There is no launch pad on the moon. How does the Apollo spacecraft launch back to Earth? Was it taken in the studio?

Whether it is Cape Canaveral or Baikonur, or Kulu Space Center and Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in South America, these names are household names. Every time there is a major launch in the sky, watching becomes a must-have program. The towering launch tower directly consumes countless mobile phone space when launching. Of course, film is not needed now, and the cost is much lower!

But I believe that there must be a question in the hearts of people who eat melons. NASA didn't build a huge rocket tower on the moon. Why can Apollo take off from the moon? Can't this prove that NASA's landing on the moon is a scam?

Why do rockets need launch towers to take off?

The space launch tower is the core building of the launch site. It is hundreds of meters high and weighs thousands of tons. It is usually closed. When the countdown to launch begins, it will gradually open. Finally, the rocket in the fully opened launch tower will slowly ignite and fly away from the launch pad! But this must be your general impression of China's space launch. In fact, technically and customarily, there are several different rocket assembly and launch modes:

Russia: Assemble horizontally, then move horizontally to the launching station and launch vertically.

United States: vertical assembly, vertical movement to launch station, vertical launch

China: In the early days, it was the integration of assembly, maintenance and launch, and now it is close to the United States, vertical assembly-mobile-vertical station launch!

Among the three, Russian launch is the most distinctive, and horizontal assembly has lower requirements for assembling buildings. However, the erection process before launch requires a strong hydraulic erection tower, which is a test for the ability of construction machinery. Therefore, the Russian rocket launch tower can be very simple and magnificent when it is launched. It's like a lotus, the tail of proton rocket spurts supersonic flame to push the rocket to take off!

The United States is cleaner, because the assembly building is not far from the launch tower, and it can be launched when it is assembled and moved horizontally. Everyone should be very moved by the launch of the space shuttle. A huge hydraulic mobile launch vehicle with horizontal handling can't be made in any country!

The mobile launch vehicle carries the fixed launch pad of the space shuttle.

China originally wanted to learn from Russia in the early days, but the technology was not enough, so he made a three-in-one system, that is, the service tower and the launch tower were combined into one, and the transportation process was also omitted, and it was reopened when launching. You should have seen manned space flight many times in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center! The cost of this mode is relatively low, because it saves two links, but the launch pad takes a long time and is very inefficient!

Jiuquan 92 1 Comprehensive Service Tower, pay attention to tower cranes and huge mobile platforms.

Therefore, at the Wenchang Launch Center in Hainan, reference has been made to the American launch mode. The functions of the service tower and the launch tower are separated, so the cost of the service tower does not need to increase with the increase of the launch pad, and the utilization rate of the launch pad is also improved. Of course, there is also a problem that the risk can be controlled, because the launch tower has a single function and low cost, and the loss can be minimized in case of explosion.

The launch site damaged after the explosion of the second ahw hypersonic weapon test of the US military.

Kulu Space Center also has a distinctive Soyuz-2 rocket launching station, which provides both Russian-style launch towers and American-style movable vertical assembly buildings. It can be understood from the name of this station that this must be a compromise in some sense, but it is not necessary!

There is no launch pad on the moon. Why can the Apollo spacecraft come back?

In addition to the above-mentioned centralized assembly and launch mode, some rockets have been fueled and everything is ready, and the requirements for the surrounding areas are relatively low when launching. For example, the launch tower suggested by SPACE is simple and unnecessary, such as the launch tube when a missile is launched (just a rocket with high explosives or nuclear warheads), which is also a variant of the launch tower. Some people even design rockets with their own stable support, such as rockets recovered from space.

So what mode did Apollo's return rocket take off? It uses a landing platform for landing on the moon, and the return rocket takes off directly from this platform, which is used as a launching platform. Because this supporting tripod has a hydraulic balance device, this platform can ensure the smooth takeoff of the Apollo spacecraft!

The structure of Apollo spacecraft

The above picture shows the structure of Apollo spacecraft. On the left is the descending stage, through which the spacecraft landed on the moon. The ascending module on the left needs to return to orbit around the moon through the ascending rocket to dock with the command module.

The integral structure of the eagle of the moon landing spacecraft

It is divided into upper and lower parts. You can clearly see the four supporting feet at the bottom of the descending stage and a large area of anti-sinking support. At the same time, there is hydraulic adjustment to keep the height level. Therefore, this dead descent stage is the best launch platform! You can also see the strong stability of this platform from the launched video!

The platform was not washed down by the airflow after upgrading and taking off on the lunar module, which shows that its support stability is very reliable, and it can also show the success of this structural design, including Chang 'e V, which is about to launch and perform the sampling return mission. It is also a classic structure! This structure of discarding self-weight seems very wise, but in fact there are serious problems. Because of the discarded design, two sets of engines must be designed, which will increase the self-weight and cause serious waste, so the future spacecraft will definitely move towards integrated design.

For example, this spacecraft structure, which leaves no degradation level on the moon, may be able to return a single-stage rocket to Earth in orbit in the near future, and may be completely reused. Then the model of the space plane may be strongly challenged, but we can't deny that it is more attractive to use air as oxidant and take off horizontally!

Although the structure of Apollo moon landing spacecraft needs to be improved, it can ensure the astronauts to return from the moon. As for whether NASA has made a film, there are many opinions and evidences. Of course, the opposition is also very sharp. Please leave a message!