What satirical cartoons or aphorisms are there?

The satirical art of Fortress Besieged has always been a highlight of Fortress Besieged. This paper demonstrates the embodiment of satirical art in Fortress Besieged from four aspects: characters, plot development, detail description, satirical techniques and language characteristics. Fortress Besieged satirizes all aspects of social life with the clues of characters' activities, and its profound irony is naturally revealed through the development of the plot and meticulous details, without giving people a hint of affectation. At the same time, its satirical techniques are flexible and diverse, and metaphors, allusions, metaphors and reasoning abound. Ironic language is even more humorous, sharp and spicy, which is amazing. Keywords: "Fortress Besieged" satirizes artistic details. Lu Xun said: "comedy is to tear up worthless things for people to see." Qian Zhongshu's "Fortress Besieged" tore the hypocritical face of brilliant academic qualifications. Through the description of Fang Hung-chien and a group of people around him, from the bustling Shili foreign exchange to the closed San Lv University, and from the wandering experience of international students living in China, Qian Zhongshu mocked the intellectual's mental dilemma with comic exaggeration, revealing the typical social psychology of life like "besieged city" and "people outside the city want to rush in and people in the city want to escape". As far as satire in the history of China literature is concerned, Lu Xun is pungent and humorous, Lao She is deep and gentle, Sha Ting is heavy and vigorous, Zhang Tianyi is cold and sharp, and Qian Zhongshu's satirical art is unique. His education in ancient and modern Chinese and western cultures, his astute and energetic personal temperament and his thorough and rich learning thinking make his satirical novels have a very distinctive and unique personality. Sometimes it stands out from the crowd; Sometimes, the use of metaphors is full of interest, including the cynicism of China's The Scholars and the satire of Mark Twain, which forms a sharp, pungent and humorous irony. The satirical art in Fortress Besieged is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Take Fang Hung-chien as a clue to satirize all aspects of social life. Fortress Besieged does not run through the main plot, but runs through the whole article with Fang Hung-chien's activities. Through Fang Hung-chien's continuous escape from the besieged castle or rushing in, he shows the people and things he met after studying abroad and returning to China. The author satirizes every character in the work to varying degrees. Fang Hung-chien is ignorant, incompetent and cowardly, while Su pretends to be indifferent and narcissistic, regardless of shame and mercenary. Gao Songnian is a sophisticated liar, faking, surreal and hostile to his subordinates' wives. He runs the school according to the principles of biology. On the surface, Li is a prostitute, selling medicinal materials and going whoring. There are also female college students who call names behind their backs and are good at using various excuses to gain men's feelings. There are female college students who are guided by fake writers' inscriptions and books. There are female college students who have been transformed into "capitalist lackeys" by teachers. There are female newspaper editors who call themselves "old-fashioned" and dress strangely. They write dozens of articles in one breath, and they leave their jobs without asking politics. Changing lovers is as casual as changing clothes. She went abroad to study medicine and learned that she could not get pregnant. There are all kinds of characters in Fortress Besieged, which really achieves the purpose that the author wants to write a certain kind of "basic roots of hairless biped". In the process of displaying the characters, the author lost no time in mocking and satirizing official corruption, government incompetence, academic hypocrisy and social backwardness. Qian Zhongshu's brushwork touched the ugliness of politics, banking, press and business in Shili Foreign Exchange, and also described the ridiculous and despicable life of the residents. The works also involve the muddy water in the small county town in the south of the Yangtze River and along the way from Zhejiang to Hunan, showing the hardships of the journey, the chaos of the Anti-Japanese War and various touching exposures. The novel also reveals all kinds of shady scenes of the so-called national universities in free zones, such as poor school conditions, low teaching quality, backward students' consciousness, scum in education, speculative politicians and hypocrites flooding the campus, and writes that "being a teacher" is to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages and deceive villains. "The school library is like an old-fashioned charity that cherishes words." "There are no more than 1000 books in the library, and most of them are old, bad and shabby Chinese textbooks, which were left over from schools closed because of the war." All these reflect that social life is quite broad. Qian Zhongshu satirized these social phenomena from the height of philosophy. His satire has gone far beyond that society and that era. Second, irony is naturally revealed through the development of the plot and the details of the sculptor. Fortress Besieged vividly exposes the humble soul of the characters through their ridiculous faces, which makes the work receive good comedy effect. For example, the description of the protagonist Fang Hung-chien after his return from overseas is very wonderful: Fang Hung-chien came back from overseas and "returned home dressed in gold", which shocked the small county town in his hometown. First, he published news in the newspaper, and then he was invited back to his alma mater to give an academic report on "The Influence of Western Culture in the History of China". Fang Hung-chien put it this way: "For hundreds of years in Haitong, there were only two things left in the whole China society, one was opium and the other was syphilis, both of which were western civilizations absorbed by the Ming Dynasty." "Opium inspired many literary works. Ancient poets seek inspiration from wine, while modern European and American poets get inspiration from opium. Syphilis is genetically idiotic, crazy and disabled, but it is said that it can also stimulate genius. " The screenwriter did not comment on Dr. Fang's macro theory, but put Dr. Fang's ignorant and absurd image on the paper, which made people feel ridiculous. Qian Zhongshu sharply satirized the so-called "western civilization" through Fang Hung-chien's absurd macro theory, that is, the "civilization" advocated by imperialism was nothing more than opium and syphilis. Judging from the whole article, there are not many comments on Fang Hung-chien. Through the development of the plot, it is natural to point the finger at the personality weakness of people like Fang Hung-chien and point to the cultural environment and social and political environment. Qian Zhongshu is also good at grasping the details of irony. Jun Shen Ming claimed that he hated women's myopia and glasses most in his life, because he was afraid to see women's faces clearly. At the same time, he claimed that he was only natural, and there was no animality in human nature. However, when talking to Sue, he was so excited that he splashed his glass directly into the milk cup with his nose. The vivid description of this detail undoubtedly vividly depicts the hypocritical image of Jun Shen Ming. After being abandoned by Miss Bao, Fang Hung-chien became very close to Miss Su. Liu, the waiter, is very bitter because he can't ask for money when he lives with him. He was shocked when he saw this scene, so he spat into the spittoon. A word "spit" indicates the depth of resentment, and a word "beat" indicates speed and strength. Liu Jiuxu's complex and intense emotional movements are vividly displayed, with both form and spirit, which is of commemorative significance. Gao Songnian and Fang Hung-chien talked for the first time. Gao Songnian broke his word and played tricks on the teacher with political skills. First, he took advantage of the postal chaos during the Anti-Japanese War, boldly lied, and looked at Fang Hung-chien with a brave eye, but felt that it was all his own fault. The man who broke his word became a gentleman who was serious about his work, only focused on real talent and learning, and was good at caring for others, while the victim was extremely ashamed. Commenting on new poems, Cao Yuanlang said, "It is unfortunate that a poem is meaningful without seeking its meaning." These words made a sharp satire on some new poems, without seeking their meaning or meaning, which was meaningless, and the satire on new poems at that time was quite mean. These details have achieved a good ironic effect. Third, satire is flexible and diverse. The satirical techniques in Fortress Besieged are flexible and varied, and the techniques of metaphor, allusion, comparison and reasoning can be seen everywhere, achieving a nearly perfect satirical effect. As an expert in Chinese and Western studies, the author used a lot of Chinese and foreign cultural and literary allusions in Fortress Besieged. From China's Art of War in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin Dynasty to Tongguang poems in the Qing Dynasty, from Aesop's fables and Arabian Nights in ancient Greece to American anecdotes and famous French sentences. In addition to literature, the content of allusions also involves philosophy, religion, art of war, medicine, biology and other knowledge. For example, in the eighth chapter, the boss of the office controls the skills of his subordinates, learns from westerners to drive donkeys, hangs a bunch of carrots on the donkey's mouth, and lures the donkey to go forward desperately. This is a wonderful pen from "Lena Solitaire" in France. When Fang Hung-chien bought a fake diploma, he quoted Plato's Republic and Confucius and Mencius to defend himself. He believes that buying a diploma deceives his parents and thinks that "he is also a dutiful son and a good husband, and he should try his best to support his ambition." Here, a few Chinese and western allusions are used to illustrate Fang Hung-chien's self-mockery and self-deception. Increased the power of irony and criticism. The metaphors in Fortress Besieged have a wide range of sources, are unconventional and have profound philosophical meanings, which make people laugh frequently and understand profound truth at the same time. For example, "a person's shortcomings are like a monkey's tail." When the monkey squatted on the ground, its tail was not visible until it climbed the tree, so it was offered to the public as a tribute. However, this red-rumped long tail is already a new sign that it is not a status climber. " This parable with the flavor of aphorism thoroughly mocked and satirized Gao Songnian's bad nature after he climbed to the position of principal. Another example is that Fang Hung-chien and his party took a bus from Ningbo to Jinhua, which was bumpy and uncomfortable all the way. The author wrote this broken car, which is full of fun: "This car has a long history and should have enjoyed its old age, but it was retired before the Anti-Japanese War. Machines have no temperament, and this car, relying on the old to sell the old, has developed into an unruly, eccentric and unpredictable character. Sometimes he looks like a big bureaucrat, sometimes he looks like a little girl, and rude drivers don't understand. When it started, it coughed in front and became discouraged in the back, so it jumped up, causing the passengers to stagger and shout in unison ... Run for a mile or two at a time, ... Can you go the way ahead? " He was very angry and refused to leave, so the driver had to get off and dredge the front of the car for a long time. He picked up a pile of mud by the roadside and asked him to enjoy it. He waddled along like a drunk. Here, the author compares the old car to a showy bureaucrat and a clumsy girl. Imagination is wonderful, fresh and unique. It not only describes the ruin of the car to the fullest, but also ridicules the ugliness of bureaucrats and girls. There is a cynicism in the irony. Another example is Wang Meiyu, a prostitute: "I suddenly found Mr. Gu's attention, and I smiled at it, full of bright red root meat, uneven like a chivalrous mind." How can "root meat" be like "brain"? But come to think of it, don't all knights love to be attacked? It turns out that this is a metaphor for uneven meat, which is really unexpected. Another example is "Where there are chickens and ducks, there will be more feces, and where there are women, there will be more smiles", "Telephone calls are lazy visits and stingy communication" and so on. This novel and unique metaphor can be seen everywhere, which is refreshing and thought-provoking.