Several terms that beginners must learn when they run out of money.

Lead: You can't wait for the best outdoor light forever! When you are passive, you should first consider how to actively interfere with the negative influence of light on the picture. Lighting is not exclusive in the studio, and outdoor correction of light is also called lighting.

Several terms that beginners must learn to use. I want to explain a photographic term, the first light ratio. It has something to do with the bottom of the light.

Light ratio is one of the important parameters of photography, which refers to the ratio of the brightness of the light receiving surface to the brightness of the shadow surface of the object being photographed. Under the condition of natural light or artificial light distribution, the brightness of the light-receiving surface of the object is high, and although the shadow surface does not receive light directly (or less), it still has a certain brightness due to scattered light (or auxiliary light irradiation). Commonly used? Light-receiving surface brightness/shadow surface brightness? The proportional form represents the light ratio.

? Light-receiving surface brightness/shadow surface brightness? Not the brightness of the object itself, but the intensity of light reception. For example, in a uniform lighting environment, the brightness of black objects and white objects has a large proportion, but the light ratio is 1: 1. The light ratio is not difficult to calculate, and it is not necessary to use a professional external exposure meter.

The camera with manual function can also be used for accurate measurement. Spot-metering the bright and dark surfaces with a constant shutter (pay attention to the metering principle of adding white and reducing black), and get the aperture values of the bright and dark surfaces. When the aperture difference is one step, it means that the light received by the bright area is twice that of the dark area, and the light ratio is 1:2. The difference between the two light ratios is1:4; Third gear light ratio1:8; The fourth gear light ratio 1: 16? And so on. One gear more and two gears less is 1: 3, so it doesn't need to be too precise here.

Measurement of light ratio with external exposure meter

The light ratio based on mathematics is of great significance to the picture effect. When the light is large, the bright part will be exposed with accurate details, and the dark part will also be exposed. If the dark part is accurate, the bright part will be seriously overexposed to form highlights. Anyway, this photo is Gao Fancha's. Gao Fancha's pictures bring strong visual tension, which is a biological phenomenon, and feedback is often called strong visual impact in aesthetic psychology.

Large light ratio, measuring the bright part of light.

Large light ratio, dark light metering

On the other hand, when the light is relatively small, whether it is exposed in the bright or dark part, the shortage or surplus of the corresponding surface is limited, and the camera has a certain dynamic range. The dynamic range allows insufficient or excessive space. Although the brightness is different, the details are preserved. When the light ratio of the lighting environment is small, the contrast of the picture is small, and the bright part is too soft for the dark part.

We can't take it for granted to define the advantages and disadvantages of large light ratio and small light ratio. Judging from the examples listed above, Gao Fancha is indeed more eye-catching than the one with low contrast, but the use of light ratio depends on the subject. A simple example: Gao Fancha is more suitable when portraying the image of a tough guy; Too charming when it is weak and sweet; If the plot is tense, Gao Fancha is needed, but Gao Fancha is not suitable for soap operas. We can only list the contrasts of different light ratios as follows to be familiar with the images created by various light ratios.

Low light ratio and low contrast

Influence of different light ratios

Photographers often mention two words-? Tone? 、? Tone? . The former is an artistic term, and the latter is a reference to the former and a revision after photography, which has the same meaning when used in photography. There is such a definition in art that in sketch, when an object is illuminated, it will show three major faces and five major colors. The three major surfaces are indicated surface, grey surface and dark surface; The five tones refer to highlights, intermediate colors (bright parts), light and dark boundaries, reflection and projection.

There are also tonal problems in photographic images, but they have been completely simplified when used. The tone in the photographer's mouth generally refers to two aspects. One is hard and the other is soft. The hard tone is Gao Fancha, and the soft tone is low contrast. Pay special attention here. The light ratio is not necessarily Gao Fancha, and the light ratio of 1: 1 is not soft but flat. The detailed explanation of hard tone is that the transition from light to dark is very strong, and in black and white photography, there is a gradual change from white to black. Having said that, I don't think it is necessary to waste words to explain the soft tunes.

Difficult to tune

A soft tune

When the illumination light causes a large light ratio, but if the angle is controlled, the light attenuation is slow and excessive, and a soft picture can still be obtained, and the transition from the bright part to the shadow is very rich. Photographers call this phenomenon? Level? .

The second meaning of tone refers to middle, high and low key. Medium, high and low key were originally used in the field of black and white photography. Black-and-white photographic pictures are represented by black, white and gray (lines are the other hand), and white is the main position in the picture, which is used for high-profile; Black is dominated by low-key, which contains a lot of intermediate gray information of intermediate tones.

Exaggerated words

low key

neutral tone

High-profile works occupy most of the picture with white to light gray tones, plus a small amount of dark tones. High-profile works give people a clear, pure and light feeling, but with the change of subject matter and environment, there will also be a feeling of desolation, emptiness and sadness. Low-key works occupy most of the picture with dark gray to black tone levels, and a small amount of white plays a role in tone contrast. Low-key works form a dignified, solemn and resolute feeling, but in another environment, it will give people a feeling of darkness, gloom and fear. The alto works are dominated by gray tones, which are between high-key and low-key, with small contrast and rich levels. The image consists of white to light gray and dark gray to black tone levels. The impression is rich in layers and delicate in texture. Intermediate tone works are the most common tone pictures in photography.

In color photography, medium high and medium low still exist, which refers to the distribution of high brightness, low brightness and ordinary brightness in the picture, resulting in the same visual effect as black and white photography.

Whether it is black and white or color, the medium height can be achieved by designing the colors in the picture. But more often, photographers still use light to reflect lightness and hue. Severe overexposure is white, extreme overexposure is not black, and in the ordinary objective world, most black-and-white photos of scenery reflect gray, so it can be inferred that accurate exposure is intermediate tone.

Through the selection of lights and the control of angles, various classifications of tones can be realized. Finally, let's give a popular definition of mood.

Tone, that is, the tone of light and shadow.