Small knowledge of lighting

Lighting is a measure to use various light sources to illuminate the workplace or individual objects.

The use of sunlight and skylight is called "natural lighting"; Using artificial light sources is called "artificial lighting". The main purpose of lighting is to create good visibility and comfortable and pleasant environment.

Interior design lighting is a professional design of illuminance, color temperature and color rendering index of various architectural environments. It not only meets the requirements of indoor "brightness", but also plays a role in setting off the environment and atmosphere.

Generally, the requirements are put forward by interior architects, and the electrical engineers make accounting and adjustment. It also refers to the act of being irradiated by light or the state of being irradiated by light.

The art of using natural or artificial light in film shooting. It involves the use of lighting equipment, lighting design, site layout, determination of light level, light ratio, color tone and lighting effect, lens lighting treatment and so on. This is an indispensable means for photographers to create (see film plastic arts and film lights).

Lighting design should be people-oriented, but first of all, we should consider safety and practicality, as well as illumination requirements, installation methods and maintenance methods, and finally combine humanized creativity. A good lighting design must have the above prerequisites, which have been described in the lighting entry. Lighting design can refer to Jurassic lighting related literature. Lighting is a means to provide people with sufficient lighting (general lighting) or good recognition (road lighting, advertising signs, etc.) by using artificial light or natural light. ), emphasizing features (architectural lighting, accent lighting, etc.). ), or create a comfortable light environment (residential lighting, etc.). ), create a special atmosphere (commercial stage lighting), other special purposes (biochemistry, medical care, plant cultivation, etc. ).

Lighting methods can be divided into general lighting, regional general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting. Its application principle should meet the following requirements: 1. When local lighting is not suitable or mixed lighting is unreasonable, general lighting should be adopted; Second, when a work area needs to be higher than the general illumination, the general illumination of different areas can be used; Third, for places with high illumination requirements, low station density and unreasonable general lighting installed separately, mixed lighting should be adopted; Four, in the workplace should not only install local lighting.

2. Seek common sense of lighting.

Lighting is a measure to use various light sources to illuminate the workplace or individual objects. The use of sunlight and skylight is called "natural lighting"; Using artificial light sources is called "artificial lighting". The main purpose of lighting is to create good visibility and comfortable and pleasant environment. Interior design lighting is a professional design of illuminance, color temperature and color rendering index of various architectural environments. It not only meets the requirements of indoor "brightness", but also plays a role in setting off the environment and atmosphere. Generally, the requirements are put forward by interior architects, and the electrical engineers make accounting and adjustment. It also refers to the act of being irradiated by light or the state of being irradiated by light.

The art of using natural or artificial light in film shooting. It involves the use of lighting equipment, lighting design, site layout, determination of light level, light ratio, color tone and lighting effect, lens lighting treatment and so on. This is an indispensable means for photographers to create (see film plastic arts and film lights).

Lighting design should be people-oriented, but first of all, we should consider safety and practicality, as well as illumination requirements, installation methods and maintenance methods, and finally combine humanized creativity. A good lighting design must have the above prerequisites, which have been described in the lighting entry. Lighting design can refer to Jurassic lighting related literature.

Lighting is a means to provide people with sufficient lighting (general lighting) or good recognition (road lighting, advertising signs, etc.) by using artificial light or natural light. ), emphasizing features (architectural lighting, accent lighting, etc.). ), or create a comfortable light environment (residential lighting, etc.). ), create a special atmosphere (commercial stage lighting), other special purposes (biochemistry, medical care, plant cultivation, etc. ).

Lighting methods can be divided into general lighting, regional general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting. Its application principles shall meet the following requirements:

First, when it is inappropriate to install local lighting or it is unreasonable to use mixed lighting, general lighting should be used;

Second, when a work area needs to be higher than the general illumination, the general illumination of different areas can be used;

Third, for places with high illumination requirements, low station density and unreasonable general lighting installed separately, mixed lighting should be adopted;

Four, in the workplace should not only install local lighting.

3. Common sense of lamps and lanterns

The official name of energy-saving lamp is rare earth tricolor compact fluorescent lamp, which was born in Philips Company of the Netherlands in 1970s.

On the premise of light output, this light source only needs to consume the power consumption of ordinary incandescent lamps 1/5 to 1/4, so it is called energy-saving lamp. Experts believe that the manufacturing technology of compact energy-saving lamps in China has matured after 20 years of tempering, which can fully meet the requirements of consumers.

As long as consumers choose real high-quality energy-saving lamps, the result is bound to save electricity and money. So how to choose a really high-quality energy-saving lamp? There are several tips: first, it depends on whether there is a national inspection mark; Second, it depends on the outer packaging of the product, including the trademark, power and mark of the product.

Wipe with a soft wet cloth, the mark is clear, and it can be judged as qualified; Third, look at the service life. Qualified energy-saving lamps can be used for more than 5000 hours in the test state, and must be used for more than 2000 hours in normal use. If you can't meet this standard, it is an inferior product; Fourth, it depends on safety requirements.

During installation and disassembly, check whether the lamp holder is loose, bent and insulated. In addition, it depends on whether the outer tube material of the energy-saving lamp is heat-resistant and fire-resistant, and whether the fluorescent powder in the lamp is uniform.

If it is not used, the two ends of the lamp tube will turn black, which is an unqualified product. Another point is the price comparison. Generally speaking, the cost is relatively high due to special reasons in the manufacturing process of energy-saving lamps.

If it is an energy-saving lamp with seven or eight yuan, it is likely to be an inferior product produced by ordinary small factories. Generally, the price of domestic energy-saving lamps is more than 40 to 50 yuan, and the imported ones are higher. Ceiling lamps, also known as ceiling lamps, are widely used in halls, aisles, kitchens, bathrooms, balconies and so on.

Ceiling lamps are suitable for middle and low-grade decoration. There are two kinds of lampshades: glass and PS board, which are divided into milky white and ice flower styles. Shapes are square, long, round, spherical and cylindrical.

Lampshade is really an interesting topic. It is said that there is already a layer of glass outside the electric lamp, so there should be no need to add another layer of cover.

But in fact, there are more and more styles of lampshades. In order to emphasize the lighting in a small area, a circular reflector is added behind the lamp or a convex lens is installed in front of the lamp, which becomes a spotlight.

In order to give people a brilliant feeling, the periphery of the lamp is decorated with particles or strips of crystals, which refracts the light repeatedly and becomes a decorative lamp. In order to refract all the light and give people a soft feeling, an opaque cylindrical lampshade was invented, so that the light only illuminates the floor and ceiling.

In order to not only read under the lamp, but also provide indoor lighting by using the light passing through the lampshade, an umbrella-shaped translucent lampshade was invented, which made the light bright and the environment soft. Therefore, living at home, a little warmth, a little affection, quietly overflowed from one lamp after another.

Chandelier chandeliers can be further divided into multi-head chandeliers and single-head chandeliers. The former is used in the living room, while the latter is used in the bedroom or dining room. The lighting of chandelier is mainly lampshade.

The light passes through the milky white lampshade, which is soft and comfortable. If you put down the range hood and let the light shine directly into the room, it will look bright and bright.

When the range hood is upward, the light shines on the ceiling and then reflects off, making the light evenly distributed, soft and pleasing to the eye. Multi-head chandeliers on the market are all equipped with frosted glass covers, with a variety of flower shapes, divided into one layer and multiple layers. Colors are colorless pure white, pink, light blue, light green, golden yellow and milky white. In addition, there are crystal lampshades for sale.

Single-head chandeliers are mostly made into spherical or flowerpot shapes. Of course, there are some more personalized chandeliers, such as adjustable chandeliers. The big lampshade is made of glass and plastic, and the light bulb is placed in the hood. Due to the variety of colors of lampshades, the light changes accordingly, and they are often used to decorate the top of the dining table.

(Note: According to experience, it is best for working-class people not to buy complicated chandeliers. First, it is not cost-effective, and second, it is difficult to clean when it is dirty. Table lamp Table lamp is one of the most varied and dynamic lamps used at home.

At present, there are two kinds of desk lamps on the market: craft desk lamps and writing desk lamps. At present, the craft desk lamps on the market include glass mill, ceramic colored glaze, cloisonne, plastic spraying and other products, emphasizing artistic modeling and decorative effect.

Writing desk lamps include metal snakeskin tube desk lamp, card spring rocker arm hanging desk lamp, all-plastic desk lamp with dimming seat, enamel desk lamp with dimming seat, copper desk lamp with classical column trough-shaped single porcelain cover, trough-shaped double porcelain cover desk lamp, classical candlestick desk lamp, classical kerosene lamp desk lamp, mother-child glass desk lamp with double lamp caps, etc. Used for reading and writing. Lampshades are mostly opaque or translucent to concentrate light. The biggest advantage of desk lamp is that it can be used as home decoration, so the beauty of lampshade should also be a standard for you to choose.

Lampshade is a classic choice, which has the charm of never failing. The simple and elegant texture of fabric lampshades usually wins, which can be changed by pleating, piping and carving.

Lampshades made of some translucent materials, such as paper and glass, also give the lamps a dreamy effect and make the scene romantic. Now some lampshades are made of aluminum, deliberately creating a modern sense of cool colors.

It was also an interesting experience. When choosing, the fabric lampshade can be selected in the cold and warm color system due to seasonal changes, or you can buy the pattern lines of the lampshade according to your favorite visual effects.

For glass or paper lampshades, we can consider changing the indoor tone through their colors. When the light passes through the cover, it is immediately rendered into the same color as red, blue or yellow, which makes the space have a quiet, clear and mysterious expression. Once someone paints translucent materials such as paper and glass on the lampshade, the lamp seems to be enchanted, creating a dreamlike atmosphere.

4. Knowledge about lamps and lanterns

What is an incandescent lamp?

Incandescent lamp is the original light source. After some improvements, this lamp still uses the basic technology of 100 years ago.

Tungsten wire is placed in a glass bulb and current passes through it. The resistance of the filament causes it to heat up and emit incandescent light or light. Nowadays, incandescent lamps all use coil filament to improve efficiency and reduce heat loss. However, the early bulbs used vacuum technology to prevent the filament from burning due to the combination with oxygen, but now they use a variety of inert gases to achieve the same goal.

Characteristics of incandescent lamp

Incandescent lamp is the most commonly used electric light source in the home. Incandescent lamps with low color temperature and high color rendering index emit warm light. In addition, incandescent lamps are cheap and can be controlled by cheap dimmers of various sizes, specifications and wattage. Unfortunately, incandescent lamps have low luminous efficiency. Because light is generated to heat solid materials until they emit light, most of the energy consumed by incandescent lamps is in the form of heat energy, which leads to low luminous flux per watt.

5. Common sense of saving electricity

First, the plug and socket of household appliances should be in good contact to save electricity, otherwise it will increase power consumption and may damage electrical appliances.

Second, the scale accumulated in the electric heating tube of the electric kettle should be removed in time to improve the thermal efficiency, prolong the service life and save electricity.

Three, the use of electric heaters in the room should be sealed as much as possible to prevent heat loss. Turn off the power supply in time after the room temperature meets the requirements.

Fourth, it is best to buy an electric iron with a power of 500W or 700W for ironing clothes. This kind of electric iron heats up quickly, so long as it reaches the use temperature.

Automatic power off not only saves electricity, but also ensures the quality of ironing clothes.

5. If the fabrics of the ironed clothes are not exactly the same, iron them with low-temperature resistant chemical fiber clothes first, and then iron them with high-temperature resistance after the temperature rises.

Cotton and linen fabric. After the power failure, you can use the waste heat to iron some chemical fiber clothes.

6. The power consumption of the electric fan is directly proportional to the rotating speed of the fan blades. On the premise of meeting the use requirements, try to use the middle and slow gears. Such as 400 mm.

Fan, the fast gear consumes 60W, and the slow gear only consumes 40W.

Seven, for air conditioning, it is advisable to set the room temperature at 27 to 28℃. In addition, when turning on the air conditioner, close the doors and windows; Cleaning the dust screen regularly can save money

30% of electricity; Do not start frequently. After stopping, it must be started again after 2 to 3 minutes.

Extended data:

(1) Save electric energy, that is, save the primary energy needed for power generation, thus saving the energy of the whole country and reducing the tension of energy and traffic;

(2) Saving electric energy, that is, saving the state's capital investment in power generation, power supply and electrical equipment accordingly;

(3) In order to save electricity, we must rely on the progress of science and technology. With the continuous adoption of new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment, saving electricity will certainly promote the development and improvement of industrial and agricultural production level;

(4) To save electricity, we must strengthen the scientific management of electricity consumption, which will improve the management work and improve the management level of enterprises;

(5) Saving electric energy can reduce unnecessary electric energy losses, reduce electricity expenses for enterprises, reduce costs and improve economic benefits, so that limited electric power can exert greater social and economic benefits, improve the utilization rate of electric energy and make better use of electric resources.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-power saving

6. Common sense of daily electricity use, what is the real power saving?

For many people, going to the toilet will form the habit of turning off the lights. They think it can save electricity. Is that really the case? For incandescent lamps, it is best to turn off the lights by hand, which can save electricity and prolong the life of the bulb. For energy-saving lamps, if you turn on and turn off the lights, the power of the energy-saving lamps for five minutes is at least 10 to 15 times of the usual power (because it takes at least five minutes for the energy-saving lamps to stabilize, the voltage is two or three times higher, and the current is not counted). If the lights are turned on and off too often, the electricity bill for one hour may be more than that for one night. Frequent switching of energy-saving lamps will also shorten the service life of energy-saving lamps. Generally speaking, the life of energy-saving lamps promoted by the state is generally 5000 hours. If you turn on the light for 8 hours every day, an energy-saving lamp can last for more than two years. Assuming that it is turned on and off six times a day, this energy-saving lamp may only last for more than three months. In addition, this maintenance fee is unknown for energy-saving lamps.

In daily life, saving electricity is very important. As far as possible, choose energy-saving lamps with high brightness and low power for lighting; The main way to save power in power amplifier is to reduce the volume, and the impedance of the external speaker should not be too small. Avoid the combined use of multiple speakers and reduce the load of the power amplifier as much as possible to save electricity and protect the machine; The brightest TV consumes 50% to 60% more power than the darkest TV. The louder the volume, the greater the power consumption. Adjust the brightness and volume appropriately. Pay attention to the fact that the food in the refrigerator should not be piled too full or too dense, otherwise it will hinder the circulation of cold air and cause the refrigerator to be uncooled. There shouldn't be too little food in the refrigerator. If there is too little food in the refrigerator, it will lose air conditioning and waste electricity. Refrigerators should minimize the number and time of opening doors, and defrost in time except frost-free refrigerators. Pay special attention to dust the condenser regularly, so as not to affect the refrigeration effect and waste electricity.

7. What are the basic knowledge of lighting design?

I have answered this question before.

Sun Shi lighting design wants to answer the question of what knowledge the landlord's lighting designer needs to master from another angle. This is the information in the recruitment requirements:

First, the responsibilities of lighting designers

1. Be responsible for the investigation and research work in the early stage of the project, fully communicate with the owner, and understand the project background and requirements of the owner.

2. Overall planning and conception of the project;

3. Complete the design scheme, and be responsible for reporting and progress tracking;

4. Cooperate with technology to complete the selection of lighting fixtures, the drawing of lighting layout and the drawing of node installation;

5. Complete the lighting design and construction: make technical disclosure on site, and grasp the implementation of the overall design effect.

The above content is purely excerpted, but I believe it is also a good answer to the landlord's question. Of course, the basic knowledge of lamps (color temperature, illuminance, luminous flux, beam angle, etc.) is needless to say.

If you are satisfied, please accept it.

8. Seek knowledge of intelligent lighting system.

What is intelligent lighting?

Intelligent lighting means that intelligent lighting control system communicates through wireless network to realize intelligent control of lighting equipment. After intelligent control, lighting equipment has expanded a variety of control methods, such as PC, remote controller, PDA, remote telephone and so on. At the same time, it has the functions of lighting brightness level, lighting soft start, timing control and scene setting. And achieves the characteristics of safety, energy saving, comfort and high efficiency.

In the traditional lighting power supply control, the main power supply is generally divided into multiple distribution output lines through the distribution box to supply power to the lighting circuit, and the power supply lines are directly turned on and off by the switch panel connected in series in the lighting circuit to control the lighting. The lights are only turned on and off, and there is no logic timing and dimming control, so it is impossible to form a scene and system control of various light brightness combinations.

In the intelligent lighting system, the main power supply outputs illumination after passing through the programmable control module, and the on/off, brightness and dimming of the lamp are controlled by the programmable multifunctional key panel, and the control module and the key panel are connected through the low-voltage control bus. There are microprocessor, memory and control bus interface circuit in the control module and key panel, which work completely at low voltage. All controllers and panels can control the brightness of each light path through programming, so different lighting scenes and system control effects can be produced. In addition, the communication function of wireless network enables people to control the intelligent lighting system through remote control, computer and PDA.

On the other hand, after the intelligent control system is preset, the lighting system can work in a fully automatic state. The system will automatically switch to each other according to several preset basic states and time sequences. For example, at the end of a working day, the system enters the working state at night, which can automatically and slowly dim the lights in all public areas of the office building. At the same time, the motion detection function of the system will automatically take effect, automatically turn off the lights in the unmanned area and adjust the lights in the occupied area to the most appropriate brightness. Moreover, the system can also change the illumination of each area through the light induction of the brightness sensor to meet the scene requirements of different occasions. For example, near the window, the system will make good use of natural light to dim the lights; When the weather changes, the system will automatically brightness level the lighting to the most suitable level.

2.4GHz T-bus intelligent lighting control system is a system technology which combines EIB bus technology, traditional intelligent control technology and 2.4G wireless network perfectly, and has the advantages of complete separation of strong and weak electricity, safety, no radiation and stable performance. Therefore, the 2.4GHz T-bus system can intelligently control the lighting equipment in buildings, hotels, enterprises, institutions and families. The newly developed T-bus distribution box can expand the controllable power of the equipment, soft start the equipment, have wider control range and stronger safety, and is very suitable for all large-scale intelligent lighting projects.

9. Knowledge about lamps and lanterns

According to their location, they can be divided into the following categories.

A, ceiling lamps and lanterns

1, chandelier

(1) pole chandelier is a combination of lighting and line lighting, and the suspenders are different in length. The long suspender highlights the point-line-plane contrast between the rod and the lamp, giving people a sense of straightness. The short pole highlights the shape and texture of the lamp itself;

(2) Chain chandelier, using chain instead of straight rod as spreader, highlights the brilliance of the whole room;

(3) Telescopic chandeliers, which can be adjusted at will, are mainly used in restaurants or other special parts.

2. chandelier

(1) protruding ceiling lamp, the seat plate is directly installed on the ceiling;

(2) Embedded ceiling lamp, which embeds the lamp into the ceiling;

(3) projection ceiling lamp;

(4) Hidden dome light, which only sees the light, but can't see the dome light of lamps and lanterns, usually the lamp trough.

Second, wall lamp

There are two kinds of wall lamps: wall lamps and chandeliers.

Third, the desk lamp.

Table lamp is a household appliance used for lighting in people's lives.

Generally, there are two kinds, one is vertical and the other is clip-type.

Fourth, special lamps.

Lamps used for special parts or special purposes, such as wardrobe lights, are as important as furniture accessories in home decoration, and even lamps play the role of finishing touch. In the conversation with designers, I not only talked about the choice of materials, the style and furniture I chose, but also reminded everyone to pay attention to lamps. However, how to choose the right lamps among colorful lamps and lanterns, and put forward the following four suggestions:

1, whether the lamp shape is in harmony with the overall decoration style;

2. Whether the specifications, dimensions and scales of lamps and lanterns match the whole space;

3. Whether the technology, material and texture of lamps help to increase the cultural and artistic temperament of the whole home;

[4]4. Don't blindly pursue luxury, consider cheap and good quality.

10. Environmental protection tips related to lamps and lanterns

4, home lighting power saving tips

(1) Try to choose efficient lighting lamps.

On the premise of ensuring effective lighting and brightness, choose electric light sources and lamps reasonably. Self-ballasted fluorescent lamps can be used instead of incandescent lamps, and small-diameter double-ended fluorescent lamps can also be used instead of large-diameter double-ended fluorescent lamps. For example, a 5 watt self-ballasted fluorescent lamp is equivalent to a 20 watt incandescent lamp, and a 16 watt self-ballasted fluorescent lamp can be equivalent to a 60 watt incandescent lamp.

(2) The installation height of lamps and lanterns should be appropriate.

For example, if a 20-watt fluorescent lamp is installed one meter high, the illumination is 60 lumens; 0.8 meters high is 93.75 lumens; If the height is reduced properly, the wattage of the lamp can be reduced.

(3) Make full use of reflection and reflection.

If the lamp is equipped with a suitable reflector, the illumination can be improved, and the illumination can be improved by about 20% by using the reflection of indoor walls.

(4) Install dimming and power saving device

If incandescent lamps are used for bedside lamps and ceiling lamps in the living room, dimming and power-saving devices should be installed.

(5) Avoid using ever-burning lamps.

Acousto-optic delay switch should be used for lighting stairs and corridors, or turn off the lights in time after people leave.

(6) When watching TV programs, only turn on the required electric lights.

It can not only save electricity, but also protect eyesight.

(7) Electronic ballast and energy-saving inductive ballast shall be used for double-ended lighting.

The power consumption of electronic ballast is only 4 watts, while that of traditional inductive ballast is 9 watts.