Basic knowledge of photography

Photography refers to the process of recording images with some special equipment. Generally, we take photos with mechanical cameras or digital cameras. So, what are the basic knowledge of photography? Come and have a look with me!

Photography classification:

still-life photography

Still life photography, as opposed to figure photography and landscape photography, takes pictures of inanimate objects (this concept of inanimate objects is relative, such as fish and shrimp caught from the sea, melons and fruits picked, etc. ) and man-made objects that can move or combine freely as performance objects. Mostly take industrial or handmade products, natural inanimate objects and so on as the shooting theme. On the basis of truly reflecting the inherent characteristics of the subject, the subject is represented as a photographic work with artistic beauty through creative ideas and photography means such as composition, light, tone and color. It's called still life photography.

Still life photography has a vast world in material selection. After selecting materials, we can deal with these objects at will, because objects are inanimate and can move from multiple angles at will to achieve our creative intention. Still life photography has two advantages: first, the deepening process of further understanding of artistic vision. When some ordinary objects are taken into fascinating photos, it is actually a process of in-depth study and observation of these objects. Secondly, shooting still life can gain more practical photography knowledge. For photographers, the difficulty of still life photography lies in its unique picture composition. When arranging the subject, we must choose the shooting angle, be creative in using light, and then apply the practical photography knowledge and basic principles learned from still life photography to daily photography.

Portrait photography

Portrait photography is different from ordinary portrait photography: portrait photography takes the description and expression of the specific appearance and expression of the subject as its primary creative task. Although some portrait photography works also contain certain plots, they still mainly show the appearance of the subject, and a considerable number of portrait photography works only explain the image of the subject without specific plots. Figure photography focuses on the events and activities that the subject participates in, and its main task is to show the specific plot, rather than showing the appearance and behavior of the subject with vivid images. The important difference between them is whether they describe the appearance of the characters in detail. Whether it's a single person or a group of people, whether it's a snapshot in a scene or a pose in a photo studio, whether it's a plot or not, as long as it's a photo that mainly shows the specific appearance and mental state of the subject, it belongs to the category of portrait photography. Those photographic works that mainly show the activities and plots of the characters and reflect a certain theme of life, but the appearance of the subject is not very prominent, whether it is close-up or whole body, can only belong to the category of character photography. Of course, in a broad sense, portrait photography is about people and also belongs to character photography. Portrait photography takes the description and description of the appearance and manner of the subject as its performance task, and the characters should have distinctive looks. Can be divided into three categories: photography indoor portrait, indoor specific environment portrait, outdoor portrait. Portrait photography needs both form and spirit.

Documentary photography

Documentary photography refers to photo photography that takes recording as the first purpose and reflects the true image of objective things.

Photography was born for recording. Its powerful vitality after its birth lies precisely in its recording function. This is incomparable or irreplaceable by other technologies or arts. So, broadly speaking, photography is recording. The result of documentary photography is an image documentary. Accordingly, video documentary works include video news works and video documentary works. The purpose of documentary photography (perhaps not the only one, but it is the primary purpose) is to record; The premise is to respect the objective truth; Object is the representation of objective things; The recording method is to reproduce the image by photography. Documentary photography can be divided into news photography and documentary photography according to the different ways of recording images and the different values pursued.

artistic photography

With the development of the times, people continue to add artistic elements to photography and begin to produce artistic photography. The difference between it and documentary photography lies in the artistic level, but there is no absolute boundary. For example, let's take a photo as an ID card or leave a souvenir. Generally, the photos taken by the photo studio have at most some information or record value. However, 50 years later, Mr. Zheng Jingkang's portrait of Mr. Qi Baishi is still one of the 20 best portraits in the world. The difference lies entirely in the artistic level. The effect of artistic photography is more beautiful, because it requires not only technology, but also the time, place and angle of shooting.

Photo photography

Photo photography has always been an important form of portrait photography with its beautiful picture language and beautiful design connotation. /kloc-In the second half of the 0/9th century, British photographer Landa took photos of two life paths, which were predicted as "a new era of photography is coming". When photography was still despised at that time, this work was highly praised by Queen Victoria for its inspiring theme and oil painting composition. It can be said that Lanzhou University has contributed a lot to the development of photography. Since then, photo photography has gradually become an important genre of photography.

Commercial photography

Commercial photography, as its name implies, refers to photography activities for commercial purposes. In a narrow sense, it is commercial photography, and in a broad sense, it is a type of photography that publishes goods or writes stories, which is extremely important in current photography activities.

The one you want. This kind of photography exists for commercial interests, and shooting according to the requirements of enterprises is relatively restrictive.

Ink photography

Like traditional ink painting, ink photography works appearing on the market now can be divided into landscapes, flowers and birds, and artistic conception according to the subject matter, which corresponds to landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting in Chinese painting; According to the technique and artistic conception, it can be divided into abstract and concrete, which corresponds to the freehand brushwork and meticulous brushwork of Chinese painting.

Although it is inevitable to use Photoshop and other software to post-process the ink-wash photos, this does not mean that the original photos can be distorted at will. A good ink and wash photography should be to modify the original photo as little as possible, which tests the photographer's composition and light capture ability.

Holography

Holography refers to a new photography technology, which records all the information of the amplitude and phase of the reflected wave of the object being photographed. Ordinary photography records the light intensity distribution on the surface of the object, but it can't record the phase information of the reflected light of the object, so it loses its three-dimensional sense. Holography uses laser as the illumination source, and divides the light emitted by the light source into two beams, one of which is directly directed at the photosensitive plate, and the other is reflected by the subject and then directed at the photosensitive plate. When the human eye directly looks at this photosensitive film, it can only see interference fringes like fingerprints, but if it is irradiated by laser, the human eye can see the three-dimensional image of the original object through the film. Even if only a small part of the holographic image remains, it can still reproduce the whole scene. Holography can be applied to nondestructive testing, ultrasonic holography, holographic microscope, holographic storage, holographic film and television and many other aspects in industry.

Photographic lamp:

Light mainly includes four characteristics-light intensity, light properties, light directionality and light color.

We mainly talk about the directionality of light, that is, forward light, lateral light, backward light and diffused light.

Guang Shun 1

Also called positive light and peaceful light. Light shines from the front of the subject, which is characterized by high brightness, flat image and good color reproduction, but the light is relatively flat, so it is difficult to show three-dimensional sense.

2. Indirect explanation

Light comes from the side of the subject and is usually divided into front light and backlight. It is characterized by obvious three-dimensional sense of the subject, richer tone levels and line outlines, and can better depict the appearance characteristics and expressions of characters.

3. Backlighting

Also known as "backlight". The light comes from the back or oblique back of the subject, which is characterized by drawing a beautiful outline for the subject, distinguishing the characters from the background, and showing a strong sense of space.

4. Direct light

Also known as "glare". Outdoor generally refers to the light emitted by the sun on a sunny day, which is characterized by its strong directionality, which can form a strong contrast between light and shade and a three-dimensional effect on the subject, and the effect is relatively tough.

5。 Scattered light

Also known as "soft light". Outdoor generally refers to sunlight passing through clouds or being reflected by the ground, walls, etc. It is characterized by no clear directionality, no obvious relationship between light and shade when shining on the subject, rich intermediate transition layer and softer image. This kind of light is the ideal light for shooting portraits, and the skin layers of the characters are very rich.