What are the techniques of photography?

Light skills in photography. The soul of photography is to use light. Just like a rock band, the soul is bass. The charm of light and shadow is endless. As a master said, light is used to sculpt objects. Light and shadow is a treasure chest. If used properly, it will bring a new look to the picture. If the studio has 8-9 main light levels, it is not reasonable. Therefore, it is the best way to imitate the lighting of the "sun" and make the light levels as uniform as possible, with a broad and clear priority. Sometimes I don't hesitate to organize a main light source with 5-6 lamps to create an artificial sun in the studio. The main light source is preferably located directly above the furniture, and a soft light screen is added to make the light soft and diffuse, so that a large area of soft light can sweep a large area. In addition, several hard lamps (high-wattage flashlight for several seconds) are used, and honeycombs with different apertures are selected to cover the standard cover of the lamps as needed, so that several bright local light areas will appear on the main body of the furniture, thus immediately turning on the light and shade of the furniture and making people feel elegant. There are many kinds of light, soft or intense, dreamy or vivid, clear or hazy, hot and desolate or abrupt or delicate, dark or early spring, straight or oblique, emotional or restrained, peaceful or pale. If you want to make the bedroom furniture look softer, you can use soft lighting and dreamy lighting to achieve this effect instead of using low-contrast filters. Vivid light refers to bright contrast and full of vitality, while lifeless light is responsible for the lack of hierarchy and shadow. Clear light should be contrasted, but not too much. Silhouette shooting skills Silhouette, as a shooting method, can have many uses, which requires photographers to be flexible in creative techniques and innovative in creative ideas. So how to take good silhouette photos? 1. Fully show the physical features of the silhouette theme, and vividly combine the modeling with the background. It can be said that the shape is the language and the background is the intonation, and this language is sometimes louder than silence, which is the beauty of silhouette photos. Because in silhouette photos, the subject basically has no color and details, so the physical characteristics of the theme are very demanding, and the author needs to carefully choose the shooting angle and subject shape according to the later performance effect, fully display the external characteristics of the theme, and strive to be beautiful and vivid. 2. The acquisition of silhouette photos makes full use of the light difference between the theme and the background. Generally speaking, you can use backlight at sunrise and sunset, because the light at this time is the softest and looks not dazzling, which is a good time to shoot, usually only about ten minutes. In addition, we can make use of the artificial light difference between outdoor and indoor or the natural reflection of the sky and water. 3. Exposure should follow the principle of "less than the total", and spot metering should be carried out according to the bright part of the background, which makes the subject seriously underexposed and forms a strong silhouette. 4. When the proportion of the subject in the picture is too small or the picture is blank and monotonous, silhouette can be creatively used as the foreground. Black silhouette can not only oppress the audience's vision of the subject, but also not distract the audience. We can even use the silhouette as the main frame to form square, round or varied shapes, so that ordinary scenery has a unique sense of form and increases the depth of the picture. Portrait photography skills-photometry and exposure photometry are usually used for portrait shooting, and photometry is in the face, or even more strictly speaking, in the eyes. Use central focus or spot metering to move the metering point in the framing window to the face position, move to the correct composition after metering, and press the shutter. Because we usually take negative pictures of portraits, it is best to overexpose them by about 0.3 to 1, and the effect will be better when developing them. "The negative is on the top, the positive is on the bottom" is a mantra that many photographers often talk about. Aperture shooting portraits, the author uses a large aperture to obtain a shallow depth of field. It will be more prominent when the proportion of the main body is not very large. Another advantage of using a large aperture is that the shutter speed will not be slower than the safety limit when the weather is dark. What is the safety limit of shutter speed? It is a "critical value", faster than this limit, which can avoid the jitter of hands and the blur caused by the movement of the subject, but the shutter safety limit varies from person to person. First of all, it depends on whether the subject is moving and to what extent. The moving subject usually needs to freeze the picture, and 1/250 may be safer. If the subject is fixed, the camera bracket can freeze for about 1/8 seconds or even 1/4 seconds. Thirdly, we consider the stability of the photographer's own hands. Everyone's hand stability is different, about 1/60 seconds and the picture is not blurred, everyone can achieve it. For example, the stability of the author's hand is not very good, probably below 1/30, so I want to use a tripod. What is the safety limit of my hand? To sum up, 1/60 seconds should be no problem to shoot a fixed model, and it should take more than 1/250 seconds to shoot a sports model! The role and usage of all kinds of light in portrait photography In life and photography, light is the most important factor in the formation of all images and colors, and it is also an indispensable factor in creating the three-dimensional sense of everything in the universe. With light, human eyes can see the shape and color of everything. In the field of portrait photography, light will produce a latent image in CCD\CMOS, and it will also produce a soft and hard visual sense for characters under different light conditions, so light plays a certain role in shaping characters' personality and foreign trade characteristics. In the portrait photography in the shed, in order to achieve a more perfect lighting effect, the indoor studio must have more than two lights for lighting. This lighting technology is called "double lighting method". According to the function of each lamp, it can be divided into: ① main light; (2) auxiliary lights; 3 effect light. The light source of effect light can be subdivided into: ① background light; 2 lighting; (3) spotlight special effects lights, etc. As for the number of illumination light sources for illumination, there is no limit, and the number of lamps can be increased or decreased according to actual needs. Use of direct light: In sunny outdoor weather, sunlight is mostly direct light. Bare light in indoor shed (when there is no shelter or reflector light source) belongs to direct light type. This is a masculine and tough light quality. When used in portrait photography, it is difficult to produce soft texture and strong contrast between light and shade, so it is not suitable for direct lighting in portrait photography. The creators who like hard texture or landscape photography are not subject to this restriction. Application of scattered light: the light scattered by the outdoor sun through clouds or other shelters is called scattered light. The light refracted by reflective umbrella, shadowless hood or reflector in indoor shed belongs to scattered light. This is a soft light quality and an ideal light source for portrait photography, which can make the skin texture of portrait photography soft and beautiful. Outdoor portrait lighting and indoor portrait lighting are both light and shadow control technologies that photographers often use. Photographers can also create various lighting methods with changes or atmosphere according to their own preferences. Only in the overall performance of images and light and shadow, we need to have a sense of beauty with the human body, otherwise we will lose the appreciation significance of portrait photography. Tips for taking photos of pets The key to taking beautiful photos of pets is to grasp their personality. When you find these cute little animals doing something unusual or very interesting, you can take a snapshot at any time. For example, the innocence of a kitten or a puppy dozing off on their favorite mat is more touching than the posture they are forced to pose. Don't forget to use close-ups when taking close-ups, because if your lens itself is too close to pets, they will definitely not pose for you like models or big stars. Taking pictures of dark-haired pets It is difficult to take pictures of dark-haired pets, so be sure to make the background appear brighter when taking pictures of them. In addition, when shooting pets, you should pay attention to the position of shadows, just like shooting other objects. When using the flash, be careful not to let the pets have "red eyes". You can shoot in a bright place without using a flash. If you must use a flash, don't let your pet's eyes look directly at the lens to avoid the phenomenon of "red eye". When taking a group photo of several puppies or kittens, it is best to put them in a basket and let them snuggle up to each other, so that the shooting distance can be easily adjusted. If you want your pet's eyes to be aimed at the camera, you can gently call their names or use a sounding toy to attract their attention. In order to take ideal photos, you should not only prepare enough film, but also be patient, because all the professional animal photos you appreciate are taken by photographers after spending a lot of energy and time. When taking pictures of children playing with pets, we should pay attention to the fact that people and animals are at the same level. If your pet is very big, you can let it lie next to the child to get the ideal composition. Take pictures of your cat baby. At present, there are more and more pets at home, including cats, dogs, goldfish, birds and white rabbits. As a member of the family, they are inseparable, which adds a lot of interest to life. It is also a pleasure to take good photos of them. Shooting family pets Shooting family pets, we must first understand their life thoughts, grasp their special expression characteristics, shoot with appropriate props, arrange a relatively elegant and clean environment, wait patiently, and guide their expressions to let nature take its course, so as to shoot vivid and interesting pictures. Shooting tools are also important. Close-up shooting, you can use a standard lens. However, some animals can only shoot from a long distance, and need to be equipped with a medium focal length, a long focal length lens, or even an ultra-long focal length lens, or use a zoom lens to push and pull according to the movement of the action, which is more convenient. When using zoom lens, because of its heavy weight, it is usually fixed on a tripod to prevent jitter when shooting. The shutter speed is also higher. Shooting small animals at home should be combined with the environment to show that they are docile, kind and unrestrained, like a member of the family. Watch carefully, wait for the right moment, and then shoot. For example, when shooting puppies and kittens, we should capture their lively, lovely, docile and funny expressions. Also pay attention to their coat color, choose the appropriate background to set off, and don't be covered by the messy background. For example, if you shoot all black or dark animals, you should choose a bright background, and if you shoot all white and light animals, you should choose a dark background, so as to highlight the coat color of the main animal. In addition, you can also match appropriate props, such as playing with balls and climbing ladders, to show their naughty demeanor. You can also combine some performance projects with children or adults who play together to show a harmonious environment with family members. It is best to use a rectangular glass fish tank to photograph the fish raised at home. When shooting, you can put another piece of glass in the fish tank and drive the fish to the front to shoot, so that you can shoot the goldfish swimming. If the surface of the glass negative tube reflects light or the shadow of the camera, it can be avoided by slightly choosing the gears on both sides of the fish tank. If you use the pitching technique, you can use a large shallow dish or a white washbasin to put the fish in shallow water and shoot it from above, and you can also get good results. When shooting fish, you can use lighting sources at the top or both sides. Goldfish and tropical fish will be more beautiful and moving under the irradiation of light. Because the fish tank and water surface are easy to reflect light, the picture taken is not clear, so when shooting, put the polarizing lens in front of the camera lens, rotate the lens and adjust the shooting angle (the best angle is 45 degrees) to make the picture clearest. However, the polarizer has a certain dimming effect, so in order to ensure clear shooting, the camera should be placed on a tripod when shooting. It's more difficult to shoot birds than animals, because birds are afraid of people and people jump up when they get close, so it's difficult to shoot at close range. A zoom lens can be used if conditions permit. People are far away, or hide to show only the camera lens. Put the camera on a tripod and wait patiently, or remove some feed that birds like to eat within a certain range. When birds come to eat, seize the right time to shoot, shoot birds landing, flying and singing on the branches. Shooting Skills of Exterior Photography Exterior photography is the freshest and most natural style of all photographic works, and it is also the most popular photo type. In addition, every photographer who loves photography has a practice environment where he can shoot everywhere. Therefore, both amateur photographers and professional photographers take the shooting skills of location photography as a compulsory course. Among all kinds of shooting techniques, why is the shooting technique of location photography the easiest to learn, but also the most difficult to be profound? This is because everyone who is a beginner in photography learns basic photography and basic exposure in the outdoor natural environment according to the state of natural landscape. Outdoor photography works can be taken naturally according to the natural conditions of the environment, and there is no need to bother to design the lighting environment or the conditions required for taking pictures such as backgrounds and scenes, so it is naturally effortless to learn. However, it is not easy for outdoor photography to produce outstanding works that are different or stand out from others. Because the photos taken under normal outdoor conditions are almost the same color, it is difficult for human resources to change the natural environment and take better photos. Although outdoor light sources can be seen everywhere, it is easy to take pictures; However, it is much more difficult to get a completely satisfactory lighting mode than an indoor studio can adjust the lighting mode at will. The sun, a natural light source, cannot be used by us. We can only try our best to use what we have learned, apply and master lighting technology to produce better photo effects. Therefore, if you don't control the outdoor natural light source at will, it is naturally not easy to shoot a masterpiece beyond ordinary people. This is why outdoor photography is easy to learn and difficult to master. In addition, the same is true in the use of scenes and other photographic techniques. If you simply take pictures as they are, of course, it is easy to get them. However, if you want to excel and shoot excellent photographs, it is quite difficult. Because natural scenes and lighting conditions can't be changed and replaced by human beings at will. Therefore, it is more difficult for a photographer to take pictures outdoors, how to control the light source and how to modify the scenery to meet his ideal realm than to take pictures in an indoor studio. Although the shooting technique of location photography is easy to learn and difficult to master, it is not difficult to learn the shooting technique of wedding dress and artistic photography as long as you can master the learning essentials step by step and learn the past photography foundation, and then further deepen the composition and lighting foundation, and then take photos as an opportunity to master various courses. After we understand that location photography has two characteristics, which are the easiest to shoot well and the most difficult to shoot well, we can make full use of them and enrich ourselves. Specific learning suggestions are as follows: 1. Use the characteristics of location photography to practice more. We already know that outdoor photography can be taken everywhere, and we can also take good photos, so under the natural guarantee of safety, as long as we know the basic exposure photography. And if you only ask for photos with general natural or formula composition, everyone can take them with confidence. 2. Challenge the same photo types that are difficult to take, such as the most difficult photos with high artistic taste and scenery in location photography. Although this kind of photos need great skills in lens selection, lighting technology, composition conception, color planning and so on. Through repeated practice, they can shoot works with high artistic value which are different from life photos or landscape photos. Once a photographer can break through the bottleneck of this photography technology, his completed photography works will reach a higher level in artistic value, which will bring photographers joy and pride that money can't buy. Therefore, after accumulating considerable shooting experience, photographers have to challenge more difficult types to reach a higher level of photography. Description of key shooting techniques 1. Take the long focal length lens as the main shooting lens (about 250mm lens for 120 camera or about 135 lens for135 camera), and take its short depth of field function. 2. According to the principle of portrait formula composition method, close-up, half-length, seven-point or full-body composition can be taken directly, about 5-8 steps away from the subject. 3. During exposure, according to the characteristics of portrait photography, the aperture compensation of 1 ~ 2 should be turned on to make the facial texture brighter. The light on people's faces is soft and bright, which is the focus of this kind of photos. 4. In order to create bright eyes, it is best to place a reflector or whiteboard in front of the portrait to make the eyes reflect bright spots. 5. When printing, it is best to follow the post-processing skills and soft focus treatment to completely soften the skin and make the whole photo soft. 6. You have to change the shape or props of the theme characters, otherwise the visual focus of the photos will remain unchanged, and the shortcomings of composition, depth of field and shooting techniques will be exposed. Analysis of the characteristics and styles of wedding photography works of happy lovers in Beijing: In a word, all photos taken by the composition method of landscape art can be called landscape art photos. Most of the pictures show portraits and landscapes. That is to say, when taking pictures, the pictures are not all based on portraits, but more emphasis is placed on the dual performance of portraits and scenery, and photos are interpreted from the perspective of artistic creation. It does not have certain formula techniques such as composition and lighting, and it depends on the photographer's own accomplishments in artistic photography to give photos vitality. Therefore, mastering the dual artistic expression of portraits and landscapes is the greatest feature and value of this kind of photos. Because this type of photo needs a large actual scene, it is the only photo type that is difficult to express in the shed photography, and it is easy to complete only when shooting on location. If you can't make a breakthrough in composition, lighting and other photography techniques, take such photos as ordinary travel photos or life photos. The success or failure of art is often only between a line, and anyone with a certain photographic ability can appreciate this key. However, if the composition ability is outstanding and the photography skills such as lighting are handled properly, a high level of photography can be achieved. So the photographer's shooting skills play a decisive role in shooting.

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