Six elements that must be learned when using light in photography _ _ Photography course

Learn photography from scratch-the light of photography and the six elements of light.

First of all, luminosity

1, what is luminosity?

Brightness is the general name of the luminous intensity of light source, the illuminance of light on the surface of an object and the brightness of the surface of an object. It sounds complicated, but it's actually very simple. It is mainly composed of two elements: one is the intensity of light, for example, sunlight is definitely stronger than flashlight, and SOW lamp is stronger than 30W lamp. The other is the degree to which an object absorbs light. For example, the mirror can reflect light, and the reflection effect on the water is better, while the brightness of the stone is much lower than that on the water.

2. What is the relationship between luminosity and photography?

In photography, luminosity is directly related to exposure. In terms of composition, exposure is closely related to the reproduction effect of hue or color. The premise of rich hue and accurate color reproduction is accurate exposure. Conscious overexposure and underexposure also need to be based on accurate exposure. Therefore, mastering the basic skills of luminosity and accurate exposure can actively control the tone, color and contrast effect of the subject.

Second, the light level.

1, what is light level?

Light level refers to the position of the light source relative to the object being photographed, that is, the direction and angle of the light. The same object will produce different light and shade modeling effects under different light levels. The light levels in photography can be ever-changing, but they can be summarized into seven types: front light, front light, side light, back light, back light, top light and foot light.

2. Two commonly used brightness levels

Split light refers to the light whose irradiation direction is basically the same as that of the camera. When the subject gets uniform illumination, the color tone is softer, the image is clearer, and the subject can be more truly restored, but the picture will appear unremarkable.

Note: When shooting, we should pay attention to the creation of the picture level and three-dimensional sense, and we can improve the three-dimensional sense of the picture by means of light and shade contrast and color contrast.

Reverse light is opposite to smooth light, which means that the irradiation direction of light is opposite to the shooting direction of the camera. Therefore, using backlight shooting, the presentation effect of the picture is just the opposite of that of smooth lighting. Backlight shooting makes the outline of the picture clear, rich in layers and obvious in contrast between light and shade, but it is difficult to grasp the exposure.

Note: When shooting, use shading as much as possible. You can also use photographic equipment such as reflectors to control strong light. It is best to bring a tripod to keep the picture stable and clear.

Third, the quality of light.

1, what is light quality?

Light quality refers to the gathering, scattering, softness and hardness of light. The characteristic of spotlight is that it comes from obvious direction, and the shadow produced is clear and heavy. Astigmatism is characterized by coming from several directions, resulting in soft and unclear shadows. The hardness of light depends on several factors. Narrow beams are usually harder than wide beams. Strong light can make the subject have a strong contrast between light and shade, which is helpful to the expression of texture. Soft light is good at revealing the shape, shape and color of objects, but not good at expressing texture and details.

2. Examples of different light qualities

Example of hard light: the sunny sun shines on the object from an angle with obvious directionality, which is a direct hard light. Example of soft light: If there is fog in the sky, sunlight will spread in a large range and emit light from many angles. This is a soft light.

Fourth, lighting modeling.

1, what is light type?

Light types refer to the functions of various lights in shooting, which are generally divided into the following types: main light, auxiliary light, modified light, contour light, background light and simulated light.

2. Application examples of light types

Main light: also known as "shaping light", it refers to the main lighting light used to express scenery, texture and image.

Auxiliary light: also known as "supplementary light", it is used to improve the brightness of the shadow part produced by the main light, reveal the details of the shadow part and reduce the contrast of the image.

Decorative lights: refers to the reinforced plastic lights added to the shooting scene, such as cold light, eye lights and so on.

Side light: refers to the light that describes the outline of an object. Backlight and side backlight are usually used as side light.

Background light: The light behind the subject shines on the background to highlight the subject or beautify the picture.

Simulation light: also known as "effect light", is an auxiliary light added to simulate the lighting effect of a certain venue. Examples of lighting types are main light main light+auxiliary light main light+auxiliary light+background light+decorative light main light+auxiliary light+background light+outline+main light+auxiliary light+background light+decorative light+wheel light.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) light ratio

1, what is the light ratio?

The light ratio refers to the difference in light reception between the bright part and the dark part of the subject, usually referring to the difference between the main light and the auxiliary light. The greater the light ratio, the greater the contrast, which is beneficial to show the "hard" effect. The light ratio is small and the contrast is small, which is beneficial to show the "soft" effect.

2. How to adjust the light ratio?

There are three main ways to adjust the light ratio: adjusting the intensity of main and auxiliary light; Adjust the distance between the main and auxiliary lights and the subject; Fill the dark part with reflector and flash.

Six, light color

1, what is the light color?

Light color refers to "the color of light" or "the component of light". Light color is usually called "color temperature". Light and color are very important in expression and technology. The color of light determines the cold and warm feeling of light, which can cause many emotional associations.

The significance of light color to composition is mainly manifested in color photography. Light color determines the overall tone tendency of photos, which is of great help to the theme, such as red for enthusiasm, yellow for nobility, white for purity and so on.