Entering Shaanxi Archaeological Museum: Exploring the Past, Present and Future of Shaanxi Archaeology

In front of the newly-built Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, there is a special bridge called "Archaeological Bridge". On the bridge deck, every few steps, you will see a few lines, recording the major archaeological events in Shaanxi. In 58 BC, Myrica rubra reached its peak, and Zhang Chang interpreted the text. The archaeological history of Shaanxi begins here-

Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is the first archaeological museum in China, which not only shows the relevant knowledge of archaeology, but also traces the history of archaeology in Shaanxi.

According to Records of Sacrifice to the Suburbs in the History of Han Dynasty, a bronze tripod was unearthed in Yangmei (Fufeng County, Baoji City) in the fourth year of Emperor Xuandi of the Western Han Dynasty (58 BC). The tripod was put into the palace, and no one could recognize the inscription inside. Finally, Zhang Chang, a doctor of Tai Zhong, interpreted these inscriptions, which showed that he had a solid bronze ware appraisal and inscription reading ability, and became a talented person in epigraphy with few records in ancient official history.

Epigraphy is the predecessor of archaeology in China, with ancient bronzes and stone carvings as the main research objects, focusing on description and textual research, in order to achieve the purpose of textual research of classics and supplement history. Epigraphy was formed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Ouyang Xiu was the pioneer of epigraphy. His student Ceng Gong first put forward the word "epigraphy" in his book "Epigraphy". In Qing Dynasty, Wang Mingsheng and others formally put forward the name of "epigraphy".

In ancient times, Lu Dalin of Shaanxi Province was a master of epigraphy and was known as "the originator of China archaeology". In the seventh year of Yuan You (1092), Lu Dalin compiled archaeological maps into a book, systematically recorded the ancient bronzes and jades collected by the court and private houses at that time, carefully copied the shape and description of each object, recorded the size, capacity, weight and other information, and marked the land and collection place as far as possible.

From March 2006 to February 2009, archaeologists excavated the Lu family cemetery in the Northern Song Dynasty in Wulitou Village, Lantian County. A total of 29 graves were cleared and more than 700 relics were unearthed. Basically, it is certain that the tomb of Lu Dalin is among them.

At the beginning of the 20th century, scholars from Europe, America, East Asia and China conducted a series of early archaeological investigations and explorations in Shaanxi. /kloc-During 0/898, Italian George collected rectangular stone knives with holes in Yan 'an, while Japanese Guan, Tsumoto, Sang, Zang, Unozhe, Zuli Xiliu, French Sasha Vujacic, Segalan, Germany, Sang Zhihua and others once conducted archaeological investigations in Shaanxi, leaving a lot of precious words and images.

192 1 year, when An Tesheng, a Swedish geologist, and Yuan Fuli, a geologist from China, conducted a geological survey, they found historical remains such as cultural layers, painted pottery pieces and stone tools in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan Province, which opened the curtain of modern archaeology in China. Subsequently, domestic academic groups were established one after another and came to Shaanxi Province to carry out archaeological work, which accumulated experience for the archaeological development here. During the Republic of China, institutions and groups such as Xijing Preparatory Committee, National Peiping Research Institute, Central Antiquities Preservation Committee, Shaanxi Archaeological Society, National Northwest Associated University, Art and Culture Investigation Mission of the Ministry of Education, and Northwest Historical Geography Investigation Mission successively carried out cultural relics investigation in Shaanxi.

1In June, 940, the Ministry of Education of the National Government set up an art and cultural relics investigation team headed by Wang Ziyun, and collected cultural relics and historic sites in northwest China, including Shaanxi Province, by means of photography, copying, rubbing, copying, surveying and mapping, recording and modeling.

From 1934 to 1937, under the leadership of Xu et al. of Shaanxi Archaeological Society, three archaeological excavations were carried out on the Doujitai site in Baoji, and 45 tombs in Zhou, Qin and Western Han Dynasties, Chemakeng 1 Block and Neolithic settlements were cleared up, which was not only one of the most important excavation projects in the early development period of archaeology in China, but also in Shaanxi.

In the process of archaeological excavation in Doujitai, archaeologists adopted the method of "zoning exploration", wrote excavation logs with English letters and numbers, standardized records and other means, and established the practice of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the site with the southwest corner of the exploration ditch as the measuring punctuation. Later, Su participated in the second and third archaeological excavations, and edited and published Tombs in the Eastern District of Doujitaigou and Illustration of Tombs in the Eastern District of Doujitaigou.

Su summarized a set of objective laws of the development and evolution of the unearthed objects in Doujitaigou Dongling in the appendix of "Study on Bricks and Tiles in Doujitaigou Dongling", which marked the official start of the typology method of modern archaeology in China. Therefore, Su is called "the founder of archaeological typology" in China.

After the founding of New China, archaeology, which was interrupted for many years by the war, gradually resumed. The state attaches great importance to the protection of cultural relics in the construction of water conservancy, road construction, factories and schools, farmland water conservancy and other basic projects. At the same time, the national law on the protection of cultural relics has been promulgated one after another, and archaeological research institutions at all levels and archaeological majors in colleges and universities have been established one after another. The continuous rescue archaeological excavation has become the norm, dating back to the basic forms of ancient clan and tribal society, and scientific archaeology has been carried out in an all-round way from a historical perspective.

From 1954 to 1957, Shi Xingbang was responsible for five archaeological excavations of Xi 'an Banpo site. Through the combination of large-scale exposure and detailed research and analysis, we found a wealth of moats, dwellings, caves, pottery kilns, tombs and other relics, and unearthed tens of thousands of production tools and utensils such as pottery, stone tools, bones and mussels. At the same time, it is confirmed that the semi-slope type and the late semi-slope type of Yangshao culture constitute the basic sequence of Yangshao culture in Weishui River Basin and Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan regions from morning till night: semi-slope type-Miaodigou type-late semi-slope type.

1in March, 974, while digging a well, the villagers in Lintong County came across the terracotta warriors and horses pit on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. Subsequently, archaeologists excavated three terracotta warriors and horses pits here, and unearthed a large number of terracotta warriors and horses, terracotta warriors and horses, chariots and weapons in the Qin Dynasty, which is known as the "eighth wonder of the world".

From 65438 to 0979, the inaugural meeting of the Archaeological Society of China was held in Xi 'an, and archaeology in Shaanxi and China ushered in a brand-new spring. Since the reform and opening up, the archaeological cause in Shaanxi has developed rapidly, and major archaeological discoveries have emerged continuously. Museums established on this basis, such as Ganling Museum, Famen Temple Museum, Yaozhou Kiln Museum, Hanyang Mausoleum Museum and Guo Rui Museum in Liangdai Village, have become the windows to show Shaanxi's history and culture.

1982, Shaanxi Archaeological Society was established and held its first annual meeting in An, with the participation of 102 members engaged in archaeological research, teaching and cultural relics in the whole province. At the same time, academic journals such as Archaeology and Cultural Relics sponsored by Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology, Prehistoric Research sponsored by Banpo Museum, and Wenbo sponsored by Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics have been established one after another, which has become an important platform for cultural and archaeological academic exchanges inside and outside Shaanxi Province.

2 1 century, China's archaeological career shoulders the mission of "cultural power". Taking the opportunity of "archaeological sites lead the protection and utilization of cultural heritage", Shaanxi archaeology has entered a new stage of high-quality development. At present, Shaanxi Province has promoted archaeological sites 15, participated in major projects such as "Exploring the Source of Chinese Civilization" and "Archaeological China", and promoted the development of archaeological disciplines to diversification of theories, methods and technology modernization. More than 40 archaeological projects have successively won the honors of "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in China", "Field Archaeological Award", "New Archaeological Discoveries in China" and "World Major Field Archaeological Discoveries".

In recent years, Shaanxi archaeology has developed internationally, adhering to the cooperative principles of "going out" and "please come in", and has made remarkable achievements in cultural relics protection technology and archaeological cooperative excavation, and has become an important position for studying the history of China civilization, oriental social history and world cultural history.

At present, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology actively builds academic exchange platforms, and has successively established good cooperative relations with more than 30 well-known universities and cultural and artistic research institutions in the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Switzerland, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and other countries and regions. Civilization is colorful because of communication, and culture is enriched because of mutual learning.

From 58 BC, Yangmei won the tripod, and Zhang Chang explained the text; By 1934, modern archaeology in Shaanxi began at the Doujitai site in Baoji; In 2022, Shaanxi Archaeological Museum will open to the public at the foot of Qinling Mountains. Shaanxi archaeology has accumulated more than 2000 years of cultural heritage, inherited the scientific research spirit of nearly 100 years, and opened a new chapter in future archaeology.