Relationship between object distance and image distance and imaging law

The relationship between object distance and image distance and the imaging law are as follows:

The relationship between object distance and image distance can be described by the imaging formula of thin lens, that is,1/f =1/v-1/u, where f is the lens focal length, v is the image distance and u is the object distance. According to this formula, we can draw the following laws:

1, the relationship between magnification and image distance:

When the object is in the far focus of the lens, the object distance is infinite. According to the imaging formula, the image distance is equal to the focal length. At this time, the imaging position is near the focus of the lens, and the imaging is not enlarged. As the object gets closer to the lens, the object distance decreases. According to the imaging formula, the image distance increases, the imaging position gradually approaches the far focus of the lens, and the imaging will be enlarged.

2. Formation of virtual and real images:

According to the imaging formula, when the object is in the near focus and the lens optical axis (0; F), the image distance is negative, and it is imaged on the opposite side of the lens, at this time, it is imaged as a real image.

3. Calculation of ratio:

According to the imaging formula, we can use the ratio of object distance to image distance to calculate the magnification. When the absolute value of the image distance is greater than the absolute value of the object distance, the image is an enlarged real image; When the absolute value of the image distance is less than the absolute value of the object distance, the imaging is a reduced real image; When the absolute value of the image distance is equal to the absolute value of the object distance, it is imaged as a real image of actual size; When the absolute value of the image distance is greater than that of the object distance, it is imaged as a reduced virtual image.

4. Relationship between imaging position and lens type:

For convex lens, when the object is above the optical axis, the imaging position is above the optical axis; When the object is below the optical axis, the imaging position is below the optical axis. For concave lens, when the object is above the optical axis, the imaging position is below the optical axis; When the object is below the optical axis, the imaging position is above the optical axis.

5, the relationship between objects and images:

Objects and images are in opposite directions. If an object is upright, it looks like it is upside down. If an object is upside down, it seems to be upright. This is determined by the refractive nature of the lens to light.

6, the influence of other factors:

In addition to the object distance and image distance, there are also the focal length of the lens, the size and position of the object, the position of the light source and so on. Will affect the imaging position and shape. These factors are calculated by the lens imaging formula.

7. Application:

The relationship between object distance and image distance and its imaging law have important application value in optical instrument design, photography, microscope, telescope and other fields, which can help us understand and predict the imaging process in optical systems.