Sunshine 16 rules, exposure tips, some friends would be kind enough to share, thank you! !

The Sunshine 16 Rule

The Sunshine 16 Rule (also known as the Sunshine 16 Rule) is a rule in photography that estimates the aperture size and shutter length of the camera without the use of an electric light meter.

The basic rule of thumb for Sunshine 16 is this: Outdoors in sunlight, if the aperture is f/16, the shutter speed should be the reciprocal of the International Speed ??Index of the film being used. For example, in outdoor sunlight, if the aperture is f/16 and the film sensitivity is EI100, the shutter speed should be 1/100 second.

The "16" in the formula does not mean that the aperture must be f/16. If you choose f/11, the shutter speed will be doubled to 1/200 second, and so on.

Secondly, adjustments should be made according to the weather conditions. If it is not sunny but cloudy, use EI100 film. If the shutter speed is still 1/100 second, the aperture should be doubled from 1/16 to 1/11; and so on.

Functions

Exposure tips

Sunny sixteen, cloudy days eight

Cloudy eleven, sunset four

Clouds Five point six at the top

On a rainy day, the snow falls and the sun sets

Two seconds on the indoor court

Living room stage shutter eight

1. The 16 rules of sunshine . That is, when photographing a subject in bright and even sunlight, the shutter speed is set to the reciprocal of the sensitivity and the aperture is F16. Based on this, we can estimate that the aperture should be F22 on the beach, F11 on a sunny day with clouds, etc.

2. Moonlight 11, 8, and 5.6 rules. There are many different exposure combinations for photographing the moon. But the most popular ones are the 11, 8 and 5.6 combinations. When the shutter speed is the reciprocal of the sensitivity, use F11 aperture for the full moon, F8 and F5.6 for the half moon and March/April respectively.

3. Camera Shake Rule. A safe shutter speed is the reciprocal of the focal length. For example, when using a 50mm lens, if you are shooting handheld, the speed should be at least 1/60 (of course, the anti-shake head does not count). If it's slower than this, use a flash, a tripod, or find other support for your camera.

4. 18% gray metering. Metering with an 18% neutral gray plate will give you the best results. If there is no gray board, you can open your palm facing the sun, measure the light meter on your palm, and then increase the exposure by one stop to shoot. (The difference in results between different skin tones is barely even one stop.)

5. Depth of field rule. The maximum depth of field can be obtained by positioning the focus point in the first third of the entire depth of field. Because the depth of field behind the focus is twice that in front of the focus.

6. Digital printing size rules. The optimal enlargement size of a digital photo should not exceed the sum of the number of pixels in length and width divided by 200. If you need festival-quality photos, divide by 250.

7. Exposure rules. The classic advice is: Make sure the highlight areas are exposed accurately and let the low-light areas go as they please. This advice applies to both reversal and digital cameras. For negative films, especially color negative films, it is best to increase the exposure by one stop.

8. Fast flash output rule. When using a flash without automatic output control, set the sensitivity of the flash to twice that of the film, meter the subject, select a full aperture on the body, and set the same aperture on the flash. With this setting, the shadow areas of the photo will be one notch lighter than the subject.

9. Flash distance law. Distance is multiplied by 2 and sensitivity is multiplied by 4. For example, your flash has an effective range of 20 feet at ISO 100. If you need a flash distance of 40 feet, you need to use ISO 400 film.

10. Pixel doubling rule. To double the resolution of a digital camera, the number of pixels must quadruple.

11. Motion capture rule: This is an empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the axis of the lens and you can capture it with a shutter speed of (1/125), then its movement perpendicular to the axis of the lens (movement from one side of the viewfinder frame to the other) can be captured with a shutter speed of (1/125) If the object moves 45 degrees along the axis of the lens, you only need to increase the shutter speed by one stop (1/250) to capture it. (This article has been translated, thanks.)

12. Sunset photometry rule. When photographing the sunset, meter the upper part of the sunset, but do not capture the sun in the viewfinder. If you want the sunset in your photo to appear an hour later than it actually is, subtract 1 from the exposure compensation.

The "Sunshine 16 Rule" does not refer to the rules for aperture usage in landscape photography. It is just a rule that is easy to remember and achieves basically accurate exposure requirements for photography. Then use the reciprocity law to combine shutter and aperture to meet the photographer's creative requirements.

Among the many excellent photographic works, there are very few works that use the aperture of F22 (no one says it cannot be used), and very few use the aperture of F16. In addition, in landscape photography, most people (not all) do not use a small camera like the 135, but at least a medium format camera like the 120.

For medium format cameras, the standard lenses are 80~110 mm, so some features are different from those of small cameras.

For the same aperture of F11, the absolute aperture is very different. The phenomenon of light diffraction is only for the absolute aperture.

Whether the manual function of a digital camera is useful depends on whether it can produce different effects from the automatic function. If they are similar, it is obviously useless. If the difference is very different, Big, that's very useful. Whether you use its manual function and whether it is useful are completely different concepts.

It is mentioned above that the best aperture is F8. In fact, the best aperture of many lenses is around 5.6. At the same time, for different photography, the aperture used is also different. Landscape photography generally uses an aperture of F11 or smaller, so there is the "Sunshine 16 Rule" in photography, that is, in sunny places, use an aperture of F16 and a shutter speed of F16. Speed ??is the derivative of the ISO value.

The improvement of photography technology is the accumulation of experience. Drawing on the knowledge and skills of our predecessors can quickly improve our photo shooting skills. In the film era, the accumulated experience of countless photographers has resulted in twelve simple and most practical photography techniques. These simplified photography techniques will help you deal with many difficult-to-control shooting situations.

1. The Sixteen Sunshine Rules

For landscape photography, relying too much on the camera’s metering results often fails to achieve the best shooting results. For example, when there is a large area of ??dark scenery in the scene, the camera's metering system will increase the exposure, and the resulting photo will be overexposed, and the sky will become pale without any details.

If you adopt the "Sunshine Sixteen Rules" at this time, this situation will not happen. The intensity of sunlight is relatively fixed. Outdoors with sufficient sunlight, set the camera's aperture to F16 and the shutter speed to 1/125 seconds (under the premise of ISO 100) to take photos with strong colors and normal exposure. Landscape photos. According to this rule, when encountering a highly reflective environment, such as when photographing on the beach, you should use F/22 aperture, and when the light is weakened, such as cloudy conditions, you should use F/11 aperture.

2. Moonlight 11, 5.6 Rules

The moon is the closest celestial body to us. It changes regularly. The beautiful legends from ancient times to the present have always fascinated people. We have daydreams about celestial bodies, and when you face the sky at night, the moon is the first to enter our field of vision. In ancient times, poets drank and wrote poems about the moon. Nowadays, when people enjoy modern civilization, they all like to take pictures of the moon in their picture albums.

According to measurements by professionals, the brightness value of the full moon is EV15. When the camera ISO is set to 100, a shutter speed of 1/125 second and an aperture of F11 can be used to obtain normal visual effects. At half-moon, the exposure needs to be increased by 4 times. The exposure combination can be set to ISO100, shutter speed 1/60 second, and aperture F5.6. When photographing moon buds, an exposure of nearly 1 second is required. Upon closer analysis, it is not the decrease in brightness caused by changes in their size, but the change in the angle of sunlight that the moon receives when it waxes and wanes. When photographing the moon, avoid overexposure. Overexposure will turn it into a white circle without the feeling of the moon, so it is called the moon because it has a three-dimensional effect.

3. Camera shake rule

When you hold the camera to shoot, the shutter speed cannot be less than the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. The slower the shutter speed, the more likely it is that the sharpness will be reduced when the shot is shaken. If you use a 50mm focal length, the shutter speed should be at least 1/50 second. Only when the environment is really dark, use a flash, a tripod or place the camera on a hard object to prevent shake.

However, many of today’s digital cameras have anti-shake functions. For Canon and Nikon, represented by lens anti-shake technology, their advantages are mainly reflected in their telephoto photography capabilities, with focal lengths above 135mm. The lens body anti-shake is used, the effect is very obvious, and it can completely replace the 3-speed safety shutter (for example, after turning on anti-shake at 200mm, the shutter speed can reach 1/30 second for handheld shooting).

The anti-shake advantage of models with in-body anti-shake function is mainly reflected in the mid-focus range of 50-100mm. Taking the just-released Olympus E3 as an example, it can achieve It replaces the 4-stop safety shutter, which means that at the focal length of 100mm, the photos taken with a shutter speed of 1/8 second are not bad.

4. Gray board rule

The gray board is a powerful tool for photography. But what should you do if you don’t have a grayscale board? You can open the back of your hand (the palm of your hand is too white, and the color of the back of your hand is close to your face) to face the sun, meter the back of your hand, and then increase the exposure by one stop.

5. Depth of field law

When the subject is relatively deep, the focus point should be selected at the first 1/3 of the depth of field, because in this way, the depth of field behind the focus point is 2 times. This rule can be used with various aperture and focal length combinations. Remember, the smaller the aperture, the shorter the focal length, and the further away from the subject, the greater the depth of field.

6. Fast flash output rules

For ordinary users, dedicated hot shoe TTL flashes are expensive, and many people use hot shoe flashes with universal interfaces that cost only more than 100 yuan. Wait for replacement.

Taking the domestic Yinyan flash as an example, the price of BY28A is around 160 yuan, but it is indeed an automatic flash with automatic measurement of flash by the lamp body.

When we need to take backlit portrait photos outdoors, in order to ensure the details of the sky and the even light ratio of the darker face under backlight conditions, we need to use a flash to fill in the face.

Taking BY28A as an example, we set the sensitivity of the flash to twice the ISO of the camera (for example, camera ISO100, flash ISO400). The camera uses aperture priority exposure, and the aperture selected by the camera must be consistent with the aperture set on the flash. Expose according to the brightness of the sky. The brightness of the face in the shadow area illuminated by the flash is usually one notch lower than the brightness of the sky. The overall light ratio of the photo is very suitable.

7. Capture dynamic law

This law is based on the empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the axis of the lens and you can capture it with a shutter speed of 1/125, then its motion following the axis of the lens can be captured with 1/500 second. In other words, if the object moves 45 degrees along the lens axis, only a shutter speed of 1/250 is required.

8. Sunset Rules

When photographing the sunset, meter the upper part of the sunset, but do not let the sun appear in your viewfinder. If you want the sunset to appear an hour later than it actually is, you can reduce exposure compensation by one stop.