Nobel Prize winner in physics.

1 year, 190 1 year: X-rays were discovered in wilhelm konrad rontgen.

2. 1902: Hendrick Antoine Lorenz (Netherlands) and Zeeman (Netherlands) studied the influence of magnetic field on radiation phenomenon.

3. 1903: Antoine Henri Bekkerel (France) discovers natural radioactivity; Pierre curie (France) and Marie Curie (Polish-born French) discovered and studied the radioactive elements polonium and radium.

4. 1904: Research and discovery of argon density in Rayleigh (UK).

5. 1905: Leonard (Germany) studied cathode rays.

6. 1906: Joseph Thomson (UK) made an important contribution to the theoretical and experimental research of gas discharge and discovered electrons.

7. 1907: Albert Abrahan Michelson (USA) invented the optical interferometer and used it in spectroscopy and basic metrology research.

8. 1908: lippmann (France) invented the color photographic interference method (lippmann's interference law).

9. 1909: Galileo Marconi (Italy) and Braun (Germany) invented and improved the wireless telegraph; Richardson (England) is engaged in the study of thermionic phenomena, especially the discovery of Richardson's law.

10, 19 10 years: van der Waals (Netherlands) studies on gas and liquid equations.

1 1,191year: Wien (Germany) discovered the law of thermal radiation.

12, 19 12: Darren (Sweden) invented an automatic adjusting device, which can be used in conjunction with ignition beacons and buoy gas batteries.

13,1913: Heck Kamelin-Agnes (Netherlands) studied the properties of objects at low temperature and made liquid helium.

14, 19 14: Max van Laue (Germany) discovered the phenomenon of X-ray diffraction in crystals.

15, 19 15: William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Prague (UK) used X-rays to study the crystal structure.

16, 19 16: No prize.

17, 19 17: The secondary X-ray radiation characteristics of elements discovered in Charles Glover Barkla (UK).

18, 19 18: Max Karl Ernest Ludwig Planck (Germany) has made great contributions to the establishment of quantum theory.

19, 19 19: Stark (Germany) discovered the Doppler effect and spectral line splitting of canal rays under the action of electric field.

20, 1920: Guillaume (Switzerland) discovers the abnormal phenomenon of nickel-steel alloy and its importance in precision physics.

2 1, 192 1 year: Albert Einstein (Germany) his achievements in mathematical physics, especially the discovery of the law of photoelectric effect.

22, 1922: niels henrik david bohr studies atomic structure and atomic radiation.

23. 1923: Robert Andrews Millikan (USA) studied the charge of elements and verified the photoelectric effect.

24, 1924: siegbahn (Sweden) discovered the spectral lines in X-rays.

25, 1925: Frank Hertz (Germany) discovered the law of collision between atoms and electrons.

26, 1926: Perrin (France) studied the discontinuous structure of matter and found the sedimentary equilibrium.

27. 1927: Compton (USA) discovered Compton effect; Wilson (England) invented the cloud chamber, which can show the trajectory of electrons in the air.

28, 1928: Richardson (UK) studied the thermionic phenomenon and put forward Richardson's law.

29, 1929: Louis Victor de Broglie discovered the fluctuation of electrons.

30. 1930: Raman (India) studied light scattering and found Raman effect.

3 1, 193 1 year: no prize.

32, 1932: the contribution of Werner Heisenberg (Germany) to quantum mechanics.

33. 1933: Erwin Schr?dinger (Austria) founded the theory of wave mechanics; Paul Adri Morris Dirac (England) put forward Dirac equation and hole theory.

34. 1934: No prize.

35. 1935: Neutrons discovered in james chadwick (UK).

36, 1936: Hess (Austria) discovered cosmic rays; Positron discovered by Anderson (USA)

37. 1937: Davidson (USA) and George Paget Thomson (UK) discovered the diffraction of electrons by crystals.

38, 1938: It is discovered in Enrico Fermi that neutron irradiation produces new radioactive elements, which realizes slow neutron nuclear reaction.

39. 1939: Ernest Orlando Lawrence (USA) invents cyclotron and obtains artificial radioactive elements.

40.1940 ——1942: No prize.

4 1, 1943: Stern (USA) developed the molecular beam method to measure the proton magnetic moment.

42, 1944: Rabbi (USA) invented the nuclear magnetic resonance method.

43, 1945: Wolfgang e pauli (Austria) discovers pauli's incompatibility principle.

44. 1946: bridgman (USA) invented the device for obtaining high pressure and made some discoveries in the field of high pressure physics.

45. 1947: appleton (UK) discovered the Aptom layer (ionosphere) by studying the physical characteristics of the upper atmosphere.

46, 1948: blackett (UK) improved the Wilson cloud chamber method and its discovery in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic rays.

47, 1949: Hideki Yukawa (Japan) put forward the theory of nuclear mesons and predicted the existence of ∏ mesons.

48. 1950: Ceso Frank Powell (UK) developed a photographic method for studying nuclear processes and discovered π mesons.

49, 195 1 year: Cockcroft (England) and Walton (Ireland) bombard atoms with artificially accelerated particles, resulting in nuclear transmutation.

50. 1952: Bloch and purcell (USA) engaged in the study of nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon and founded the nuclear magnetic resonance measurement method.

5 1, 1953: Zelnik (Netherlands) invented the phase contrast microscope.

52, 1954: Max Born (UK) has made contributions to the statistical interpretation and research of quantum mechanics and wave functions; Bert (Germany) invented the coincidence counting method to study nuclear reactions and gamma rays.

53, 1955: Ram (USA) invented microwave technology, and then studied the fine structure of hydrogen atom; Kush (USA) used RF beam technology to accurately measure the electron magnetic moment, which innovated the nuclear theory.

54. 1956: bratton, Bardeen (Jew) and shockley (American) invented the transistor and studied the transistor effect.

55, 1957: Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning (both from Taiwan Province Province of China and the United States) made a keen study on the so-called law of parity non-conservation, which led to many important discoveries about elementary particles.

56. 1958: Cherenkov, Tam and Frank (Soviet Union) discovered and explained cherenkov effect.

57. 1959: antiprotons have been discovered in segre and owen chamberlain (USA).

58. 1960: Grasett (USA) discovered bubble chamber and replaced Wilson's Cloud Room.

59. 196 1 year: hofstadter (USA) made a pioneering study on the scattering of electrons to the nucleus, from which the structure of the nucleus was discovered; Mossbauer (Germany) engaged in the study of vibration absorption of γ-rays and found the Mossbauer effect.

60, 1962: Davidovic Landau's groundbreaking theory on condensed matter, especially liquid helium.

6 1, 1963: Wigner (USA) discovered the symmetry of elementary particles and the principle governing the interaction between protons and neutrons; Mrs Meyer (American Jew) and Zhan Sen (German) discovered the shell structure of the nucleus.

62, 1964: Downs' basic research achievements in the field of quantum electronics laid a theoretical foundation for the invention of masers and lasers; Basov and prokhorov (Soviet Union) invented the maser.

63, 1965: Ichiro Asanaga (Japan), Schwinge and Feynman (USA) have made great achievements in quantum electrodynamics, which have a profound impact on particle physics.

64,1966: Castler (France) invented and developed a double * * * vibration method to study optical and magnetic * * vibrations in atoms.

65, 1967: Betty's contribution to the theory of nuclear reaction, especially the discovery of star energy.

66, 1968: Alvarez (USA) developed hydrogen bubble chamber technology and data analysis, and found a lot of * * * vibration dynamics.

67, 1969: Murray gherman (USA) classified elementary particles and discovered their interactions.

68,1970: Basic research and discovery of magnetohydrodynamics in Alvin (Sweden) and its fruitful application in plasma physics; Neil (France)' s Basic Research and Discovery on Antimagnetism and Ferromagnetism

69. 197 1 year: gabor (UK) invented and developed holography.

70, 1972: Bardeen, Cooper and schrieffer (USA) founded BCS superconducting microscopic theory.

7 1, 1973: Esaki Reona (Japan) discovered the semiconductor tunneling effect; Giaever (USA) discovered the superconducting tunnel effect; Josephson (UK) put forward and discovered the property of super current passing through tunnel barrier, namely Josephson effect.

72, 1974: martin ryle (UK) invented the application of synthetic aperture radio astronomical telescope for pioneering research on radio astrophysics; Hughes (England) discovered pulsars.

73, 1975: Agel n bohr, Mottleson (Denmark) and rainwater (USA) discovered the connection between collective motion and particle motion in the nucleus, and put forward the theory of nuclear structure according to this connection.

74, 1976: Ding Zhaozhong and richter (USA) independently discovered new J/ψ elementary particles.

75, 1977: Anderson, Van Flack (USA) and Mott (UK) have made fundamental research on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems.

76, 1978: Basic inventions and discoveries in the field of low-temperature physics in Capicha (Soviet Union); Penzias and W. Wilson (USA) discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation.

77. 1979: Sheldon Lee glashow, steven weinberg and abdul sallam contributed to the unified theory of weak interaction and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, and predicted the existence of weak neutral flow.

78, 1980: Cronin and Fitch (USA) found that the parity of the charge yoke is not conserved.

79. 198 1 year: siegbahn (Sweden) developed high-resolution measuring instruments and quantitative analysis of photoelectrons and light elements; Blom Bergen (USA) pioneered nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy; Xiao Luo (USA) invented the high-resolution laser spectrometer.

80,1982: K. G. Wilson (USA) put forward renormalization group theory to clarify the critical phenomenon of phase transition.

8 1,1983: Sarah Magna in Chandraseka (USA) put forward the strong draseka limit, which is a theoretical study of physical processes of great significance to the structure and evolution of stars; Fowler (USA) has made theoretical and experimental research on the nuclear reactions of great significance in the formation of chemical elements in the universe.

82, 1984: carlo Rubia (Italy) confirmed the existence of intermediate vector bosons [[W+]], W- and Zc that transmit weak interactions; Van der Meyer (Netherlands) invented the random cooling method of particle beam, which made it possible to produce W and Z particles by proton-antiproton beam collision.

83, 1985: von Krizin (Germany) discovered the quantum Hall effect and developed the technology of measuring physical constants.

84, 1986: ruska (Germany) designed the first transmission electron microscope; Bü nig (Germany) and rohrer (Switzerland) designed the first scanning tunneling electron microscope.

85, 1987: Oxide high temperature superconducting materials were discovered by Berdnos in Germany and Miao Lei in Switzerland.

86, 1988: Lederman, Schwartz and Steinberg (USA) produced the first neutrino beam created in the laboratory and discovered neutrinos, thus proving the dual structure of leptons.

87, 1989: Ramsey (USA) invents the method of separating oscillation field and its application in atomic clock; Dehmel (USA) and Paul (Germany) developed atomic accurate spectroscopy and ion trap technology.

88, 1990: Friedman, Kendall (USA) and Richard edward tylor (Canada) proved the existence of quarks for the first time through experiments.

89, 199 1 year: Pierre Girard-Gener (France) extended the method of studying order phenomena in simple systems to more complex material forms, especially the study of liquid crystals and polymers.

90, 1992: Xia Pake (France) invents and develops a multi-wire proportional chamber for high-energy physics.

9 1, 1993: hoels and J·H· Taylor (USA) discovered the pulse binary star, which indirectly confirmed the existence of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein.

92, 1994: brockhaus (Canada) and Schell (USA) developed neutron diffraction technology in the study of condensed matter.

93, 1995: Pell (USA) discovered τ lepton; Neutrinos Found in Raines (USA)

94,1996: D.M. Lee, Osherov and R·C· Richardson (USA) found that helium isotopes can flow frictionless at low temperature.

95, 1997: Chu, W. D. Phillips (USA) and (France) invented the method of cooling and trapping atoms by laser.

96, 1998: laughlin, Horst Ludwig St?rmer and Cui Qi (USA) discovered and studied the fractional quantum Hall effect of electrons.

97,1999: H. Hofter and Wiltman (Netherlands) expounded the quantum structure of weak-current interaction.

98, 2000: Alferov (Russia) and cromer (Germany) put forward the heterostructure theory, and developed fast transistors and laser diodes with heterostructure; Jack kilby (USA) invents integrated circuit.

99,2001:Kettler (Germany), Cornell, Karl E. Weiman (USA) have made achievements in "Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali metal atom diluted gas" and "Study on early basic properties of condensate".

100, 2002: raymond davis, Riccardo giacconi (USA) and Masatoshi Koshiba (Japan) "commended their pioneering contributions in the field of astrophysics, including their achievements in" detecting cosmic neutrinos "and" discovering cosmic X-ray sources ".

10 1, 2003: Alexei Abrikosov, anthony leggett (USA) and Vitaly Ginzburg (Russian Federation) "in recognition of their pioneering contributions in the field of superconductors and superfluids."

102, 2004: David Gross (USA), David Pulitzer (USA) and Frank Wilczek (USA) in recognition of their "discovery of quarks' asymptotic freedom in quantum fields".

103,2005: Roy glauber (USA) commended his contribution to optical coherent quantum theory; John L. Hall (USA) and Theodore Hensch (Germany) commended their contributions to the development of laser precision spectroscopy.

104, 2006: John Mather (USA) and goerge smoot (USA) commended them for discovering the disturbance phenomenon of the blackbody form and the cosmic microwave background radiation.

105,2007: French scientist Albert Fett and German scientist Peter Krueberg commended their contributions to the discovery of giant magnetoresistance effect.

106,2008: Japanese scientist Yoichiro Nambu commended him for discovering the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism in subatomic physics. Japanese physicists Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa put forward the physical mechanism of symmetry breaking and successfully predicted that there are at least three kinds of quarks in nature.

107, 2009: Gao Kun, a British Chinese physicist, won the prize for "the pioneering achievement of optical transmission in the field of optical communication"; American physicists Willard S. Boyle and George E. George E smith won this honor for "inventing the imaging semiconductor circuit-charge coupled device image sensor CCD".