Do cool tones and dark tones have the same meaning or different meanings? Especially in art and photography!

I don't think they can be confused. Cold and warm, light and shadow are seen from two different places. I feel that the warmth and coldness of a work should be relative to color, which requires more than two colors, but the light and shade can also be black and white with too many colors in the middle. Personally, I prefer bright colors. I like very bright things, just like my paintings. Most of them will be accompanied by a little cool and bright colors, but it also depends.