Introduction to Photography Skills _ Five Factors to Improve Digital Photography Skills

With the improvement of camera automation, as long as the camera state is set to automatic state, you can generally take better photos. But if you want to shoot a professional TV picture, not everyone can do it. Here are five factors that I have carefully arranged for you to improve your digital photography skills. I hope you like them.

Five factors to improve digital photography skills

First, white balance adjustment: As we all know, accurate white balance is the guarantee of realistic color reproduction of TV pictures. At present, both domestic cameras and professional cameras basically have automatic white balance and manual white balance. The conditions for using automatic white balance are: smooth light, monochromatic light and sufficient illumination brightness. Using the automatic white balance method, you can't shoot a picture with a certain tone atmosphere. For example, when you celebrate, the picture will have a reddish tone and you can't shoot the red atmosphere of sunset and sunrise. The following will be explained from the combination of three fields.

1. White balance adjustment under stage lighting

The stage lights are ever-changing and colorful. When shooting with automatic white balance, people will have color cast and color saturation. In this state, manual white balance must be used. The adjustment method is: manually adjust the white balance when the stage color is illuminated with light with a single color temperature (usually iodine tungsten lamp with a color temperature of 3200k) before the performance of the program. Besides manual white balance and automatic white balance, what are some cameras? Indoor? And then what? Outdoor? Two-speed mode, set the color temperature state to? Indoor? It's just files.

2. White balance adjustment in sunlight

Whether it is morning glow or sunset glow, the color temperature is very low, and the impression in people's minds is hongxia. But the photos taken by automatic white balance have no red atmosphere. At this time, you also need to manually adjust the white balance. The method is: put the white balance test card in the shadow, then manually adjust the white balance against it, and then shoot the glow. What are the camera color temperature modes? Outdoor? Files, you can still? Outdoor? Filming again

3. White balance adjustment when shooting TV screen

Replace the white balance test card with a white picture on the TV screen. To make the screen appear white for a long time (it is not realistic to play it on TV), you need to design it yourself. There are two ways. One is to use the white background color of the subtitle machine to make it more positive. When there is a TV subtitle machine, select the pure white picture in the subtitle machine, and send its video signal to the TV that is about to shoot the picture, so that the TV picture is white, and then manually control the white picture to balance at high speed. The second is to correct it with your own white picture. The method is as follows: under the single color temperature light source, in the automatic white balance mode, the camera records a picture against a pure white object (such as a white balance test card or white paper) for a few minutes, then makes a box of white balance test correction tape, then plays an image on the TV with this tape, and then manually adjusts the white balance against the TV screen with the camera.

The basic characteristics of manual white balance adjustment are: if the white balance is manually adjusted for objects with cool colors, the picture taken under the same light will be warm colors; If you are facing a warmer tone; If you manually adjust the white balance for a warmer object, the painted surface will be cool under the same light. For example, in order to add atmosphere to the festive scene and make the picture look warm (such as red), you can manually adjust the white balance of the camera against the blue paper under the same lighting conditions, and then shoot.

Second, aperture adjustment: the automatic aperture of the camera is also conditional: smooth, the subject receives light in a large area, which is the average exposure of the whole picture. Shooting under these conditions can take photos with more correct exposure. However, when the backlight or the subject only receives a small area of light and wants to take a clear photo of a small area (such as the face), it is necessary to manually take a photo with accurate exposure.

1. Adjustment of aperture under backlight shooting

Sometimes it is necessary to use backlighting or side backlighting in order to photograph the textures or veins of glittering and translucent objects (such as clothes and flowers). At this point, if the automatic aperture method is used. The operation method is as follows: first, aim the automatic aperture lens at the subject and see the aperture value (assuming F8), and then set the aperture mode to manual control. At the same time, gradually increase the aperture (generally increase the aperture by one or two levels, such as from F8 to F5.6 or F4) until the brightness of the subject is appropriate. For professional cameras, until zebra stripes just appear. Are some household or professional cameras high in energy? Backlight? How can the aperture exposure mode be high when shooting backlight objects? Backlight? Without artificially increasing the aperture.

2. Aperture adjustment when the contrast between the brightness of the subject and the ambient brightness is too large.

(1) High-brightness subject: When shooting stage programs, spotlights are usually used to highlight the host or announcer. In general, the camera is far away from the subject and can only shoot the middle scene or the whole scene. At this time, because the brightness of the subject (host or announcer) is too different from the brightness of the surrounding environment, if automatic aperture shooting is adopted, the subject (such as the host's face) will inevitably be overexposed and white without any level will appear. At this point, manual aperture must be used to reduce the aperture value. When adjusting, watch the viewfinder adjust until a rich picture appears.

(2) Low brightness of the subject: When people are in a bright background (such as white walls, snow, sky, etc.). ), the reflection of people's faces is too different from the background. In this case, the use of automatic aperture to shoot the mid-range or panoramic view will inevitably lead to the consequences of underexposure of the face. The specific manual adjustment method is the same as the adjustment method under the backlight condition above, so I won't go into details here.

Third, focus adjustment:

1. Adjustment of focal length of manual focusing lens

At present, most professional cameras are equipped with large zoom manual focusing lenses, while most home cameras are equipped with large zoom autofocus lenses. Both manual focusing lens and autofocus lens have their shooting skills. For example, when the camera position remains the same and the camera is shot by zooming to make the subject present a larger picture, the subject's picture is often the largest and blurred. The reason is simple, that is, focus-out condition. In order to overcome the disadvantage that the subject is not easy to focus after the lens is pushed up, we should adopt the method of first pushing the lens up to focus and then recording, and then pulling the lens out and then pushing it when shooting; Or estimate the object distance (the actual distance between the subject and the lens) in advance, and use zoom focusing method when shooting (this requires more senior photographers and is more efficient).

2. Adjustment of focal length of autofocus lens

The autofocus of autofocus lens has its own characteristics: the subject is on the lens axis, with a large area and no big foreground and background. If this condition is violated, the focus will be inaccurate. If you want to shoot an object with a clear foreground or a large background but a small subject, such as a lotus with several big lotus leaves in front, if you use autofocus, the focus will be on the lotus leaf in front of the lotus, and the lotus is not clear, so you need to use manual focusing (there are also manual focusing methods for autofocus lenses). When shooting in autofocus mode, you should also pay attention to the zoom speed (from wide angle to close-up) not too fast, otherwise the focus will not keep up with the zoom. The result is that the subject is pushed into the lens, and the picture is not clear at first, but it will be clear after a while.

Shutter time: The shutter time of the camera is manually controlled. By default, different machines have different shutter times, some are 1/50 seconds, some are 1/60 seconds or other. When the subject or camera does not move slowly, the subject photographed with the default shutter time is clear. However, when the subject or camera moves quickly, the object will be blurred when shooting with the default shutter time. At this time, it is necessary to adjust the shutter time of shooting. By adjusting the shutter time, the flicker phenomenon of the subject can also be reduced when shooting under fluorescent light. The shutter time of a camera is generally within 1/2000 seconds from the default time, and within 1/4000 seconds. When shooting, you need to adjust the shutter time according to the moving speed. For example, when shooting in a sports car, the shutter time can be set to 1/500 seconds, while when shooting in an airplane, the shutter time can be set to 1/2000 seconds. With the shortening of shutter time, the brightness of the picture will decrease. To keep the brightness of the picture unchanged, it is necessary to increase the aperture while changing the shutter time. Also note: after the shutter time is changed, it will not automatically return to the default value, and will remain until the next change. Therefore, after the shutter time is adjusted, it needs to be restored to the default value in time.

Adjustment of vertical scanning frequency of verb (abbreviation of verb): When shooting a screen (such as a computer monitor screen or a screen projected by a multimedia projector) with a camera, the vertical scanning frequency of the screen is different from that of the camera, and a black belt moving up and down will appear in the shot picture. In order to overcome this phenomenon, some household or professional cameras are equipped with the function of adjusting the vertical scanning speed of the picture. You can use this function to adjust the vertical scanning frequency of the camera to be the same as the scanning frequency of the screen to eliminate the black belt moving up and down. Generally, the screen of computer monitor cannot be eliminated ideally (because the vertical scanning frequency of the monitor is too fast, and some of them reach 85- 120Hz).

As the saying goes:? Does it have to be hard while the iron is hot? If you want to shoot a professional TV picture, you should not only be proficient in the operation of the other party's central camera, but also have a deep understanding of TV theory. The above five technologies are the summary of my long-term camera experience, and I hope to help you.

The most classic digital shooting skills

Fans who are new to the photography shop must want to improve their level quickly. People say that the improvement of photography technology is the accumulation of experience, and learning from the knowledge and skills of predecessors can quickly improve our photo shooting level. In the film era, after the accumulation and convergence of countless photographers' experience, twelve simplified and most practical photography techniques have been formed. These simplified photography skills will help you cope with many difficult shooting scenes.

1. Sixteen rules of sunshine

For landscape photography, it is often impossible to obtain the best shooting effect by relying too much on the photometric results of the camera. For example, when there is a large dark field in the scene, the camera's metering system will increase the exposure, and the obtained photos will show the effect of overexposure, and the sky will become pale without any details.

What if this time is adopted? Sixteen rules of sunshine? This will not happen. The intensity of sunlight is relatively fixed. When the camera aperture is set to f 16 and the shutter speed is set to1125 seconds (iso is 100), you can take a landscape photo with strong colors and normal exposure. According to this rule, f/22 aperture should be used in the environment with strong reflection, such as shooting on the beach. When the light is weak, such as cloudy days, F/1aperture should be used.

2. moonlight 1 1, 5.6 rule

The moon is the closest celestial body to us, and its changes are regular. Since ancient times, those beautiful legends have made people daydream about celestial bodies all the time, and at night, when you face the sky, the moon is the first to enter our field of vision. In ancient times, poets wrote poems about the moon. Nowadays, when people enjoy modern civilization, they all like to photograph the moon in their picture books.

According to professional measurement, when the full moon brightness value is ev 15, the normal visual effect can be obtained when the camera iso is set to 100, the shutter speed is1125 seconds, and the aperture is f 1 1. In half a month's time, the exposure should be quadrupled. The exposure combination can be set to iso 100, shutter 1/60s, and aperture f5.6, and even close to1sec is needed when shooting the moon bud. In detail, the brightness decreases not because of the change of their size, but because the angle of sunlight shining on the moon changes when the surplus changes. Avoid overexposure when shooting the moon. More exposure will turn into a white circle without the feeling of the moon, so it is called the moon because it has a three-dimensional effect.

3. Camera jitter rules

When you shoot with a camera in your hand, the shutter speed should not be less than the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. If the shutter speed is slow, the sharpness is more likely to decrease when shooting jitter. If a focal length of 50mm is used, the shutter should be above 1/50 seconds. Only when the environment is really dark, use a flash, tripod or put the camera on a hard object to prevent jitter.

However, many digital cameras now have anti-shake function. Canon and Nikon, represented by mirror anti-shake technology, have advantages mainly in telephoto shooting ability. Using mirror anti-shake in the focal length above 135mm has obvious effect and can completely replace the three-speed safety shutter (for example, the speed can reach1/30s after the hand-held shooting shutter is turned on at 200mm).

The anti-shake advantage of the model with anti-shake function is mainly reflected in the focal length of 50-100 mm. Take the newly released Olympus e3 as an example, it can replace the 4-speed safety shutter with this focal length, that is to say, under the focal length of 100mm, the photos taken at the shutter speed of 1/8 seconds are also worthwhile.

4. Grey cardboard rule 18% medium grey cardboard

Grey board is a sharp weapon for shooting. But what if I don't have a gray board on me? You can spread the back of your hand (the palm is too white, and the color of the back of your hand is close to your face) to the sun, measure the light on the back of your hand, and add another exposure.

5. The depth of field after the depth of field rule is twice that of the foreground.

When the subject is deep, the focus should be in front of 1/3 of the depth of field, because the depth of field after focusing is twice as large as before. This rule can be used in various combinations of aperture and focal length. Remember, the smaller the aperture, the shorter the focal length, and the farther away from the subject, the greater the depth of field.

6. Fast flash output rules

For ordinary users, the special hot shoe ttl flash is expensive, and many people switch to the universal interface hot shoe flash, the price is only 100 yuan. Take the domestic Yin Yan flash as an example. The price of by28a is about 160 yuan, but it is an automatic flash with automatic metering.

When we need to take outdoor backlight portrait photos, in order to ensure the details of the sky and the uniform light ratio of the dark face under backlight conditions, we need to fill the face with a flash.

Take by28a as an example, we set the sensitivity of the flash to be twice that of the camera iso (such as camera iso 100 and flash iso400). The camera adopts aperture priority exposure, and the aperture selected by the camera should be consistent with the aperture set on the flash. Exposure According to the brightness of the sky, the brightness of the face in the shadow area after flash illumination is usually one step lower than the brightness of the sky, and the overall light ratio of the photo is very suitable.

7. Capture the dynamic law

This rule is based on the empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the lens axis, you can capture it with the shutter of1125, then its movement behind the lens axis can be captured with 1/500 seconds. That is to say, when the object moves 45 degrees along the lens axis, it only needs a shutter speed of 1/250.

8. Sunset Rules

When shooting a sunset, measure the light above the sunset, but don't let the sun appear in your viewfinder. If you want the sunset to look an hour later than it really is, you can reduce the exposure compensation by one step.

Magical use of digital camera

Why the same scenery, the photos taken by everyone are so different? Why are your photos more outstanding than those taken by experts with the same level of digital cameras? Don't be annoyed by your lack of basic knowledge of photography, and don't be depressed by the camera grade. The following tips can help you reach the level of an expert.

Many users who come into contact with digital cameras often rely on automatic shooting mode, which is not bad in general environment, but it is not enough in a slightly more complicated shooting environment. The following tips can effectively improve the shooting quality, even beginners can take expert photos! Let's have a look!

Zamabu? -Avoid the harm caused by jitter.

Tripod may not be a common accessory for beginners. Even friends who are equipped with a tripod are often reluctant to take it with them when they go out to play. When shooting in a well-lit environment, they generally don't encounter the problem of hand trembling caused by the low shutter. But if you don't use a tripod to assist shooting in a dark environment, ordinary novices won't shoot when the shutter is lower than115 seconds. As steady as Mount Tai? At this time, the camera is prone to shake, and the photos taken can be imagined. (Does the digital camera shutter appear on the LCD screen when shooting below 1/30s? Image stabilizer? Warning signs)

When shooting without a tripod fixed camera, you should learn to use all methods and terrain to achieve the most stable shooting preparation, just like a martial arts master. If there is no tripod, you must take the camera with the help of surrounding objects, such as leaning against a tree and putting your arms on a railing or other fixed objects. At this time, if you use a rotating lens (Nikon 5000, Nikon 5700, Sony F7 17, F707, etc. ) or digital cameras with display screens (Canon G2, G3, Olympus 5050z, etc. ) better, because even if you lean on the railing, the ground or the wall, you can check the LCD in front of you, which is very convenient. Sometimes you can even put the digital camera directly on the protruding part of the waist and pelvis for stable shooting.

High and low decisions? -How to reduce noise?

When shooting a moving object or shooting in a dark environment, you can sometimes use a high sensitivity setting. When shooting with high ISO number, the shutter speed is faster and shooting is easier. But one problem brought by high sensitivity is that the noise of the picture will increase. In fact, this is a headache for many digital camera users, with low sensitivity, difficult shooting, less noise, high sensitivity, easy shooting and more noise. Generally speaking, we should reduce the resolution of high-sensitivity photos, but the noise in the photos is not so obvious. This is simply because one pixel in the reduced image is obtained by merging the original pixels. In other words, three noises become one noise, which is not a strict explanation, but it can help us understand this phenomenon.

Therefore, using the phenomenon mentioned above can directly solve the difficulty of high-sensitivity shooting with more noise on digital cameras. However, let's first understand the causes of noise generated by digital cameras: in the case of low light illumination, the CCD unit cannot sense enough light, the current intensity after the light signal is converted into an electrical signal is relatively small, and the proportion of dark current passed by the CCD itself is relatively increased, so it can be understood that increasing the brightness sensed by the CCD can reduce the noise. For example, we shoot a digital camera with the highest pixel up to 3 million pixels at 654.38+0 million pixels, which is equivalent to using three CCD photosensitive units as one, the photosensitive capacity is equivalent to three times, and the image noise is also reduced a lot. How many pixels is the best for each camera under the high sensitivity setting, which requires the user's own actual experience. Let's make an analogy. If they are all set below ISO400, maybe a 2-megapixel digital camera is at 640? The shooting noise is the smallest at 480 resolution, while the digital camera with 5 million pixels is at 1024? Good results can be achieved under the setting of 768 resolution.

Eliminate freckles? -Avoid showing dates in photos.

Most traditional cameras have date printing function, which is convenient for future inquiry, and digital cameras also inherit this function. However, after the photo was dated, I felt that the tourist souvenirs were very strong. If it is a beautiful landscape photo, it will feel a bit redundant after the date is indicated. If I don't date, I'm afraid I'll forget the photo time in the future. In fact, all digital cameras now support Exif information function. Exif is a piece of information contained in the photo file header, including date and time, aperture, shutter, focal length, white balance, camera model and other detailed shooting parameters. With Exif information, you can't date again. Usually, digital cameras can view this information directly in browse mode. If you want to view it in detail, you can upload the photo file to your computer and view it with ACDSee 4.0 or above. The specific steps are: first select the file to view and then click the file? Attribute? Reading or viewing files directly under Windows XP system? Attribute? , and then select? Advanced? Look at this.

For a photo taken with a digital camera, you can use the method shown in the above figure, and it is easy to find all the attributes of this photo in ACDSee software, including resolution, image size, aperture size, shutter time, focal length, shooting time and so on.

Experience 4: the flash of selfie skills

Most digital cameras are electronic shutters, so they generally don't make sound. In order to facilitate people to perceive the shutter action, a small simulated sound will be made when the shutter is pressed. Generally, taking pictures is no problem. If you shoot with the self-timer function in noisy situations, you can't hear the shutter sound at all. Although there is a self-timer indicator, it doesn't look good in a bright environment. Because I don't know when it will be finished, I can only wait a little longer like a sculpture. In fact, we can use the forced flash function of digital camera to set the flash mode to forced flash when taking a selfie, so that we can know that we have taken it when we see the flash. Don't worry that the forced flash will affect the exposure of photos, because it is not obvious whether the photos flash in the case of sufficient light, but they should flash in the case of insufficient light.

When taking a selfie, if the selfie description is not obvious, you can use a flash to explain it. If the light is insufficient, you should turn on the flash to supplement the light.

Experience 5: Wide-angle easy shooting

The wide angle of many digital camera lenses is relatively small, generally 35-38 mm If you have to shoot at close range due to distance limitation, sometimes you can't shoot all the scenes you want into the picture. At this time, we can take advantage of the characteristics of digital camera photos for post-production, take one or more photos with the subject as the center, and synthesize them into one photo with panoramic software on the computer. The quality of wide-angle lens is not as good as that of camera. At present, the commonly used panoramic software includes Panorama Factory, MGI Photovista, Adobe Photo Elmement and so on. If you are familiar with Photoshop, you can use Photoshop.

The photo on the left was taken with a 35mm lens, and the photo on the right was taken with a 28mm wide-angle lens at the same position. It can be clearly seen that the photo on the right contains much more content than the one on the left. But at present, except Minolta Dimage7 series, Nikon Coolpix5000, Olympus 5050z and other digital cameras, the wide angle of most other consumer digital cameras is above 28 mm.

Many softwares can realize panoramic photos like this. At present, many brands of digital cameras provide convenience for taking panoramic photos, such as Canon and Olympus.