongning Township, Ninglang Yi Autonomous County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province. They have three different family organizations: matrilineal, matrilineal and paternal. Among them, the well-preserved ancient matriarchal system of "men don't marry, women don't marry" and the unique "visiting marriage" have attracted the attention of scholars all over the world. Therefore, it is known as the "daughter country"-the kingdom of women, and Lugu Lake with Mosuo people has become a mysterious and beautiful place in people's eyes.

In recent years, in the tourism boom of Lugu Lake, researchers found that many tourists traveled to Lugu Lake with curiosity because of the exaggerated and untrue introductions of movies, movies, literature and some tour guides, and even some tourists came to Lugu Lake to get married. This phenomenon makes some scholars and Mosuo people deeply uneasy. To this end, during the two sessions this year, Yang Xuemei, a deputy to the National People's Congress from Lijiang River, called for: "Strengthen the protection of the traditional folk culture of Mosuo in Lugu Lake and give an answer to the Regulations on the Protection of Mosuo Folk Culture in Lugu Lake as soon as possible; Declare "Lugu Lake Mosuo matriarchal cultural landscape" as a world cultural heritage; Invite news media and academic groups to go deep into the Mosuo community to understand and study Mosuo culture and correct misunderstandings about Mosuo culture. "

People are fascinated by rumors and don't know the living Mosuo people.

With infinite longing, many tourists who participated in tour groups traveled long distances to the long-awaited Lugu Lake. However, many people left with regrets, complaining that the modern atmosphere invaded the pure land of Lugu Lake, and some even said that they would never come to this place again.

"Because of the misunderstanding of Mosuo culture, people have believed the Mosuo people in rumors or imagination, but they don't know the Mosuo people in real life." Mosuo scholar and associate researcher of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences Lamu? Gattusa said: "Among many misunderstandings, there is a romantic misunderstanding, which over-beautifies and deifies Mosuo culture and imagines different cultures as magical and beautiful. It seems that Mosuo people don't eat fireworks, just drink, sing and dance, fall in love on the clouds and marry tourists at will. "

Mosuo girl

"The disappointment of tourists has a lot to do with the way they travel." Li perennial, a photography editor and photographer of Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House, went deep into Mosuo village and took a lot of precious and valuable photos of Mosuo culture. He said: "These tourists are actually very poor. They set off from Lijiang by bus in the early morning and arrived at Lugu Lake at 4 pm. Then take a boat trip to the lake, get off the boat and ride a horse, then have dinner, attend a bonfire party after dinner, and return to Lijiang early the next morning. How can we understand the real Mosuo culture after such a hard journey and such a short time? "

Dr. Zhou Huashan, a Hong Kong scholar who has lived in Mosuo Village for more than a year, believes that tourists are disappointed with Lugu Lake tourism. First, tourism projects are monotonous without connotation, and horse riding and boating have become standardized projects; Second, there is a lack of understanding of Mosuo culture. When many tourists leave Lugu Lake, they still have a little knowledge of Mosuo matriarchal system and marriage system. The third is that Luoshui Village near Lugu Lake has been commercialized.

Regarding "commercialization", Zhou Huashan believes that "in tourist destinations, it is reasonable to clearly mark the price of services" and "people who fall into the water receive countless tourists every day, and it is impossible to be hospitable and receive nothing every time". The local Mosuo people think: "Tourists don't feel bad about spending 10,000 yuan in Hong Kong, and even proudly show off. You stay with us for one night as long as 15 yuan, a set meal 10 yuan, and criticize our commercialization. "

What is intriguing is that the feelings of self-help tourists and tour group tourists are completely different.

In Wenquan Village, Li met Lu from Jiaxing College in Zhejiang. Lu is a librarian. After getting to know Guan Xianglin, a folk who has devoted himself to the protection of national culture for many years, he came to Braco's home in the hot spring village mentioned in Guan Xianglin's article in 2005 and stayed for a week. Since then, he has formed a deep friendship with this family. In the second year, she used her holiday to stay in Kampot Braco's house for a period of time, climbing mountains and soaking in hot springs every day to help Kampot Braco do housework.

"My landlady is very hospitable and always gives me a lot of things that they think are the best." When the reporter dialed Lu's phone, she said excitedly on the other end: "Mosuo people are simple and hospitable, regardless of money, and family feelings are thicker than water." Their daughter never gets married easily. The younger daughter once took a man to court because he kept pestering her to get married. "

Mosuo girl

It was also in Wenquan Village that Lu met a French woman. As usual, she climbs mountains, soaks in hot springs and wanders around the village every day. The villagers once asked Lu inexplicably, "Why does this French woman always sleep on the grass?"

Li said that although Wenquan Village in Yongning Township, ninglang county is only over 30 kilometers away from Lugu Lake, few tourists come here, such as Lu and French women.

Backward education leads to cultural misreading.

Search online, many posts about Lugu Lake have the words "experience Mosuo wedding customs". A Mosuo, the former deputy magistrate of ninglang county, told Ru: "Because of different language and cultural values, Mosuo people are often misunderstood by many media, tourists and even experts and scholars. Many people think that Mosuo people are married, incestuous and promiscuous, regardless of national feelings. Under such rendering, the beautiful Lugu Lake has become a place that some people dream of having fun, and the Mosuo culture has been covered with thick dust. "

In the misunderstanding of Mosuo culture, the phenomenon of "Leorowi" has also attracted the attention of researchers.

On 1997, Leorowi published Out of the Country of Daughters and Autobiography of a Mosuo Man. However, a lot of descriptions of love and sex in the book make many Mosuo people think that this book distorts Mosuo culture. This personal lifestyle is mistaken for the endorsement of Mosuo women.

"The wood was only 65,438+03 years old when he left home. When she published Out of the Girl Country, she had 14 years of urban life experience, so her knowledge and understanding of traditional Mosuo was limited and one-sided. " Zhou Huashan said, "Namu mistook her unique personal experience for the characteristics of Mosuo culture, which reflected her misunderstanding of Mosuo culture. In fact, many young Mosuo people, like her, know nothing about their own traditions. "

Researchers believe that an important reason for the misinterpretation of Mosuo culture is the backwardness of Mosuo education.

Out of the Girl Country was dictated by Nanmu and recorded by Li Weihai, a Han writer. Another book, Back to the Girl Country, was actually written by Ramu, even though it was written by Leorowi? Gattusa wrote it. "Hua-shan zhou said," the wood of Chinese knowledge is limited, need someone else to write. This is not an individual problem. There are few scholars and researchers of Mosuo people, and they have long been endorsed by foreign scholars and writers. The space of their main voices is very limited, which makes mainstream culture misunderstand Mosuo culture more. "

"Leorowi is considered to be the farthest one among Mosuo people. According to incomplete statistics, there are only 10 Mosuo people working in Kunming at present. Education and economy are backward, leaving only a handful of Mosuo talents. I often feel lonely myself. " Lamu? Gattusa said, "Scholars from nearly 20 countries in the world are studying the Mosuo people, but most of them come from academic circles, and the voices of the Mosuo people studied rarely appear in monographs. Mosuo people have no right to speak, so they can only let others speak. "

The explanations of some tour guides also contributed to the misunderstanding of Mosuo culture.

"Four or five hours on the way from Lijiang to Lugu Lake, the tour guide will tell tourists many stories about how to get married and make them happy. However, when tourists arrive at Lugu Lake, they find that this is not the case at all. Some tourists also said that our Mosuo girl lied to them. " A Mosuo girl said. Learn to respect the earth, and you will have the true happiness of the walker.

What worries researchers is that the misunderstanding of Mosuo culture in the outside world has in turn affected Mosuo people's understanding of their own culture. The simple national culture has been vulgarly abused in the market, and the original local culture with distinctive characteristics and dignity is gradually losing its charm. Some locals regard "divorce" as the core of Mosuo culture to attract tourists, and some "pseudo-folk-custom" and "pseudo-culture" tourism contents catering to low-level tastes have also emerged.

"There are many family hostels in Luoshui Village, which are named xia Garden in Daughter Country, Goddess House, Matriarchal Family and Mosuo Garden of Eden. These names of suggestive liberation are constructed as Mosuo customs. Some young people who fall into the water call it the Mosuo tradition of "hooking the palm of your hand" to meet the curiosity needs of tourists. Some people also openly encourage tourists to take photos with Miss Mosuo at the bonfire party. It seems that Mosuo women can be teased. " Zhou Huashan said, "These behaviors will make tourists think that Mosuo culture has no other connotation except marriage."

Mosuo boatman

Dr. Yang Fuquan, vice president of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences and a Naxi scholar, once saw some messages from male tourists who were disappointed, depressed and even angry because they didn't have an affair here in the guest books of some bars near Lugu Lake, thinking that they had been cheated and came to their daughter's country for nothing. Yang Fuquan said: "I am deeply saddened by these tourists who come not far from Wan Li to' hunt for sex', and I am also frustrated that there are many such tourists in China."

Yang Fuquan said, "As soon as those curious tourists arrive here, they can't wait to look around and ask the local people how to get married and find xia. According to the traditional custom of massage shuttle people, when there are old people and elders at home, you can't talk about men and women casually, especially the' mother room' in the home center where the fireplace is located. Many Mosuo families warmly welcome tourists to the sacred fireplace and treat them as guests, but the whole family often feels embarrassed because some tourists have no scruples and have no respect for local customs. "

"This kind of tourists who lack minimum cultural literacy is a threat to culture." He said that if tourists do not have the minimum self-cultivation, self-discipline and love for this land, respect and understanding for different cultures, and are not familiar with and understand local cultural customs, but walk into other people's homes with exclusive cultural superiority mentality and ambiguous novelty-seeking psychology, those beautiful homes may be continuously desecrated and defiled by their own ignorance, vulgarity and arrogance.

"Many times, beside the sacred mountains and lakes of a certain ethnic group, I saw some tourists silently and devoutly meditate, or worship this magical and great land like the locals; And some tourists are noisy, exaggerated and let themselves go. I can't help but wonder, when will these uncivilized tourists learn to respect the culture and beliefs of others and respect the hearts of others? " Yang Fuquan said, "I think only travelers who have respect for the earth will have real happiness for travelers."