What are the formation, maturity and development periods of world film aesthetics?

In the initial stage of film, filmmakers from all over the world made great contributions. 1894, American Edison and his assistant Dixon jointly created a "movie mirror" and sold it publicly. The appearance of this clumsy movie projector, which can only be watched by one person, can be described as "a stone stirs up a thousand waves", which further triggered an invention competition among people interested in it around the world. Lumiere Brothers, a photographic equipment manufacturer in Lyon, France, made a film machine on the basis of the development of predecessors and contemporaries, especially Edison. This machine integrates photography, projection and printing. The Lumiere brothers use this hand-held portable camera to shoot movies indoors and outdoors. Their works were first released in Cafe de Paris on February 28th, 1895, which was an international success. Therefore, this day is recognized as the birth day of the film. Most of the films created by Lumiere brothers are simple life scenes, such as the factory gate, the train entering the station, the sailing boat leaving the port, the baby's breakfast and so on. , all belong to this kind of documentary works. The Gate of the Factory shows the whole process of workers leaving the factory after work in great detail on the screen, giving the audience a real and cordial feeling. This documentary style is a major feature of Lumiere Brothers' films. The Lumiere brothers occasionally produce several short comedies, the most popular of which is The Watering Gardener: a proud and fat gardener is watering, and a naughty boy is stepping on the hose with his foot. When the gardener carefully checked the outlet of the water pipe, the child lifted his foot and "watered the gardener". This film is the first short story film in the world. Its plot is simple, but it gives great inspiration to later directors-using comedy (farce) to ridicule local tyrants, evil gentry and corrupt officials who accept bribes and pervert the law will win the favor of the audience and produce great dramatic effects. After the success of Lumiere brothers' films in France, they set out to explore the international market. They send their own photographers across oceans and countries to capture interesting scenes and record exotic scenery with cameras. These movies not only bring fun to audiences who have no chance to travel around the world, but also broaden their horizons. At the end of last century and the beginning of this century, most of the first films seen by audiences all over the world came from Lumiere brothers.

From 65438 to 0945, after World War II, film aesthetics got further development. In this historical period, on the whole, movies have reached the stage of perfection in technology and entered the stage of artistic Excellence. During this period, film art gained the status of scientific image. In America, Europe and other major film countries, film has entered the university classroom and gradually established specialized departments and colleges. Film research has been brought into the scope of academic research, and master's and doctoral degrees have been gradually established. With the development of world politics, economy, science and technology and culture,

In practice, the social influence of movies is more and more extensive.

Under the influence of the world political and economic trends after World War II, there have been new trends in film creation, such as the new realism trend in Italy and the new wave films in France. Film art has gradually formed different aesthetic schools in theory. During this period, Bazin of France and Krakow of Germany's "image ontology" and "photography essence theory" (commonly known as "long lens" theory) are outstanding representatives.

Realism and technicalism, which have existed for a long time in the history of film, have formed two schools of film aesthetics during this period, which are reflected in the development of montage theory and the formation of long-shot theory.