About the history and development of movies.

The birth of film is the product of the development of science and technology to a certain stage, involving optics, electricity, chemistry, physiology and psychology in physics, as well as mechanical manufacturing and photography technology. When these technologies are developed to a considerable extent, movies appear and develop with the development of these disciplines and technologies.

First of all, the discovery and establishment of the principle of visual persistence provide the necessary conditions for the production of movies.

What is the principle of visual persistence? Young friends may have seen and played with a toy called magic disk when they were young.

On a round cardboard, there is a bird on one side and a birdcage on the other.

When you tighten the rope tied at both ends of the cardboard to make it rotate quickly, it is like a bird being locked in a cage.

If we light a incense in the dark and wave it around quickly, we will see a circle of people.

These are all visual persistence phenomena.

At this time, because the video reflected on our retina will not disappear immediately, the video seen by people has the characteristic of staying on the retina.

Scientists have tested and confirmed that the video can still remain on the retina for about 0. L seconds later, it disappeared in front of my eyes.

In today's movies, every frame on the film is a still photo.

However, by giving us the illusion of continuous motion, this is the effect produced by using the principle of visual persistence.

Secondly, the invention of the film was realized on the basis of the continuous improvement of the material and technical conditions of photography.

In fact, it refers to rapid photography, while ordinary photography can only shoot still life or people who are taking pictures, and can't shoot and express people and things in continuous motion.

It is said that in the 1950s of 19, a photographer wanted to show a person putting down his arm. He used the following methods: first, he photographed the gesture of raising his hand, then reloaded the unexposed film into the camera, and then photographed the gesture of putting down his hand a little bit, and so on until his hand was completely put down.

It is so difficult and tedious to shoot a simple action. If you want to shoot a quick and complicated continuous action, you will naturally be overwhelmed.

1872, a wealthy American businessman and a man bet that when a horse is running, its four hooves will leave the ground at the same time.

In order to prove that his judgment was correct, he paid a lot of money to hire a photographer to photograph the horse running.

The photographer put more than 40 cameras on the runway for continuous shooting. It took several years to complete the experiment until 1880. Although he succeeded, his film can only be played for a second or two.

It can be seen that the general photography technology is impossible to meet the needs of film photography.

1888, after years of exploration, French physiologist Marley finally made a continuous camera with moving film, which laid the initial foundation for film photography for the first time.

In addition, movies that meet the needs of cinematography must be produced by chemical industry and its technology, and it is not easy for movies to project light and shadow on the screen at a stable and balanced speed through projectors. It depends on the advanced technical conditions provided by the machinery industry for the manufacture of projectors.

1894 Edison invented the "movie mirror", which can be shown for half a minute at a time, but only one person can watch it at a time. Inspired by the operation technology of sewing machine, Lumiere made a great breakthrough in making projectors on the basis of previous exploration and experiments. He invented the projection technology that the film passes through the projector door at a balanced speed of 16 frames per second, so that the image can be clearly and stably projected on the screen for everyone to watch, and finally the film is ushered in.

1895 65438+February 28th-an extraordinary day with special significance in the history of human cultural development.

On this day, Louis Lumiere, an entrepreneur and photographer in Lyon, France, officially released several "moving photos" made by himself to the public at Indian Salon 7, a big coffee shop at Kapesin Road 14, such as Train Arrives at the Station, Factory Gate, Baby Drinking Soup, Watered Gardener and other earliest movies in the world.

It is recognized by the world film circle and film historians that it marks the end of the film invention stage and the official beginning of the film era.

Lumiere, a great film pioneer, wrote a glorious first page for the world film history.

August 1896, 1 1, the film was introduced to China.

At that time, foreigners showed a movie about foreigners' life in another village teahouse in Xu Yuan, which caused a sensation and was called a Western movie.

Since then, French, British, Russian and Italian films have also been introduced to China and shown in restaurants and teahouses.

China 1 film is 1905, and Dingjun Mountain was shot by Ren Jingfeng, the owner of Beijing Fengtai Photo Studio.

This is a short play starring a famous Peking Opera actor at that time, and Dingjun Mountain is a reserved play of Tan School.

Peking Opera was the most popular and familiar drama in China at that time, and Tan Xinpei was the most popular Peking Opera artist at that time.

From today's perspective, Ren Jingfeng's choice at that time was quite subtle, so the film was a great success.

According to the newspaper, there was 13 "People's Trends in Empty Alleys" during the screening.

Of course, because it was still the silent film era, Ren Jingfeng and others only filmed scenes with many martial arts or dances, such as volunteer service, sword dancing and confrontation.

About the 1920s, China's film industry was still in its infancy.

19 17

In 2000, China established its own film enterprise-Film Department of Commercial Press.

Some film types such as feature films, martial arts films, documentaries, scenery films and cartoons have appeared, but they are basically in the exploration stage.

Some films made at that time, such as Yan and imported marble, were inferior in content and art.

However, some movies did have positive significance at that time.

For example, China 1 short film "It's Hard for a Husband to Find a Wife" reflects the irrationality of arranged marriage to some extent.

19 13, funded by Americans and filmed by China.

Zhuangzi's wife trial turned into 1 film sent abroad.

193 1 year, 1 The sound film Goddess Red Peony was also born.

In the early 1930s, the establishment of the League of Chinese Left-wing Writers marked China's left wing.

The rise of literary movement also marks the rise of left-wing movies.

Japanese imperialist aggression against China on September 18th and November 28th aroused the awakening of the people of China.

Under the leadership of China, progressive filmmakers have produced many films with positive social significance and considerable artistic level, such as Spring.

Silkworm, Robbery of Peach and Plum, Son of the Storm, God of Freedom, Goddess, New Woman, Crossroads, Street Angels, Wolf Mountain Butterfly Blood, etc.

Sun Yu's Wild Grass Flowers not only has certain social significance in content, but also

Looking for Brother is an episode of China's first film.

Cai Chusheng's Jade Refraction has a great influence at home and abroad.

During this period, China film artists became more proficient in the use of film language, and the techniques of pushing, pulling, shaking, following, rising and falling, as well as the use of various montage means reached a relatively high level.

After 1937, China film artists filmed War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression-themed films such as The Storm of the Great Wall, 14 eight hundred heroes, and Wan Li in Heaven, which inspired the fighting spirit of China people.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, progressive filmmakers in the * * * ruled area made films such as One River Flows eastward, Eight Thousand Miles of Clouds and Moon, Thousands of Lights, San Mao's Wandering, Crow and Sparrow, which effectively exposed the corrupt and counter-revolutionary nature of the villains.

Liberated areas with poor material conditions and technical equipment have also begun to set up their own film enterprises. 1946, Northeast Film Studio was established in Hegang, Heilongjiang, which laid the foundation for the development of people's film industry.

After liberation, China's film industry has made remarkable achievements.

Not only have many new film studios been established, but also some famous and outstanding film artists have created these studios.

Many excellent films have been made, and many new people have emerged.

Many movies, such as White-haired Girl, Iron Soldier, Butterfly Lovers, Nie Er, My Life, etc. , has also won international awards or praise.

Ten years of catastrophe has done great harm to China's film industry.

After the downfall of the Gang of Four, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the film industry in China entered a period of all-round development and unprecedented prosperity.

Many new themes, new methods and new film artists have emerged in large numbers and made great achievements.

Director China, represented by Xie Jin, Chen Kaige and Zhang Yimou, has made many internationally renowned films, such as The Legend of Tian Yun, Yellow Land and Red Sorghum. Like China's economy, China's films are steadily moving towards the world.