In summer, when the ambient temperature is higher than the body surface temperature, the human body mainly evaporates heat through sweat.

When blood flows through the kidney, only a small amount of urine is produced to minimize the loss of water in the body.

This is the 2007 science test in Zhoushan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.

In 2007, Zhoushan City, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, took the senior high school entrance examination.

The perfect score is 180, and the exam is also 120 minutes.

test paper

First, multiple-choice questions (4 points for each question, * * 24 points, and only one option for each question meets the meaning of the question)

1. There are many aquatic terrestrial plants and wild animals living in Hangzhou Xixi National Wendi Park, where rivers meet and birds are singing and flowers are fragrant. Formed a unique wetland landscape. Wetland park belongs to

A. Population B. Ecosystem C. Community D. Biosphere

2. The classification of two creatures that do not belong to any block diagram on the right is based on

A. the presence or absence of A.DNA

B. presence or absence of vertebrae

C.does it contain seeds?

D. Is it a producer?

3. A classmate's experimental record has the following data, which is unreasonable.

A. the pH value of the measuring solution is 0 b. Take 9.3 ml of copper sulfate solution in a beaker.

C. Weigh 3.2g of red phosphorus with a tray balance. D. The mass fraction of solute in the solution is 6.45%.

When you use the copier to copy materials, you can often smell a special smell, that is, the smell of ozone (O3). Under discharge conditions, oxygen can be converted into ozone. The following statements related to this are true.

The process of oxygen changing into ozone is a physical change.

B. oxygen and ozone are isotopes.

The ozone molecule consists of an oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom.

Oxygen and ozone are two different simple materials.

5. The following understanding of the definition of density is correct.

A. density is directly proportional to the mass of an object.

B. density is inversely proportional to the volume of an object.

C. density is proportional to the volume of an object.

D density is a characteristic of the substance itself, which has nothing to do with the mass and volume of the object.

6. In the following optical path diagram of convex lens or concave lens, the error is

Second, multiple-choice questions (3 points for each question, * * 48 points, and only one option for each question meets the meaning of the question)

7. The sulfuric acid solution is too acidic. Now it is necessary to adjust the pH value of sulfuric acid solution within a certain range, but not higher than 7. The best way to ensure this goal is to

A. evaporating solvent B. adding barium nitrate C. adding sodium carbonate D. diluting with water

8. The following statement about biological metabolic process is correct.

A. Photosynthesis of plants can only be carried out during the day, and respiration can only be carried out at night.

B. After eating, the blood sugar content in human blood will increase, and the secretion of islet cord will decrease obviously.

C. the human body does not need to consume energy during sleep.

If too much fertilizer is applied at one time, plants will lose water and wither.

9. A plant named "rooting on the ground" can produce "adventitious buds" and "adventitious roots" at the leaf edge. When the leaves leave the mother and fall on the wet ground, they can develop into new individuals who live independently. This reproduction mode belongs to ① asexual reproduction ② sexual reproduction ③ vegetative reproduction ④ grafting.

A.①③b。 ②③c。 ③④d。 ①④

10. Termites can eat wood, and the mosquito acid it secretes is an acid, which can also corrode many building materials. The following building materials are least susceptible to termite corrosion.

A. marble B. aluminum alloy C. steel bar D. copper products

1 1. The following phenomena are caused by the rotation of the earth.

A. Moon phase changes B. The sun, moon and stars rise and set in the west.

C. Four seasons change D. Day and night alternate

12. To make the flashlight work normally, the correct installation method of two dry batteries is as follows

A. Figures A, B, B, C, C and D are all incorrect.

13. As shown in the figure, during the experiment, a classmate applied a pulling force of 6 N horizontally on both sides of the spring dynamometer. Stay still. At this point, the indicator of the spring dynamometer is

A.0 cattle B.3 cattle C.6 cattle D. 12 cattle

14. Solar activity has the greatest influence on the following phenomena on the earth.

A. Tidal power generation B. Acid rain

C. Volcanic eruption D. Short-wave communication is disturbed

15. The following practices are correct.

A. Wash away the oil stains on the machine parts with dilute lye.

B, preparing a copper chloride solution in an iron drum

C at the same temperature, the solubility of different solutions can be compared by comparing their solute mass fractions.

D, removing the mixed sulfuric acid in the ferric sulfate solution, and adding iron powder.

16. Two iron bars A and B with the same shape. As shown in Figure A, if you hold B with your hand, A will not fall; As shown in Figure B, if you hold A and B with your hands, they will fall. This phenomenon shows that.

A, A and B are all magnets. B, B is a magnet, A is not.

C.a is broken iron, and b is not a D.A.B. nor a magnet.

17. In the process of exploring the experiment of "factors affecting evaporation speed", a classmate designed the following experiment: take two identical beakers, hold the same amount of alcohol and water respectively, and put them in the same environment to see who evaporates quickly. The purpose of this experiment is to verify the conjecture that the factors affecting the evaporation rate of liquid may be related to which of the following factors.

A. Liquid temperature B. Liquid surface area

C. Velocity of air flowing on liquid surface D. Type of liquid

18. As a promising green energy, hydrogen energy has been paid more and more attention and applied by people, but there is still a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the utilization of hydrogen energy, that is, hydrogen storage. Scientists have found that the method of converting hydrogen into metallic hydrogen under ultra-high pressure can solve the problem of hydrogen storage well. What do you think is the most indispensable property of metallic hydrogen?

A. it is conductive. B. the density is lower than that of ordinary metals.

C. it will burn under certain conditions. It can react with dilute sulfuric acid.

19. In class, the teacher put a small piece of metal sodium into a burning spoon and lit it, then put the burning spoon into a bottle towel filled with chlorine, and the metal sodium continued to burn in chlorine. According to this experimental phenomenon, we can draw a conclusion.

A. ions are also basic particles of matter. Oxygen is not necessary for combustion.

C. there are chloride ions in the reaction products. The reaction between metal and nonmetal inevitably produces salt.

20. An ordinary middle school student, standing on a level ground with his feet. His pressure on the level ground is the closest.

A.50 cattle 103 pa B.50 cattle l04 pa

C.500 N 104 Pa D.500 N 106 Pa

2 1. As shown in Figure A, the direction in which the charged straight conductor is forced in the magnetic field is the same as that in Figures A, B, C and D below.

22. There was an obvious warm winter in Hangzhou last year, and the average temperature in winter was significantly higher than normal. Scientists believe that this is the "greenhouse effect" caused by the increase of CO2 content in the atmosphere. Scientists have put forward many ways to prevent the greenhouse effect from intensifying. Some of them suggested pumping carbon dioxide into the deep seabed for storage through high-pressure pipelines to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but others raised objections. Which of the following objections do you think are wrong?

A. Collecting carbon dioxide and introducing it into the deep seabed consumes a lot of energy, which will also aggravate carbon dioxide emissions.

B for hundreds of thousands of years, the pH value of seawater has been kept at around 8.2, and a large amount of CO2 dissolved in seawater will increase the acidity of seawater and destroy the marine ecological environment.

C storing CO2 on the seabed will seriously affect the photosynthesis of terrestrial plants.

D when a submarine earthquake occurs, the carbon dioxide stored in the deep seabed will be released into the atmosphere again.

Three. Fill in the blanks (35 points for this big question * * *)

23.(6 points) Please answer the following questions related to human blood:

(1) People's ABO blood type can be inherited, and people with type A blood and type B blood have different blood type characteristics. Because of the genetic differences of blood types controlled by chromosomes in cells.

(2) Doctors must consider many factors when injecting serum into patients, including ABO blood group matching. Because there is no serum of type A blood, no matter what ABO blood type the patient is, injecting this serum will not agglutinate the patient's red blood cells.

(3) Some white blood cells in human blood can pass through capillary walls and deform into tissues, where they devour various pathogens invading the body. This immune function belongs to.

(4) Some students said that "the blood flowing in human arterial blood is arterial blood, and the blood flowing in venous blood is venous blood". The teacher pointed out that this statement was wrong. Please explain your reasons.

(5) The doctor measured Xiao Xu's blood pressure, and the result was 14.2/9. 1 kPa.

24.(5 points) The following table shows the percentage of heat generated by different organs of the body when people are quiet and active. Please answer.

Heat production (%)

When working or exercising quietly.

Brain 16l

Viscera 56 8

Muscle 1890

Other 10l

(1) According to the data analysis in the table, the main heat-producing organs of normal people in sleep state are.

(2) The body temperature can be kept stable mainly because of the dynamic balance of the two physiological processes of heat production and heat dissipation controlled by the human brain stem.

(3) When the human body is in strenuous exercise, the heat production will increase obviously, and the muscle tissue will be in a state of temporary hypoxia. At this time, muscle cells will progress and produce lactic acid, which will lead to muscle pain after exercise.

(4) In summer, when the ambient temperature is higher than the body surface temperature, the human body mainly evaporates heat through sweat, but it also causes a lot of water loss in the body. At this time, how can the human body reduce the loss of water in the body through self-regulation to maintain the balance of water in the body? .

(5) In a hot, humid and windless environment. Human body is prone to heatstroke. The reason is.

25.(4 points) According to the test, indoor air pollution is very serious, especially in densely populated rooms and newly renovated rooms. In order to reduce the harm of indoor pollution, researchers suggest that air filters can be placed indoors. The main substance in the filter element is activated carbon, which can adsorb a variety of harmful gases. The adsorption effect of activated carbon on different gases is different. The following table shows the adsorption rate of activated carbon for different gases of a certain specification. Please answer the following questions according to the data in the table:

Gas pressure1.0/kloc-0 /×105pa1.5x0105pa.

Temperature 10℃ 20℃

H2S 72.3% 85.6% 78.8% 9 1.4%

Formaldehyde 70.8% 82.5% 75.9% 88.4%

Sulfur dioxide 80.6% 9 1.3% 85.7% 95.6%

(1) Under the same conditions, which gas has better adsorption effect by activated carbon?

(2) If we want to compare the adsorption effects of NO2 and SO2 by activated carbon with the same specifications and quality through experiments, the experiments should be carried out under the same control conditions.

(3) The chemical properties of H2S gas and HCl gas are similar, which can be absorbed not only by activated carbon, but also by lime slurry, and the chemical equation of the reaction between H2S and lime slurry is written.

26.(4 points) The environmental protection team of a school takes sulfuric acid and sodium salt as raw materials, and drops barium chloride solution into colorless wastewater discharged from a chemical plant, resulting in white precipitate. You think the reason of white precipitation may be the existence of or (write chemical formula, regardless of the mixture in wastewater). If you want to prove the existence of this substance (choose one), the experimental operation to be done is to take a small amount of waste water containing white precipitate in a test tube and drop it into it.

27.(6 points) As shown in the figure. On a thunderstorm day, a tourist near the West Lake in Hangzhou went to a big tree to take shelter from the rain, but unfortunately he was hit by lightning and was seriously injured. Since then, students A and B have expressed their views on this incident. A classmate said: this person must have done a lot of bad things and was struck by lightning. But classmate B thinks that lightning is a natural phenomenon.

(1) Which student's point of view do you think is correct? ;

(2) In order to avoid similar accidents, people installed;

(3) If you encounter thunderstorm weather outdoors, the correct way to avoid being struck by lightning is.

28.(6 points) As shown in the figure, the distance between cyclists and runners changes with time. Answer the following questions according to the chart:

(1) Do cyclists and runners leave at the same time? (Fill in "Yes" or "No")

(2) It takes a few seconds for a runner to advance 200 meters.

(3) The speed of the cyclist is m/s; The runner's speed is 100 meter per second.

29.(4 points) The fifth day of the fifth lunar month in China is the Dragon Boat Festival. Legend has it that the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet in China history. Look at the orbit map of the moon on the right and draw the approximate position of the moon on the Dragon Boat Festival orbit with a circle. And point out which of the following lunar phases is closest to this day? . (Shaded lines indicate dark parts)

Four, experiment, short answer questions (this big question ***38 points)

30.(5 points) Four students, A, B, C and D, used different microscope lens combinations (as shown in the following table) to observe the assembly of human oral epithelial cells. Please answer the following questions:

Eyepiece objective

A 15× 40×

b 10×40×

l0× 10×

D 15× 10×

(1) The cells observed by my classmates are the largest in the field of vision. Because the oral epithelial cells he observed were located at the lower left of the field of vision, he tried to move them to the center of the field of vision. What do you think should be done? .

(2) The picture above is a schematic diagram of oral epithelial cell structure drawn by classmate A. Please judge whether the schematic diagram of cells is correct. ▲, the reason for judgment is.

(3) The cell has a three-dimensional structure, but the plan view of the cell is observed under the microscope. Students A and B observe two tissues and cells of the same animal under the microscope (the cell morphology and structure are the same). Results The histiocyte in the fragment seen by student A is round, while the histiocyte in the fragment seen by student B is rectangular. Please guess the three-dimensional shape of this animal tissue cell is the most likely.

3 1.(8 points) A student uses the device shown in the figure below to determine the mass fraction of copper oxide containing impurities (impurities do not participate in the reaction).

Take a sample of 10g and get the following two sets of data:

Before the reaction, after the reaction is complete

The total mass of glass tubes and copper oxide samples in group A is * * * 42.5g, and the total mass of glass tubes and copper oxide samples is * * * 40.9g

In group B, the mass of U-tube and its substance * *180.0g, and the mass of U-tube and its substance * * *182.3g..

Please answer the following questions:

(1) In order to ensure the safety of the experiment, the experimental steps before the alcohol lamp is lit are as follows.

(2) The experimental data should not be selected to calculate the mass fraction of copper oxide in the sample, because.

(3) If the calculation results of the two sets of data are the same, the D device should be connected to the position shown in the above figure (indicated by the device number). Please draw the connection mode with the catheter on the D device and mark the name of the liquid in D. 。

32.( 10) The main component of eggshells is calcium carbonate. The teacher did an interesting experiment in class. Put the eggs in a beaker containing 120 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid (the density of eggs is greater than that of dilute hydrochloric acid). You can see that the egg sinks first, then floats, sinks again when it reaches the liquid level, and so on. The chemical reaction equation of this experiment is. The change of buoyancy is the direct reason for the egg to float again after sinking. The main reasons for the change of buoyancy are. In addition to the main reasons, there are other reasons for the change of buoyancy (assuming that the volume and temperature of eggs and solutions remain unchanged during the reaction).

Xiaoxing is very interested in this experiment. He also put the same egg into the common acidic solution in the laboratory, but it didn't float after sinking. Guess the reason may be or.

33.(7 points) It is deduced from ohm's law and the characteristics of series circuit that the total resistance of two conductors in series is equal to the sum of the resistances of each conductor. And please design an experimental scheme to verify it.

34.(8 points) Zhou Xiao wants to compare the air-drying effect of quicklime and concentrated sulfuric acid with the same quality under the same conditions. He designed a simple experiment without using other chemicals. Please write down the experimental steps designed by Zhou Xiao and answer the following questions:

(1) Write the experimental steps:. Compare the quality changes of two substances.

(2) If the experimental operation steps designed by Zhou Xiao are correct, there are still errors in the results. What do you think is the main reason for the experimental error?

(3) Among the following gases: oxygen, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and carbon monoxide, some cannot be dried with quicklime.

Five, analysis and calculation problems (this big problem ***35 points)

35.(6 points) Xiao Xu weighs 500 Newton, and he wants to roughly measure his pull-ups on the horizontal bar. He measured it with a ruler, and the length of his arm was 0.6m when he clenched his fist, and it took 10 second to pull it up five times in a row (as shown in the picture). Please calculate:

(1) During this period, how much work did Xiao Xu do to overcome gravity?

(2) What is Xiao Xu's pull-up strength?

36.(6 points) The fuse plays a protective role in the circuit and can automatically cut off the circuit when the current is too large. The following table shows the data of a fuse.

Length l cross-sectional area s resistance r density ρ specific heat capacity c melting point t

5cm 2mm 2 0.2ω 1 1× 103kg/m3 1.3× 102j/(kg·℃)327℃

Please calculate:

(1) When the current in the circuit reaches 20 A, how much heat energy does the fuse generate in 0.5 seconds? How many degrees will the fuse temperature rise? (excluding resistance change and heat dissipation).

(2) The melting point of copper is 1083℃. Can copper wire replace fuse for protection? Please provide a justification for the answer.

37.(8 points) Xiaojie found a metal block, and he wanted to know its gravity and density. He only has a spring scale with a small range. When he used this spring scale to measure the gravity of this metal block, he found that it had exceeded the maximum range of the spring scale, so he designed a device as shown in the figure to measure it. In the figure, OA: OB = 1: 3, the metal block is hung at point A with a string, and a vertical upward force is applied at point B with a spring balance. When the OB rod is horizontally stationary, the reading of the spring scale is1.8n. When water is added to the container and the metal block is submerged in the water, the reading of the spring scale is 1.2N, and the g is 65438.

(1) What is the gravity of the metal block?

(2) What is the buoyancy of the metal block after immersion in water?

(3) What is the density of the metal block?

38.(5 points) In the eyes of scientists, carbon dioxide is an important resource that can be utilized. As long as there are suitable conditions, carbon dioxide can be converted into the desired products like photosynthesis. China scientist Chen's research results show that. At 440℃ and 800 atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide reacts with sodium metal to produce diamond and sodium carbonate. The diameter of the synthesized diamond can reach 65438±0.2mm, which can fully meet the industrial use.

(1) The chemical equation for the reaction of carbon dioxide with metallic sodium to produce diamond and sodium carbonate is:, and the chemical reaction equation is.

(2) How many grams of diamonds can 66 grams of carbon dioxide be made theoretically? (formula calculation, relative atomic mass: C 12, O 16, Na 23)

39.( 10) There are many hypotheses about the origin of the universe, among which the Big Bang cosmology is currently recognized. One of the main facts observed is that scientists have recently discovered the planet numbered "Gillis 58 1c" and speculated that there are conditions for life on it. It revolves around the red dwarf star numbered "Gillis 58 1". Its average distance from the red dwarf is about 0 0. 107 billion kilometers, and its distance from the red dwarf numbered "Gillis 58 1". The time to reach the planet "Gillis 58 1c" is about seconds (rounding effect). In the process of exploring extraterrestrial life, scientists pay special attention to whether there is water on other celestial bodies, because the importance of water to living things is as follows. If solid water was found on the moon in the "Chang 'e Exploration to the Moon" project in China, water would be found on the moon without green plants in the early stage of developing the moon.

In 2007, Zhoushan City, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, took the science entrance examination.

1.B 2。 A 3。 B 4。 D 5。 D 6。 C 7。 D 8。 D 9。 An l0. D 1 1。 C l2。 B l3。 C l4。 D l5。 An l 6 B 17。 D 18。 D 19。 B 20。 C 2 1。 C 22。 C

23.( 1) Gene (2)AB lectin (3) Nonspecific immunity (4) According to oxygen content, arterial blood and venous blood are distinguished. Arterial blood has a high oxygen content and a bright red color, while venous blood has a low oxygen content and a dim color. For example, venous blood with low oxygen content and dim color flows in pulmonary artery. (5) The systolic blood pressure was l4.2 kPa and the diastolic blood pressure was 9.65438±0 kPa.

24.( 1) Viscera (2) Thermoregulation Center (3) Anaerobic Breathing (4) When blood flows through the kidney, only a small amount of urine is produced, which minimizes the loss of water in the body. (5) Sweat is difficult to evaporate and cannot dissipate heat in time, leading to high body temperature and the phenomenon of "heatstroke".

25.( 1) SO2 (2) Temperature and pressure (3)H2S+Ca(OH)2==CaS+2H2O

26.H2SO4, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 (or Na2SO3, Na3PO4, etc. H2SO4 is dripped into litmus indicator (or it is in accordance with the experimental operation of the substance to be proved, and only the substance is written without giving points).

27.( 1) Student B (2) Lightning rod (3) Don't take shelter from the rain under the big tree or swim in the lake.

28.( 1) is (2) 25 (3) 13.38.

29. as shown in figure d

30.( 1) A will install the film while observing.

Slowly move to the left and down (2) Incorrect oral epithelial cells have no cell walls, vacuoles and other structures as shown in Figure (3) cylinder.

3 1.( 1) First introduce hydrogen into the glass tube (or open the piston of the separatory funnel and add acid into the conical flask).

(2)B Anhydrous copper sulfate also absorbs water vapor contained in hydrogen (3) as shown in the diagram between Figure A and Figure B..

32.CaCO3+2HCl = = CaCl2+H2O+CO2 = Small bubbles generated by the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in eggshells attach to the eggs, which increases the volume of liquid displaced by the eggs, the buoyancy of the calcium chloride solution generated by the reaction and the density of the solution. The buoyancy of eggs increases, and the concentration (density) of acidic solution is too small to generate enough gas to float eggs. The acidic solution is sulfuric acid, which stops as soon as it reacts with eggshells.

33. There are two conductors whose resistance values are R 1 and R2 respectively.

U=IR①，u 1 = I 1r 1②U2 = i2r 2③.

According to the characteristics of series circuit, u = u 1+u24i = i 1 = i3⑤.

Substituting ① ② ③ into ④, we can get IR = i 1r 1+i2r26. According to formula ⑤, it can be proved that: R=R 1+R2.

Experimental scheme design: connect R 1 and R2 in series, then pass in current I, measure current intensity as I with ammeter, measure voltage across R 1 and R2 with voltmeter as U, voltage across resistor R 1 as U 1, and voltage across resistor R2 as U2. The values of r, R 1 and R2 can be obtained by using the deformation formula R=U/I of ohm's law, and then a conclusion can be drawn by comparing the values of r, R 1 and R2.

34.( 1) Weigh the same quality of quicklime and concentrated sulfuric acid in the same beaker and put them in the same air; After the same time, weigh the mass of quicklime and concentrated sulfuric acid again. (2) Quicklime also absorbs carbon dioxide in the air. (3) Sulfur dioxide.

35. (1) w = fs = 5GH =1500 coke is made when overcoming gravity.

(2) P = 150W

36.( 1) Q = I2RT = 40 Jiao△ T = = 279.7℃

(2) Under the same conditions, the heat generated by copper wire is less than that generated by burning wire, and the ignition point of copper wire is much higher than that of burning wire, so copper wire is not easy to burn, which does not play an insurance role.

37.( 1) According to the lever equilibrium condition, we can get g = 5.4 n (2). Let the pulling force at point A be g' when the metal block completely sinks into the water, and g'= 3.6n according to the lever balance condition, then the buoyancy of the metal block after sinking into the water is f float = 1.8 n (3) V row = 650.

38.( 1) 3CO2+4Na Na2CO3+C displacement reaction

(2) Assuming that the quality of the diamond that 66 grams of carbon dioxide can make is theoretically X, then

3CO2+4Na Na2CO3+C

132 12

66 grams x

The solution is x = 6g.

39. The distance between galaxies is constantly expanding; All the galaxies are leaving us; The farther away the galaxy is from us, the faster it moves (just answer one of the three points)

Water is a necessary condition for the existence of life (or water is an important part of life). It is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen for biological respiration and energy supply.