The landmark buildings in Beijing

1, the Forbidden City. The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city.

The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls, and are the places where the country holds ceremonies.

2. Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of Guangou Ancient Road, Jundushan, Yanqing District, Beijing. It is an important part of the Great Wall in Wan Li, a great defense project in ancient China and a pass of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall is an important outpost of Juyongguan, which is known as "the danger of Juyongguan lies in Badaling, not in it".

Badaling section of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty is called "Guanyu Natural Graben", which is one of the eight scenic spots in Juyongguan in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall was the first section of the Great Wall opened to tourists in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Scenic Area is dominated by Badaling Great Wall, with modern tourist service facilities with complete functions such as Badaling Hotel and China Great Wall Museum inscribed by President Jiang Zemin.

3. The Temple of Heaven. The Temple of Heaven was founded in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420), and was rebuilt and rebuilt during the reign of Qing Qianlong and Guangxu. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties offered sacrifices to the emperor and prayed for a bumper harvest of grain. The Temple of Heaven is the floorboard of two altars, Qiuqiu and Gucci. It has double altar walls, forming an inner and outer altar. The altar wall is round in the south and round in the north, which symbolizes the round place.

The main building is in the inner altar, the ball altar is in the south and the valley prayer altar is in the north. The two altars are on the same north-south axis, separated by a wall. The main buildings of the ball arena include the ball arena, the Imperial Palace, etc. The main buildings of the Valley Altar include the Hall of Praying for the Year, the Palace and the Gate of Praying for the Year.

4. Tiananmen Square. Tiananmen Square is the main entrance of Beijing Imperial City in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was built in the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 17). Formerly known as "Chengtianmen", it means "Chengtianmen, ordered by Heaven". The designer is Kuai Xiang, a royal architect of the Ming Dynasty. In the eighth year of Qing Shunzhi (165 1), it was renamed Tiananmen Square.

It consists of two parts: tower and tower. It has a sumitomo of white marble, with a total height of 34.7 meters. Tiananmen Gate is 66 meters long and 37 meters wide. There are five gates under the city gate, and the largest gate in the middle is located on the central axis of Beijing Imperial City. In the past, only the emperor could go in and out of this gate.

5. Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is a large-scale landscape garden with Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain as the background and Hangzhou West Lake as the basis, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the most well-preserved royal palace, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a national key tourist attraction.

The Summer Palace was founded in 1750 and completed in 1764. 196 1 On March 4th, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and it was called the four famous gardens in China together with chengde mountain resort, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden announced at the same time. 1998 65438+. On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.

6. Tanzhe Temple was built in the first year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 307). It used to be very big. It is said that the Ming Palace Museum was imitated here. There is a saying in Beijing that "Tanzhe Temple comes first, then Beijing City". The temple was valued by the royal families in past dynasties, and the incense was extremely prosperous. And surrounded by mountains, towering old trees, simple and exquisite architecture, good scenery.

The area of Tanzhe Temple is not large now, and the length and width of the temple area are about 300 meters. There are many main buildings and towering ancient trees in the temple. It takes about 2 hours to walk here. In addition, there is Longtan behind the temple and two Tallinns in front of it. It takes about 3 hours to visit all of them, but if you want to know more about observation or photography, it may take longer.

7. The Lama Temple is a famous landmark in Beijing. The Lama Temple used to be Yong Zhengdi's residence. After Yongzheng acceded to the throne, he was promoted to the palace and named "Lama Temple". In the 9th year of Qianlong (1744), Qianlong changed the Lama Temple to gelug sect monasteries, a Tibetan Buddhism. It has also become a place where the Qing court contacted upper-class political and religious figures such as Tibetans and Mongolians.

Lama Temple is also a treasure house of Tibetan Buddhist works of art.. Many collections are precious gifts given by Tibetan elites and monks to the royal family and temples since the16th century, which have high historical and artistic value.