The original and translation of Bao Ren Shao Qing Shu?

When Taishigong left, Sima Qian once again bowed to Shao Qing's feet: those who are embarrassed to give books, teach them to accept things carefully and promote sages to be scholars; Diligent reclamation, looking at servants, use the words of the common people. I dare not do so. Although I stopped talking, I also tasted the legacy of the old man. Gu thinks that he is physically disabled and filthy, but when he moves, he will see you and want to gain benefits. Who are you talking to because you are lonely? As the saying goes, "Who did it? What makes you listen? " When Gai Zhongzi died, Boya never played drums again. What is this? Scholars are used as confidants, and women are pleased with themselves. If the servant's quality has been lacking, although the material is harmonious, if the lines are flexible and foreign, you can't be proud of it, but you can nod your head with a smile. The words in the book should be answered. Huidong came from above and forced the bitch. We meet for a short time, and there is no moment between death, so we have to run out of will. Today, Shao Qing is guilty, involved in October, forced to winter, and his servant is thin and obedient. I'm afraid I'll die, but I can't hide it. It is the servant who finally can't let go of his anger, but the soul of the deceased has endless personal hatred. Please remain humble in Chen Gu. If you haven't reported for a long time, you are lucky not to have too much!

Servants smell it, a symbol of self-cultivation and wisdom; Love the giver, the end of benevolence is also; Take, the table of righteousness; Shame and courage; Those who are famous do very well. Scholars have these five things, and then they can trust the world and rank among gentlemen. Therefore, misfortune is not good, sorrow is not sorrow, ugliness is humiliation, and shame is greater than castration. There are countless people at large, and they are never far away. In the past, it was carried with Yongqu, and Confucius was suitable for Chen; Shang Yang was chilling because of his fine sword; The same child participated in the ride, and Si Yuan changed color; It has been a shame since ancient times. Being a good man is not only harmful, but also generous! Although there are few people in the imperial court now, how can we recommend that the world is magnificent? Servants rely on their ancestors' career and have to be punished for more than 20 years. Therefore, if you are self-sufficient, you can't be loyal and trustworthy, and you have a reputation for being resourceful and self-aware. Secondly, we can't fill vacancies, we can't recruit talents, and we can't show the people in the rock; In addition, you can't prepare martial arts, attack the city and fight the field, and have the right to cut the flag; Secondly, we should not accumulate over time and be respectful and generous to officials, thinking that the clan will make friends with them. None of the four works, and obviously there is no short-term effect. Villagers and servants often go down to the ranks of doctors, accompany the outer court to discuss until the end, and do not take this time to introduce the outline of the dimension and try their best to think. Now they have lost their shape. In order to sweep away slaves, they should hold their heads high and discuss right and wrong, which is not only a slight insult to the imperial court, but also a humiliation to the wicked in the world. Ha ha! Ha ha! If you are a servant, what can you say? What are you talking about? And the end of the story is not clear. Servants have little to worry about, and country songs have no reputation. Fortunately, because of their ancestors, God asked them to play Ji Bo and go in and out of Zhou Wei. Servants wonder why they wear pots and look up at the sky, so they never know what the guests are doing. They spend their unscrupulous material strength day and night, trying to please their loved ones and flatter their masters, but things are ridiculous. Servants and Li Ling, both living under the door, are not always kind to each other, but they have different interests. They have never had a glass of wine and have been treated. However, servants regard him as a human being, guard against strangers, be filial to strangers, be loyal to strangers, treat others with sincerity, take justice from righteousness, be humble and thrifty to others, and always think about the urgency of the country. Its elements have also accumulated, and servants think that there is a national style. My wife and I went to public office regardless of my life plan, which is amazing. Today, if you do something wrong and protect your wife and minister with all your heart, you will be short-lived and your servant will be heartbroken! Moreover, Li Ling's foot soldiers are less than 5,000, and they are deeply trained in the land of military strategists. He lived in Wang Ting, where the bait was in the jaws of death, and raised hundreds of millions of teachers. Killed by Khan Lien Chan for more than ten days. Lu saves lives, and the king of Qiu is afraid of salt shock. He learned that the wise kings around him were recruiting, raised their bows, and surrounded him. Thousands of miles, the vector is exhausted, the reinforcements are insufficient, and the foot soldiers are killed and injured. However, when Li Ling called for help, the sergeant couldn't help it. He bowed his head and wept bitterly, even more empty-handed, holding a white blade and fighting for the enemy in the north. Before the grave robbery was over, there was a report that Han Gongqing's vassals had been given a life. A few days later, the mausoleum was defeated, and the king refused to eat it. The minister was very worried and didn't know what to say. I didn't expect to be humble, but when I saw the grief of the Lord, I really wanted to help him with money, thinking that Li Lingshu and the scholar-officials were very willing to get less points and get the right to die, although the ancient name was not enough. Although defeated, but look at its intention, want to get it, report it to Korea; There's nothing we can do. It has destroyed enough to make the world full of violence. Servant to speak, but there is no way, so it is easy to ask, that is, to refer to it, to push the work of the mausoleum, to fill in the words with the meaning of the Lord, failed to explain. The wise master didn't know that the servant was trapped in the second division because he was lobbying for Li Ling, so he was loyal to the boxing. Because of false accusation, the death will be discussed with the official. The family is poor, the goods are not enough to redeem, and making friends is not a word. I'm not a stone. I'm alone with the judges and live in seclusion. Who can tell me? This is what Shao Qing really saw. Servant action is not true? Since Li Ling was born, he admired the voice of his family. His servant was a silkworm house, which made him smile for the world. Sad husband! Sad husband!

It is not easy. This is a layman's word. The ancestor of servants had the merit of cutting Fu Dan's books, and his literary and historical ephemeris was almost between divination and blessing, which strengthened the mockery of lords, advocated the superiority of livestock and ignored vulgarity. If the servant is punished, if nine cows die and one hair dies, why is it different from ants? Moreover, this world is not compared with people who can die, especially thinking that lack of wisdom is extremely sinful. If you don't save yourself, you will die. What is this? It is also because of the self-establishment of elements. People are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Don't insult your body first, then your body, then your color, then your words, then your body, then your clothes, then your rope, then your hair, your baby, your money, your color, your color, your body, your clothes, your hair, your hair. Chuan said: "The punishment is not on the doctor." This statement is not without encouragement. The tiger was in the deep mountains, and all the animals were surprised. They were trapped and wagged their tails for food, and gradually gained power. Therefore, it is impossible for a scholar to go to prison in a planned way, and it is not right to chop wood for officials. Today, making friends with brothers, suffering from wooden ropes, attacking flesh and blood, suffering from lists, living in the wall. At this time, I patted my head when I saw the jailer, and rested when I saw my apprentice. What? So is the trend of accumulating prestige.

At this time, the person who does not insult, the so-called strong face, is it expensive? Xibo and Boya were detained in prison; Li Si, Xiang Ye, has five punishments; Huaiyin, armed by Chen; Peng Yue and Zhang Ao, known as orphans in the south, went to prison to make amends; Crimson Hou Zhu Lu, right pour five bo, imprisoned in the room; The general put on his horse and Guan put on his horse. Ji Bu is a slave of the Zhujiajian family, and her husband is humiliated in the bedroom. This man is a prince general, famous in neighboring countries, and he is guilty of the most heinous crimes. He can't blame himself. In the dust, he integrated the past and the present and lived up to his mission. From this point of view, courage and fear, potential also; Force, shape also. What's strange about the trial? Ma 'am, you can't cut yourself off from the rope ink. It's a little late. As for the whip pestle, it is to attract festivals. Isn't it far? Almost for this reason, ancient people severely punished doctors. My wife loves life and hates death. She misses her parents and cares about her wife. If she dares to do what is right, she is forced. Today's servants are unfortunate. Fleas have lost their parents, no brothers and relatives, and are single and helpless. How can Shao Qing take his servant as his wife? And the brave don't have to die, and fear is righteous. Although the servant is timid and wants to live, he also knows the difference between going and not going. Why should he be drowned and humiliated by himself? Besides, it's up to him to decide whether a man can get a maid or concubine. What about the last resort of the servant? Therefore, people who live in seclusion in the dirt hate their selfishness, humbleness and lack of literary talent.

Ancient people were rich and famous, but they couldn't remember. They are only charming and extraordinary. King Gavin was arrested and played Zhouyi, and Zhongnieu was in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao. Zuo Qiu is blind and has Mandarin; The foot of Sun Tzu's Art of War has been revised; Don't move to Shu Wei, preach Lu Lan; Han Fei imprisoned Qin, saying it was difficult and lonely; There are 300 poems, which are generally attributed to the angry actions of sages. This person has a sense of stagnation and can't understand it, so he tells the past and thinks about new people. However, if Zuo Qiuming has no eyes and his grandson has a broken foot, he will never get it. Therefore, he will retreat to discuss the book strategy to relieve his anger and think empty words to see himself. A servant is not inferior to a thief. With his incompetent words, he is trapped in the old news, observes his behavior slightly, and records his success or failure from the beginning. As for this, it is ten tables, twelve books, eight chapters, thirty families and seventy biographies, all of which are 130 articles. I also want to study the changes of ancient and modern times and become a family statement. Before the grass was created, it would suffer this kind of disaster. I'm sorry it won't succeed. So, I will be executed without getting angry. Servants have written this book, and the famous mountains have disappeared, spread to the people and spread to the city. That servant will pay for the shame before. Even if he is killed, will he regret it? However, this can be said to the wise, but not to outsiders.

The negative is hard, dirty and slanderous. The servant's oral English encountered such a disaster and was laughed at by the village for insulting his ancestors. How can they go back to their parents' graves? Although it has been a hundred years, the dirt is very eye-catching. It is because the intestines are nine times a day that you will suddenly die if you live in them, but when you go out, you don't know where to go. Every time I think about shame, I sweat and get my clothes on! I would rather be a boudoir minister than lead myself to the evil hidden in the cave! Therefore, we should rise and fall from vulgarity and keep pace with the times to get rid of its madness. Today, Shao Qingjiao advocates sages and scholars. There is nothing wrong with the selfishness of servants! Although I want to carve my own words to explain myself, it's useless, and it's enough to insult my ears if I don't believe in vulgarity. Ask for it and die, and then decide right or wrong. This book can't be the best, so it's a bit rough in Chen Gu. Thanks again.

This paper is based on "Four Editions" and "Six Selected Works" in Song Dynasty.

The translation is as follows:

Taishigong, a servant like an ox and a horse, bowed to Sima Qian again and said, "Qing, the first step: some time ago, you condescended to write to me and taught me to be cautious in dealing with people." I should take it as my duty to recommend sages. " The affection is so sincere, as if complaining that I didn't follow your teachings, but followed the opinions of secular people. I dare not do this. Although my talent is mediocre, I have also heard about the fashion handed down by virtuous people from the audience. It's just that I think my physical disability is in a filthy and shameful situation, and my behavior will be criticized. If I want to do something useful, it will cause harm, so I can only be depressed alone, and no one can tell. The proverb says, "Who do you work for? Who will listen to you! " After Zhong Ziqi's death, Yu Boya stopped playing the piano all his life. Why? Scholars should serve their confidants, and women should dress up and beautify those who love her. People like me, even if their talents are as precious as those of the Empress of Sui Dynasty and Bian, and their conduct is as noble as those of Xu You and Bo Yi, can no longer be proud of it, but can only be laughed at and humiliated by others. Your letter should have been answered as soon as possible, just as I came back from the emperor's eastward tour, and I was busy with some trivial matters, so I had little chance to meet you, so I was anxious and unavailable, so I was able to express my thoughts in my heart. Now you are suffering from unpredictable crimes. In another month, the end of winter is coming, and I am forced to follow the emperor to Yongdi. I'm afraid that the inevitable will happen suddenly, so that I can't express my resentment to you in the end, and your soul will be full of regret. Please allow me to state my humble opinion a little. I hope you don't blame me for not replying for a long time.

I heard that self-cultivation is a concentrated expression of wisdom; Loving and helping others is the origin of benevolence; What you get and what you give is the expression of righteousness; Shame is a prerequisite for courage; Establishing reputation is the ultimate goal of behavior. Only when scholars have these five aspects can they gain a foothold in the world and enter the ranks of gentlemen. Therefore, nothing is worse than greed and self-interest, nothing is more painful than sadness, nothing is more ugly than insulting ancestors, and nothing is more shameful than castration. People who get the rest of their lives after being punished have a long history and can't compare with others or a generation. Once, I rode in the same car with eunuch Yong Qu. When Confucius saw them, he went to Chen. Shang Yang relied on the introduction of eunuch Jing Ke to be reused, and Zhao Liang felt chilling; When Zhao talked about accompanying Deng Wendi on the bus, his face changed. Eunuchs have been a disgrace since ancient times. Those people with mediocre talents are always discouraged when it comes to eunuchs, let alone people with lofty ideals. Nowadays, although the imperial court is short of talents, how can a man who has been in prison recommend heroes all over the world? I have been an official beside the emperor for more than 20 years, relying on the career left by my ancestors. Therefore, I often think about myself and say to the heights that I can't serve my integrity wholeheartedly. My amazing strategy and special ability have not been praised, and I have won the trust of sages. Secondly, we can't fill the gaps for the emperor, nor can we recruit people who recommend talents, so that the hermits in Shan Ye can show their talents; Externally, you can't join the army and attack the city in other places. Kill the enemy and win the enemy's flag. At the bottom, we can't get high officials and high salaries with our accumulated hard work, which will make our relatives and friends feel honored. These four things didn't get what I wanted. I just tried my best to please the emperor, and there won't be any special performance. My situation can also be seen from here. Once upon a time, in the ranks of doctors, I accompanied others abroad to express some irrelevant opinions. I didn't take advantage of this opportunity to do my best according to the imperial decree. Now I have become a servant engaged in cleaning, and my position is humble. I will also hold my head high and comment on right and wrong. Isn't that insulting the imperial court and humiliating today's scholars? Alas! Alas! What can a man like me say?

Besides, the cause and effect of the matter is not clear. When I was young, I was conceited of my unrestrained talent. I didn't get praise from the village when I grew up. Fortunately, the emperor can contribute my shallow talent to the palace. I thought how I could look at the sky with a basin in my hand, so I cut off contacts with my friends, forgot my family affairs, and tried to do my duty day and night to please the emperor. However, things turned out to be all wet, not what I thought. Li Ling and I are both officials of the imperial court, and we usually have no friendship. We have different interests, and we have never had a drink or enjoyed sex together. But I have observed that he is a chivalrous man who is strict with himself, serves his parents and stresses filial piety. He attaches importance to honesty in treating scholars, is honest in front of money, takes righteousness as the criterion in accepting and giving, is willing to give in to unusual things, is humble to others, and always wants to sacrifice himself for the urgency of the country. Judging from his usual words and deeds, I think he has a national demeanor. As a courtier, although he experienced all kinds of dangers, he did not consider his own life, but only the crisis of saving the public. This is already very surprising. What I'm doing now is a bit inappropriate. Ministers who only care about protecting themselves and their wives and children exaggerate his mistakes. I really feel pain inside.

In addition, Li Ling led less than 5,000 infantry, went deep into the battlefield and set foot in the Xiongnu station, dropped bait at the gate of hell, bravely challenged the powerful Xiongnu, fought hundreds of millions of enemy troops and Khan for more than ten days, and killed more enemies than his own army. The enemy neglected to rescue the dead and wounded soldiers, and the Xiongnu kings were shocked and horrified, so they mobilized all the military forces of the good king around them and launched people who could draw bows and shoot arrows. The national army jointly besieged Liling, and Liling had thousands of troops. The arrows were exhausted, the road was exhausted, reinforcements could not arrive, and soldiers were killed and wounded. However, when Li Ling comforted the army loudly, the soldiers all stood up. They were all in tears and their faces were covered with blood. They swallowed their tears, then drew empty bows and braved swords and arrows to fight to the death with the enemy in the north. Before the fall of Liling, an envoy came to report the situation, and officials and princes of the Han Dynasty all raised their glasses to congratulate the emperor. A few days later, when I learned that Li Ling was defeated, the emperor didn't eat well for it, and the minister was worried and didn't know what to do. I have never thought about my meanness in private. Seeing the emperor's sorrow, I really want to offer my sincere loyalty. I think that Li Ling is usually with officers, and he doesn't eat sweets himself, so giving something to himself can make people work for him to death. Although it is the star of ancient times, it can't surpass him. Although Li Ling was defeated by Xiongnu, according to his mind, he would wait until the right time to serve the Han Dynasty. Things are very helpless. He wiped out so many enemy troops, a feat that was enough to tell the world. I wanted to state this point in my heart, but there was no chance. It happened that the emperor summoned me for questioning. I will explain Li Ling's exploits according to this meaning, and I want to use these words to comfort the emperor's heart and stop the evil words of those who hate Li Ling. I didn't fully explain it, but the emperor didn't understand it. He thought I was deliberately slandering Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division, and lobbying for Li Ling, so he handed me over to the court, and my sincerity and loyalty could not be stated one by one. So he was sentenced to cheat the emperor, and finally the emperor agreed to the prison officer's decision. My family is poor, my property is not enough to atone for my sins, no one from my friends came to save me, and no one around the emperor said anything to the emperor. He is not a wooden stone, but is imprisoned in prison with the judge. Who can listen to me? This is exactly what Shao Qing saw with his own eyes and what I did, isn't it? Now that Li Ling surrendered to the Huns, it ruined his family's reputation, and I was sentenced to live in a silkworm house, which was even more ridiculed by the world. I'm sad! It is not easy to tell the people one by one.

My ancestors didn't make any contribution, and they could get the outline symbol and the iron coupon of Dan Shu given by the emperor, and they were in charge of history books and astronomical calendars. Officials who are similar to divination sacrifices were originally played for the emperor. Like raising animals and advocating Excellence, they are all occupations that secular people look down upon. If I am executed according to law, it will be like nine cows losing a hair. What's the difference between a dead mole and an ant? The world will not compare me with those who died of integrity, but think that you are exhausted in wisdom and sin, you can't redeem yourself, and finally you die. Why? It is caused by my usual work and occupation. Everyone will die. Some people die heavier than Mount Tai, while others die lighter than a feather. Why death is different. The most important thing is not to humiliate our ancestors, secondly, not to humiliate ourselves, secondly, not to insult laws and decrees, thirdly, to be tied up and humiliated, thirdly, to be humiliated by wearing prison clothes, thirdly, to be punished and humiliated by wearing cangue and rope, thirdly, to shave one's head and wear iron rings, thirdly, to lose one's skin and limb, and thirdly, to be castrated and humiliated. The ancient book says: "the punishment is not on the doctor." In other words, the literati should sharpen their integrity. Tigers are in the mountains, and all animals are frightened. When it reaches the trap or cage, it has to wag its tail and beg for food. This is the result of long-term power restriction and gradual progress. Therefore, even if there are marked prisons on the ground, scholars are not allowed to enter; Even if you are tried by a wooden warder, you can't be confronted. It is a clear attitude to commit suicide first and then be punished. Now he is tied hands and feet, put on a cangue rope, exposed his skin, whipped and imprisoned in prison. At this time, when you see the jailer, you have to kowtow. When you saw the jailer, you were too scared to vent your anger. Why? This is a situation caused by the long-term restriction of power. People who say they are not ashamed at this point are so-called thick-skinned. What is there to respect? What's more, Xibo () was the leader of a vassal and was once detained in Yu (yǒu, especially); Reese was the prime minister and received five kinds of punishment; Han Xin was already a vassal, but he was tortured in Chen. Peng Yue and Zhang ao became kings in the south, and they were all imprisoned and convicted as a result; Jiang Hou Zhou Bo killed the Lushi family who surpassed the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was later imprisoned in his room for punishment. (Jρ, Ji) Hou was a general. At last, he put on his prison clothes and brought instruments of torture. Ji Bu became a domestic slave of Zhujiajia; Guanfu was locked in the bedroom and was humiliated. These people have been living a life of princes and princes, and their fame has spread to neighboring countries. When they commit crimes and are punished by laws and regulations, they can't make up their minds to commit suicide. In prison, it has always been like this. How can he not lose face! Judging from these situations, courage and cowardice are caused by different power positions; The strength depends on the situation. That's clear. What's the surprise? Besides, if a person can't commit suicide before being punished, he has gradually declined; Isn't it too late to commit suicide when it's time to flog? This is probably the reason why the ancients should treat literati punishment with caution!

There is no human nature that does not crave for survival and hates death, and there is no indifference to parents, wives and children. As for those who are inspired by righteousness, this is not the case, it is due to the situation of necessity. Now I am very unfortunate. I lost my parents in my early years. So far I have no brothers and am alone in the world. What do you think of my wife and children, Shao Qing? Besides, brave people don't have to die a martyr. Timid people just advocate chastity and can't encourage themselves under any circumstances! Although I am timid and want to drag out an ignoble existence, I also know the boundary between drag out an ignoble existence and dying. Why should I be ashamed of being trapped in prison? Handmaiden concubines can also commit suicide, not to mention people like me who have to commit suicide! The reason why I have to swallow my pride, drag out an ignoble existence and be imprisoned in a filthy prison is because of what I hate inside, and it is a shame that my article can't be passed on to future generations after my death!

In ancient times, people who were rich but lost their fame could not be recorded, and only extraordinary special people could be known to future generations. After Zhou Wenwang was detained, he performed the sixty-four hexagrams in Zhouyi. Confucius began to write Spring and Autumn Annals after he came back from his predicament. Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao only after he was exiled. Zuo Qiuming began to write Mandarin only after he became blind. Sun Tzu's feet were cut off and Sun Tzu's art of war was compiled. Being demoted to Shu, Lv Chunqiu was published in the world. Han Fei was imprisoned by the State of Qin and wrote articles such as Shuo (Shu). Most of the 300 poems in The Book of Songs were written by sages to express their worries. These people are depressed and can't realize their ideals, so they describe their past, hoping that later generations can see and understand their thoughts. As for Zuo Qiuming, his eyes were blind, his grandson had his foot cut off, and he couldn't be appointed in the end. He retired and wrote a book to relieve their indignation, hoping to spread the article to future generations to show his ambition. In recent years, I have devoted myself to useless words, collecting historical records and rumors scattered around the world, studying the deeds of predecessors and examining the truth of their success or failure. Up to now, I have written ten tables, twelve biographies, eight chapters, thirty aristocratic families and seventy biographies, totaling 130 articles. I also want to explore the relationship between heaven and personnel through historical development and changes from ancient times to the present, and complete a unique and self-contained work. The draft hasn't been finished yet, which is a disaster. It's a pity that the book was not finished, so the most cruel punishment didn't show resentment. I really want to write this book, treasure it in a famous mountain, pass it on to like-minded people and let it spread among cities. Then, I can pay back the debt I owed after being humiliated. Even if I am insulted again, will I regret it However, my painstaking efforts can only be said to the wise, but it is hard to say to the layman!

And it's hard to have a bad reputation. Being despised will attract more slander. I suffered this disaster because of my comments. I was deeply laughed at by my hometown people and insulted my ancestors. How dare I visit my parents' graves again? Even after another hundred generations, the shame will only get deeper and deeper! So every day, I feel sad and turn around, and suddenly I lose something at home, and I don't know where to go when I go out. Every time I think of this shame, there is no one who doesn't sweat and get wet. I am a eunuch, how can I retire and hide in a cave in the mountains? Therefore, we have to temporarily follow the ups and downs of the secular world and deal with the current situation to express our inner confusion. Now Shao Qing teaches me to recommend wise men, isn't it against my inner difficulties? Now, even if you want to whitewash yourself and comfort yourself with beautiful words, it's useless to the laity and you won't be trusted, just bring disgrace to oneself. In short, on the day of death, right and wrong can be decided. You can't write out all the meanings in the letter, you can only briefly state your own humble opinion. Bye.