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Gutian Longtou (I) The Origin and Distribution of Longyou

Youlong in Gutian Town originated from the Deng family in Xiabao Village in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. According to research, Deng Ying, the eighth ancestor of Deng Wu, was born in the Ming Dynasty. He became an inspector in Chaozhou and later settled in Chaozhou. His brother Deng Gong still lives in Dengwu, Gutian County. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the grandson of Deng Gongzi went to Chaozhou to visit relatives. When he saw the dragon dance in Chaozhou, he sighed and took it back to Gutian for imitation. Soon after, the Deng family in Gutian went to Youlong for the first time during the Lantern Festival. On the fourteenth night of the first month, the villagers were so happy that they lit Song Ming and set off firecrackers in front of each house to welcome them.

At that time, the dragon was small and short, only about 0.4 meters in diameter and only over 20 knots in length. After many improvements, the height and width of the dragon have been set, and the production style of the dragon has been perfect and has been passed down to this day. The faucet is 2.4 meters high, 7 meters long, 0.8 meters in diameter, 0.7 meters in eye socket, and has a wide mouth, which contains a red dragon ball with a diameter of 0.6 ~ 0.7 meters, which is full of momentum. The dragon waist is 2.2 meters high, 0.7 meters in diameter and 4.3 meters long. Longwei is 2.4m high, 6m long and 0.8m in diameter. Because the faucet is huge, there are 8 people in a class when traveling. 1 Watch the road to see if there are any obstacles ahead. Three people hold the faucet from all sides with ropes, which can keep balance and reduce the burden of Longtuo. The beaten tail was separated from the dragon body, and three people carried it behind. It is said that the dragon's tail is connected to the engine, which is similar to a real dragon and can cause lightning, electric shock and storm, so it is not connected to the dragon's body. Each section (also called "bridge") has a 6 cm hole at both ends of the dragon board, and a 2 m long bamboo pole is inserted into the hole between the sections to connect the dragons. The dragon stick is placed in the "insert bag" (a bag made of cowhide) at the lower end, so that the dragon can be lifted up for travel. Every bridge dragon must have at least two young people to be competent.

From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, there were 12 dragons in Gutian, which were distributed in Shangbao, Bao Zhong, Xiabao, Hualong, Chengdou, Changjiao, Shangyu, Yu Xia, Donghua, An Baili and Yang Di. Among them, Nine Dragons is composed of two or three surnames and 1, such as Shangbaochen, Lai and Sang, and 1; There is 1 between Deng Zhai and (Deng surname and Jiang surname) in Xiabao Village, and 1 between Deng Zhai and (Zhou surname and Huang surname); The surnames of Deng, Zhan, Qian and 3 in Xiaoyangdi are 1. There are children, Chen and Lin in Changjiao Village 1 surnames.

After the founding of New China, the number of Gutian dragons gradually decreased. In the past 10 years, only three dragons were left, including Bao Zhong, Xiabao's Deng Wu, Tang Wan and Chengdou.

(2) The date of the Year of the Loong and the burning of dragons.

Thirteen dragons and fourteen burning dragons: Xiaoyangdi1;

Fourteen dragons and fifteen dragons: Huakeng 1, Deng and Jiang (Deng Wu,)1;

Fifteen dragons and sixteen dragons: Shangbao, Bao Zhong, Yuanjia, Hutou, Yu Xia, Yang Di, Chengdou, Changjiao, etc.

Sixteen dragons gave birth to seventeen dragons and burned: Zhou, Huang surname 1.

(C) Characteristics of Gutian Dalong

Gutian 12 dragons are similar in shape, among which Wulong is the most distinctive, as follows:

The dragon in Deng Wuli is "mature". The ancient world dance began in Youlong during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. A few years later, Hong Caigong of the fifteenth generation of Deng Wu agreed with his neighbors on the year number, and then Deng Wu and (Deng and Jiang) joined hands to hold the same name for one year in turn. The number of "bridges" of this dragon is generally around fifty or sixty knots.

Dragons in Bao Zhong "grow well". In the Qing Dynasty, the names of Zhongbaojiang and Huahua were He Qinglong. With the growth of population, dragons are increasing gradually. From the reign of Qing Qianlong, the two separated and swam for a year. In order to keep "good-looking", at that time, the two surnames stipulated that no matter whether Jiang or China had a dragon surname, it needed a bridge section above 100. If it is really difficult to fill 100 bridge, dragon eggs should also be used to fill the gap. Every two bridges have a dragon egg. Since then, both surnames have been implemented in accordance with this regulation, maintaining the characteristics of "good growth".

In the history of Youlong, there were two times when she was the best in the world, and both times she had China's surname. The first time was 1946, with a length of 173, more than 700 meters. The other time was in 2002, with 230 knots and more than 900 meters.

The dragon in Huakeng is high. The size and length of the dragon in the flower pit are the same as those in other villages, but the height when it started swimming was unique and surprisingly high. The first pole of the faucet is one foot two feet long, the second pole is one foot nine, the third pole is one foot eight, and so on. Each bridge is one inch shorter. But there are not many bridges, usually only thirty or forty, so the last dragon stick is eight feet high, more than two feet higher than other villages. "Dragon Boat" should choose a special place, not a flat road, but a slope, with a short rope tied to the bridge and shouting "Get up!" Lift it up at once, and the movement must be uneven. The dragon stick they used was not equipped with an iron fence, and the top was cross-shaped. As soon as they shouted "stop", they all put down and let go. Chinese swindlers are good at holding dragons and have amazing strength. The faucet does not need rope traction, and the dragon waist does not need to be inserted into the bag. It's hard to lift your hands when you lift your feet. The weightlifter only wears a belt around his waist. When he is tired, he can put the dragon stick into his belt and have a rest. It's really spectacular to strut along the way. The dragon in Huakeng not only "flies high" but also "swims well".

The dragons named Xia Baozhou and Huang are "well painted". Zhou He was originally a lantern, but later it was changed to Youlong. Their dragon paintings are like holding a farmers' art exhibition, and the audience likes to see them. Except for a few dragon patterns and moire patterns, most of them are Dragon Play Beads, Chaoyang, Meilan Bamboo Chrysanthemum, Peony and Peony, Eight Immortals Offering Treasures, Seeing off the Son, Cock Crane, Exotic Flowers and Herbs, Carp yue longmen, etc. Their dragons are not only well painted, but also the poems and sentences at both ends are well carved. The font is really a combination of cursive and ancient calligraphy styles, and the painting method has been passed down from generation to generation. So their dragons have been known as "well painted" since ancient times. Swimming between fields

Cheng, Jiang, Yang and Li were named as big dragons, which were "good-natured". The dragon in the city pocket will swim by the river and walk many times, but it is orderly and the audience applauds.

(D) the significance of Longyou

1, a bridge of friendship and a bond of unity

Gutian Qinglong is a dragon with two surnames and three surnames. These HeQingLong surnames have a good relationship. Like brothers, there has never been sectarian struggle. Such as Hua and Jiang, have lived together for hundreds of years, and the two sides get along well. Youlong handed in the fifteenth day of the first month of the following year. If the river is a dragon, Youlong's head and the dragon's tail and his party had to hold some chopsticks, paper and guns, and two pairs of dragon candles to burn incense, fire guns and shoot guns at the ancestral temple of General Hua as a sign of respect. If the surname of China people is Long, reciprocity is welcome. It has been handed down for more than ten generations and is still being followed today. The two surnames live in harmony and live in peace.

2. Cultivate dragon-making artistic talents.

Gutian's dragon-making technology has been passed down from generation to generation. Father Zhalong and son helped each other and learned invisibly for two years. Dragon making includes 15 processes, such as preparing dragon board, preparing bones and muscles, tying dragon head, tying dragon tail, tying dragon waist, tying dragon claw, tying dragon egg, pasting, painting dragon, cutting paste, inscription, lighting, preparing dragon stick, inserting bags and inserting cloth. The skeleton of the dragon is tied with bamboo sticks, covered with rice paper, and painted with dragons and clouds. The production time is from the third day to the fourteenth day, and each dragon waist should last for at least 4 days.

199 1 the eighth day of the first month, Longyan Camellia Festival. Gutian Dalong will travel in Longyan during the Camellia Festival. /kloc-in late February, 30 people were organized to tie dragons in Longyan, and a dragon tied with 108 and a little dragon tied with 12 were tied in just ten days, and they were erected. The second day organized 20 people to draw dragons, so that the picture of each dragon was different, and the poems, sentences and couplets cut at both ends of each dragon were not repeated. Gutian Farmers' Poetry Society selected three talents who can write, draw and write poetry. These people, without heavy expectations, completed the task of painting, writing poems and writing words on the seventh day of the Lunar New Year. A couplet engraved on the faucet is: "The dragon in the world is the first; Yancheng Flower Festival is the first time. " The word "Longyan" is easily embedded in it, and the title is very accurate. This time, Dalong visited the calligraphy and painting of Longyan Camellia Festival, which was well received by the literary and art circles.

Liancheng county showed the majestic posture of Gutian Dalong in the large-scale folk street-stepping activity celebrating the anniversary of Longyan's founding 10. In the eyes of Yancheng citizens, there is a 79-section dragon nearly 300 meters long.

3, exercise in pleasure, increase physical fitness.

Hold the dragon with your hands, feet, eyes, shoulders and head. Stride forward, sink into the abdomen, and squat with your legs firmly, which is the basic skill of lifting dragons. When the dragon enters the corner (90-degree sharp turn), if you don't know the trick, you will definitely be tired and sweating. If it's windy, it's the most laborious thing. A dragon weighs 100 pounds. At this time, you should put your head against the wind, push your feet hard, spread your feet in eight steps, and hold the dragon stick tightly with both hands, so that the dragon will not be blown down by the wind and its strength will naturally come into play. Holding the dragon is an excellent physical exercise.

199 1, Longyan Camellia Festival Dragon Tour. "One night, the dragon traveled around the world; Three times, Kyushu knows. " Gutian Dalong caused a sensation in Longyan City, and the foreign guests in Longyan witnessed the majestic posture of Gutian Dalong with their own eyes and were full of praise. It was also filmed and broadcast to the motherland, Malaysia and Taiwan Province Province, causing a sensation. CCTV's "Chinese Style" column broadcast live the scene of Gutian Dalong. During the period of 1992, reporters and photographers from the provincial pictorial took photos of Gutian's visit to Dalong and published them in Fujian Pictorial. Provincial and local newspapers and periodicals have published many articles about Gutian Dalong. 1996 On the eighth day, sctv broadcast that there was a big dragon in Gutian. It is really the world-famous Gutian Dalong.

Gutian people love dragons and regard them as a symbol of praying for good weather, prosperity of the country and peace of the people. With the progress of social civilization, Youlong, a traditional activity, will develop more healthily and add luster to China culture.

4, reflecting the unique material of Gutian.

4. 1 Dalong bamboo resources

Gutian is rich in water conservancy, minerals and forest resources. The town has a forested area of 435,000 mu, with a forest stock of more than 2 million cubic meters, which is one of the important forest areas in Liancheng. The bamboo forest covers an area of more than 60,000 mu, with 7.2 million bamboo trees. The important parts of making dragon skeleton and dragon stick all come from this bamboo forest.

4.2 Paste Dalong Xuan Paper

Liancheng Xuan paper has a history of more than 400 years. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Liancheng County produced bamboo paper and leather paper. In the second year, the papermaking master in Gutian Town went to Shaowu to learn the local papermaking technology. After returning home, he combined with local technology to improve and formed a unique Liancheng Xuan paper production technology.

"It's not easy to cut paper, but it's seventy-two", which means that the natural bleaching process of Liancheng Xuan paper bamboo silk is complicated, with 72 processes. The main technological process is divided into two parts: material preparation and paper making, which takes about 8 months. The preparation of materials is mainly in the mountains. First, cut green, that is, cut tender bamboo on the mountain and put it into the bamboo pond, which takes 2 months to rot; Then washing the soaked tender bamboo into shredded bamboo, blowing the shredded bamboo, soaking in lime water, washing and cooking, soaking in soda ash and cooking again; After washing, the shredded bamboo was dried on a bamboo pole to make a shredded bamboo cake. Bleached in the mountains for 3 months, then sent to the storage room for storage. Before you can prepare the raw materials for paper making. Firstly, the paper is fished out by hand in the paper shed, and about 300 layers of wet paper with a thickness of 15 cm are fished out, and then the water is squeezed out; Then, it is sent to a paper drying room for baking; The baked paper is carefully sorted and selected by the master, and the unqualified paper is removed to ensure the quality of Xuan paper; Finally, cut the paper with a 60 cm long paper-cutting machete according to the specifications, package it and sell it.

It is the unique production technology that has created the high quality of Liancheng Xuan paper. The paper is moderate in thickness, strong in tensile strength, soft in texture, dense and durable, white and ink-absorbing, and can withstand wind, rain, sun and strong light without discoloration, enjoying the reputation of "not fading for a hundred years and not yellowing for a thousand years". In addition, Gutian's high-quality bleached rice paper has always been the material used by Bao Si woodblock printing industry to print more important books and papers, which provides favorable conditions for the development of woodblock printing industry. In the early years of the Republic of China, Liancheng Xuan paper industry reached its peak, with more than 0/000 manual paper troughs and more than 0/0000 workers, with an annual output of 60,000 tons and more than 50 paper shops. Products are exported to all parts of the country and Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and other places, and it was one of the five rice paper producing areas in China at that time.

Liancheng county took the initiative to cooperate with departments and enterprises to actively declare the intangible cultural heritage of Liancheng Xuan paper making process. In September 2007, this craft was listed as the second batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage by Fujian Provincial People's Government. After the Spring Festival, every household in Gutian began to carry bamboo, prepare dragon cards and tie dragons. The making process of dragon is quite complicated, including preparing dragon board, preparing bones and muscles, tying dragon head, tying dragon tail, tying dragon waist, tying dragon claw, tying dragon egg, pasting, drawing dragon, cutting and pasting, inscription, lighting and so on. Each dragon is four meters long and has round holes at both ends for mutual connection. The faucet is 2.4 meters high and 7 meters long, and the dragon mouth contains a big red dragon ball, which is very powerful. The dragon waist is 2.2 meters high and 4.3 meters long; Weilong is 2.4 meters high and 6 meters long.

In each section of the dragon, five young adults take turns to lift and swim, while the dragon is led by three people, one watching the road ahead, and four people pulling it from all directions with ropes to make it move smoothly. Looking at the young man with a bag on his shoulder and a dragon stick in his hand, he staggered out of a big dragon and had to deal with the extrusion before and after, so he couldn't help worrying. But for the local young people, it is very tiring, but it is very interesting. This is the most lively scene of Chinese New Year.