What is the relationship between aesthetic principles and literary theory?

The object of aesthetic research is extensive and complex.

"Stones are flying through the air, waves are lapping on the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up." This magnificent spectacle arouses people's lofty aesthetic feeling, which is the beauty of natural phenomena. All the beautiful things in nature, such as the sun and moon, famous mountains and rivers, flowers and trees, birds and insects, can arouse our aesthetic feeling and evaluation, and can all be the objects of aesthetic research.

"Long bridge lying wave, the cloud how long? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? I don't know anything. " At that time, Epang Palace had five steps on the first floor and ten steps on the first floor. Today, people marvel at its luxury and exquisiteness. This is the beauty of social material phenomena. All the beautiful things in social products, such as pavilions, bridges and flowing water, factory machines, and even dresses, pots, cups, furniture and lamps in daily life, can be regarded as our aesthetic objects, can arouse our aesthetic feeling, and can be introduced into the scope of aesthetic research.

"Life is precious, love is more expensive. If you are free, you can throw both. " This magnificent feeling inspires millions of aspiring young people, which is the beauty of social spirit. Various spiritual and moral phenomena in human society, such as dedication, selflessness, diligence, frugality, wit, courage, and even the innocence and loveliness of children, the loyalty of young people to love, the hardship of middle-aged people, the kindness and tranquility of the elderly, and so on. , can not only arouse our moral admiration, but also impress our aesthetic feelings. Many writers and artists praise them, which is naturally the subject of aesthetic research.

All outstanding literary and artistic works at all times and all over the world have the characteristics of artistic beauty, such as Da Vinci's paintings, Shakespeare's plays, Beethoven's music, Balzac's novels, as well as the ci and fu in Qin and Han Dynasties, poems and songs in Tang Dynasty, lyric poems in Song and Yuan Dynasties and novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Their contents and forms have high aesthetic significance and value, and can arouse people's aesthetic feelings and rational activities, so they are naturally the objects of aesthetic research.

Aesthetics should not only study the beauty of objective things, but also the activities of people's own aesthetic consciousness, such as people's aesthetic consciousness, the initiative of experiencing beauty, feeling beauty, evaluating beauty and creating beauty, and the psychological activities of aesthetic feeling and its essence and law. In addition, ugliness, sublimity, tragedy and comedy associated with beauty are also the categories of aesthetic research. From this point of view, everything related to beauty, from nature to society, from material to spirit, from life to art, from theory to practice, is within the field of vision of aesthetic research, which is enough to show the breadth of aesthetic research objects.

Aesthetic phenomenon is not only vast, but also very complicated. For example, a black flag is not necessarily beautiful in general. However, when Liu Yongfu led the black flag army to resist the invasion of French imperialism, when Song Jingshi raised the black flag and led the peasant uprising car to resist the suppression of the landlord class armed forces, can we say that it was not beautiful? So beauty is relative, depending on the specific situation. It is foolish and wrong to try to absolutely conclude that this is an aesthetic object and that it is not. This complexity makes aesthetic objects more and more extensive.

The extensiveness and complexity of aesthetic research object make it impossible to be single and fixed like other disciplines. On the contrary, aesthetics shows the characteristics of unfixed and unclear. Different people have different understandings of beauty, aesthetic feeling, creation and development of beauty. Since ancient times, Chinese and foreign aestheticians have always had different opinions on the object of aesthetic research. Some focus on art and explore its aesthetic laws. He naturally takes art as the main research object. Some focus on using psychological methods to explore human aesthetic psychological activities. In this way, he will take the study of human aesthetic experience as the research object ... There are roughly three views of contemporary European and American schools on aesthetic research objects. The Tatar Kaiweizhi wrote at the beginning of the first volume of his aesthetic history:

Traditionally, aesthetics is defined as the study of beauty. However, some aestheticians believe that the concept of beauty is uncertain and vague, which is not suitable for study. They turned to art and defined aesthetics as the study of art. Others prefer to study beauty and art at the same time. They separate the two fields of aesthetics and art, but they study both.

There is no doubt that the scope of the two concepts of beauty and art is different. Beauty is not limited to art, and art is not only for the pursuit of beauty. In some historical periods, we seldom see any connection between beauty and art. The ancients studied beauty and art separately and thought there was no reason to connect them.

But for modern thinkers, these two fields cannot be separated. Because many ideas about beauty come from the study of art, many ideas about art come from the study of beauty. In ancient times, they were studied separately, but in the later period, they were studied together, mainly focusing on the beauty and aesthetics of art, so the two fields of beauty and art tend to combine, which is the de facto feature of aesthetic history.

Tatar Keweizhi believes that there are three main objects of aesthetic research in history: first, beauty, second, art, and third, the study of paying equal attention to beauty and art. In ancient times, beauty and art were studied separately, but in modern times, they are linked, mainly studying artistic beauty and aesthetic aspects of art, which is in line with the facts.

There are four clues in literary aesthetic thought, namely, two "obvious" and two "hidden", which have always been valued by critics. But in fact, Xu borrowed and absorbed theoretical resources from western literary aesthetics through Japan, which also had a very important influence on the formation of his literary aesthetics. From this point of view, this paper introduces and discusses Xu's criticism, reference and absorption of Freud and Kant's theory, preliminarily discusses the western theoretical origin of Xu's literary aesthetic thought, and on this basis, clarifies several misunderstandings of Xu's literary aesthetic thought in academic circles.