Which middle school in Beijing was Comte Middle School?

Beijing No.27 Middle School is located in Donghuamen Street in the center of the city, next to the Forbidden City. Her predecessor, Conde Middle School, was founded in 19 17 by Mr. Cai Yuanpei, a famous educator in modern China. Li Dazhao, a revolutionary pioneer, also taught here.

In the course of running a school for more than 80 years, our school has produced many celebrities. Qian Sanqiang, a world-famous nuclear physicist, Yu Shizhi, a dramatic artist, Wu Zuguang, a playwright, Wu Zuqiang, a talented woman, and Chen Xiangmei, a social activist, all studied in our school. The school has also trained a large number of senior management talents, well-known entrepreneurs, tenured professors of world-famous universities and doctoral supervisors for the country.

[Middle School in the Post-Imperial Examination Era] Comte School: It is hard to find the glory of the past

Aesthetic education and science and education once led the country, but now it is an ordinary middle school with a history of 88 years, which is little known.

A middle school founded by Cai Yuanpei, which has a glorious history of 88 years and leads the whole country in aesthetic education and science education, is now "hidden" in an inconspicuous alley like an ordinary middle school.

The original 8,000 square meters playground has been built into residential buildings, and 64,000 books have been handed over to the Capital Library. The glory of "Comte" seems to exist only in the memory of old alumni.

Walking into the narrow hutong, it is difficult to find the impression of Comte School in Beijing No.27 Middle School. The only historical symbols are two large stone piers in the Zongrenfu period and a clock stained with dust. "It can only be used when there is a power outage." The famous streets of Conde School, Conde West Lane and Conde East Lane, were renamed Zhide West Lane and Zhide East Lane when they approved the forest and approved the cave. Most people who pass by here today don't know that more than 80 years ago, Cai Yuanpei, Shen, Ma Youyou, Zhou Zuoren and Qian taught here, Lu Xun borrowed books from the library, and Wu Zuguang, Qian Sanqiang and Shi Pingmei all received enlightenment education here.

More than 70 years ago, the famous school "Comte" had classrooms, auditoriums, science and technology museums, art classrooms, music classrooms, work classrooms, table tennis rooms, libraries and reading rooms leading the country. Now the traditional imprint has faded, leaving only the ordinary middle school hidden in the depths of the alley behind this big tree. Our reporter Guo photo

"Peking University Children's School" founded by Cai Yuanpei

At that time, Comte School is now the 27th Middle School in Beijing, located at Donghuamen Street 1 1 Zhideqian Lane in Dongcheng District.

In this narrow alley, a senior three student solemnly told the reporter, "Our Comte school seems to have a history of 200 years, which was founded by the French." In fact, the origin and history of the name "Comte" is not what he said. Nowadays, few students and even teachers know the glory of their 88-year-old alma mater.

"The fund of Comte School was established by the China-France Education Association with a refund from boxer indemnity". Ms. Xu, 90, is still telling the history of Comte School. Her husband is Qian, the principal since the founding of New China, and she has been a teacher in Comte all her life.

According to Xu, 88 years ago, Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University, and Li Shi, a professor, were actively engaged in educational exchanges between China and China, hoping to learn from their experience to reform primary and secondary education in.

1917 65438+On February 25th, Cai Li and Peking University professors Li Dazhao, Shen, Ma Youyou and Ma Shuping founded a new school-Conde School at the site of the China-France Education Association in Fangjin Lane, Dongcheng. The academic system is 4 years in junior high school, 2 years in senior high school and 4 years in middle school, *** 10 years.

1924, with two years of college preparation, *** 12 years. Taking Comte as the school name is to introduce French positivism into China, so it is not related to Confucianism as people think. "Students learn French from the fifth grade of primary school and can go to France for further study after graduation."

"Most of the children in Peking University are studying in this school. Cai Yuanpei's daughter, Hu Shi's child, Qian's son, Li Dazhao's son, Shen's son and Zhou Zuoren's son are all studying in Comte, and well-known professors from Peking University are also attending classes here. " Xu said, "At that time, the salary was higher than that of ordinary schools. My first month salary is 70 yuan. "

When Comte was founded, his teachers included Shen, Ma Youyu, Zhou Zuoren, Qian and Shen Jianshi from Peking University. With a school building with more than 20 acres of land and a library with 6.04 million books, Lu Xun came here to borrow books and consult materials.

After more than 80 years, Comte's educational philosophy, teaching staff and hardware level are beyond many schools, and now it has become an old thing that many people don't know.

Self-made Chinese teaching materials and began pinyin teaching.

Teacher Chen Binghua 100 years old. When the white-haired Chinese teacher heard the name "Comte", she burst into tears and couldn't help singing the school song "Comte, Comte, what is his doctrine? It is fraternity, the study of the truth of life, the maintenance of human order and an attempt of social progress ... "He studied in Comte and returned to Comte to teach Chinese after studying in France. "After he retired from Comte, every time he passed by the school, he deliberately bypassed the gate to avoid being sad." Chen Binghua's son Chen Xiaoming told reporters.

19 18, the new policy was implemented in the Chinese class of Conde primary school. At that time, Qian suggested to President Cai Yuanpei and Director Shen that Chinese textbooks in primary schools should be written in vernacular, and pinyin letters should be taught from the first grade of primary school. "The content of the textbook includes phrases, children's songs, stories and so on. Every new word has phonetic notation and illustrations.

This illustration was drawn by Xu Beihong before he went abroad to study. This textbook is novel and interesting, which is very suitable for children to learn. "Xu introduced to the teacher. Later, Mr. Zhou, Mr. Qian and Mr. Shen presided over the compilation of Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools in Comte School. They don't need Chinese textbooks published by publishing houses, they compile and select them themselves. It has been nearly twenty years since Comte School only used textbooks published by the publishing house after the July 7th Incident of 1937.

Advocate scientific education and pay attention to practice.

Cai Yuanpei paid attention to cultivating students' practical ability at the beginning of the establishment of Comte School in order to change the dullness of previous scholars.

From 65438 to 0935, Lu Weicheng attended primary and secondary schools in "Comte". He recalled that science education was very popular in schools at that time, and they often did experiments. I remember once in a science class, the teacher suddenly asked everyone, "What's the use of buying potatoes without eating long buds?" "I gave birth to buds to do experiments." Many students said in unison.

"At that time, there were botanical gardens, zoos and science and technology museums in the school. In the first biology class, the teacher asked the students to look at the microscope and dissect rabbits and pigeons. They should not only dissect themselves, but also draw anatomical maps. The dissected animals all come from our school zoo. We all like to go to the zoo, including guinea fowl, turkey, monkeys, bears and snakes ... "I studied in Comte in the 1930s.

There were two artificial classrooms in the school at that time. Handicraft course is a compulsory course from grade one to grade six in primary school, and it is an elective course or a rotation course in middle school.

At that time, art education was leading the country.

Seventy years ago, in Beijing under the feudal rule of the Northern Warlords, there was a misunderstanding in society: since the students here studied French, they must be sponsored by French Catholics. In fact, Cai Yuanpei wants to replace religion with aesthetic education. Aesthetic education also plays an important role in Comte's educational thought.

Besides Chinese, what impressed the old teacher was the art class.

At that time, Professor Wei Tianlin and Chen Binghua invited him to teach in the school. Chen Xiaoming said, "My father said that the school buildings at that time were all old buildings of Zongrenfu, but in order to make students draw better, Teacher Wei Tianlin removed all the tiles on the roof and made a skylight to ensure the light. The teacher also brought back plaster statues from France, and everyone was divided into an area and sketched. " Comte's art equipment is complete, including more than 50 plaster models, 7 sketch tables and 40 easels. At that time, there were few primary and secondary schools and even art schools in the country with such complete art education equipment.

In addition, the school also has two music classrooms, four pianos, five organs, three phonographs and 150 foreign music listening records. Music teacher Tao has trained many students who play the piano. For example, the daughter of Liu Tianhua, a national musician, studied piano with Tao. Composer Wu Zuqiang also studied music at Comte Middle School.

It is difficult to find the trace of "Comte" in 27.

Today's No.27 Middle School, as a famous historical school, the traditional imprint has faded, just an ordinary middle school hidden in an alley. It is hard to imagine that in 1928, there are more than ten ordinary classrooms in the school, including an auditorium and a science museum, as well as a middle school operation room, an art classroom, a music classroom, a work classroom, a table tennis room and a reading room.

1978 The playground with an area of nearly 8,000 square meters south of Xuexiao Road is planned to build four residential buildings by the Urban Construction Development Company. 1979, Dongcheng District Education Bureau allocated 2,000 square meters on the east side of the school to the health center and Donghuamen Kindergarten, and the school lost its playground. 1982, the school demolished the old bungalow and built a new teaching building and playground. It seems that the former glory of Comte is as hard to find as those lost buildings. According to teacher Sun, who works in the school's reception room, in 1952, 64,000 books collected by the original school library were taken over by the Capital Library. The 88-year-old Comte historical materials were also destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. "It took the truck three days to haul the ancient books away."

The few remaining cultural relics can only be seen in Peking University Library now.

Regarding Comte's fine tradition of aesthetic education and scientific practice, several current teachers said: "At least every junior high school student can play the flute. The school's Jinfan Folk Music Troupe has a history of more than ten years. " According to Yun Feng, deputy director of the school's teaching, senior one students still take research courses as compulsory courses. Wang Shiben, the current principal, also said, "Although it is an ordinary middle school, we also hope that students now should think and practice in addition to exams."

Today's no.27 middle school also has the difficulties faced by ordinary middle schools. "Key middle schools have support, and three types of schools have poverty alleviation. Ordinary middle schools like ours have bad tastes in the cracks, and now the school teachers are sighing. Although school leaders claim to stick to tradition and teachers work hard, neither the teaching hardware nor the teaching staff in No.27 Middle School is as strong as it used to be.

Teacher Sun also said that a few white-haired overseas Chinese returned to Comte two days ago to catch up. But unfortunately, it is hard for students and teachers nowadays to imagine Comte's leading position in the country. Jiang Deming, former president of People's Daily Publishing House, once lamented, "Many years ago, when I visited a new building, I couldn't imagine how people who used to teach went in and out, let alone how students jumped out of school." Comte's glory seems to exist only in the memory of old alumni.

■ School history is hooked.

At that time, the physics and chemistry laboratory of Comte Science Museum was well equipped.

Today, there are only stone piers and a big clock left on campus.

19 17 12, Cai Yuanpei and Shen founded a new school-Conde School in the site of the China-France Education Association in Dongcheng Lane, Beijing.

Cai Yuanpei is the principal. 1965438+officially opened in February 2008.

The funds for running schools from 65438 to 0920 were allocated by the China-France Education Fund Committee.

1922 to 1937 was the most prosperous period of Comte school.

1928, the national government decided to allocate Zongrenfu, Donghuamen Street, as Comte Campus, covering an area of nearly 20 mu. The school spent 2000 yuan to buy four acres of land at No.26 Donghuamen Street to open a sports ground.

After 1928, the school was divided into Comte College of China-France University (moved to the North Road of Lisi in Fuwai) and Comte School for ten years.

1952 September, Comte School was renamed Beijing No.27 Middle School.

At the end of 1968, the school was divided into 169 Middle School (Yan 'an Middle School).

At the beginning of 1978, the two schools merged into No.27 Middle School, with 54 classes and nearly 3,000 students, making it the largest school in Beijing.

Written by/reporter Cao