Founding ceremony information

1949 65438+ 10 1 2 pm, the Central People's Government Committee chaired by Mao Zedong held its first plenary meeting in Beijing. The chairman, vice-chairmen and members of the Central People's Government all attended the meeting and announced their inauguration.

The meeting unanimously decided to announce the establishment of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC); Accept the "One Program" of China People's Political Consultative Conference as the government's policy agenda. Elect Lin as the Secretary General of the Central People's Government Committee; Zhou Enlai was appointed Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Central People's Government, Mao Zedong was appointed Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government, Zhu De was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the China People's Liberation Army, Shen Junru was appointed Dean of the Central People's Government in the Supreme People's Court, Luo Ronghuan was appointed Procurator-General of the Central People's Government in the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and they were instructed to quickly form government organs to carry out various tasks.

At 3 pm, 300,000 soldiers and civilians in Beijing held a rally in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Central People's Government. Lin announced the start of the ceremony, and the chairman, vice-chairman and members took their seats at the door.

President Mao Zedong announced: "The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) was established today." In the sound of the national anthem, Mao Zedong personally pressed the button, raised the first five-star red flag, and the 54-gun salute rang 28 times. Mao Zedong also read the government announcement, announcing the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) to the whole world.

Then, a grand military parade was held. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De reviewed the armed forces of the army, navy and air force, and read out the order of the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army in China, ordering the People's Liberation Army to "quickly eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang's opposition troops, liberate all the land that has not yet been liberated, and at the same time eliminate bandits and all other counter-revolutionary gangsters and suppress all their resistance and sabotage."

In the evening, Beijing citizens held a red light parade, which lasted until 9 o'clock.

Responder: The old demon is really smart-vice president 1 1 grade 9-25 10:58.

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1949:

10. 1 The first meeting of the Central People's Government Committee was held in Beijing. The meeting accepted the "* * * One Program" of the new CPPCC as the policy of the Central People's Government; Elect Lin as Secretary-General; Zhou Enlai was appointed as Premier and Foreign Minister of the State Council of the Central People's Government, Mao Zedong as Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government (hereinafter referred to as "the Central Military Commission"), Zhu De as Commander-in-Chief of the China People's Liberation Army, Shen Junru as Dean of the Supreme People's Court and Luo Ronghuan as Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate. At 3 pm, 300,000 Beijingers held a grand ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the establishment of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC). President Mao Zedong solemnly announced the establishment of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) and personally raised the first five-star red flag. Chairman Mao read the Proclamation of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC): "The Central People's Governments of People's Republic of China (PRC) and People's Republic of China (PRC) are the only legitimate governments representing the people of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the whole country. The government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty. " Then a military parade and a mass parade were held. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De reviewed the armed forces of the army, navy and air force, and announced the order of the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army in China, ordering the People's Liberation Army in China to quickly eliminate all the remaining Kuomintang armed forces and liberate all the land that has not yet been liberated. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Radio broadcasted the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) and founding ceremony in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of China People's Broadcasting, which is broadcast by the National People's Broadcasting Station.

10.2 ~ 3 the inaugural meeting of the China world peace conference (hereinafter referred to as the "peace conference") was held in Beijing. The Congress adopted the Declaration of the China Congress for Defending World Peace, and Guo Moruo was elected as the national president.

10.3 China established diplomatic relations with the Soviet union.

The first session of the first National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beijing. The meeting elected Mao Zedong as the chairman of the first National Committee. The meeting adopted the proposal of "taking 10 June 1 day as the anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC)" and sent it to the Central People's Government for adoption and implementation.

10.2 1 Central People's Government Council was established.

11.11China people's liberation army air force was formally established.

1 1. 15 Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai called the United Nations General Assembly to deny the legal status of Chiang Kai-shek's group attending the General Assembly and demanded that the delegation of Chiang Kai-shek's group be cancelled immediately. Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai called UN Secretary-General Ley and UN General Assembly President romulo respectively, pointing out that the so-called "China National Government Delegation" had no right to represent China at all, and demanded that the UN immediately cancel all the rights of the "Delegation" to participate in the UN.

President Mao Zedong visited the Soviet Union. (50 years 1 year1October 2 1 day, Premier Zhou Enlai arrived in Moscow. ) 14, the two governments concluded a Sino-Soviet treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual assistance in Moscow.

12.27 Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, was liberated. At this point, the liberation of the southwest campaign ended successfully. The liberation war on the mainland is basically over.

1949 after the founding of new China, the policy of confiscating bureaucratic capital was implemented, and it was transformed into a socialist state-owned enterprise, which enabled the people and the country led by the proletariat to grasp the economic lifeline of the country, made the state-owned economy the leading component of the whole national economy, and laid a material foundation for the socialist revolution and socialist construction. ◆

Why did the celebration site choose Tiananmen Square?

anonymous

At 2: 58 pm, Mao Zedong and other leaders appeared at the gate of Tiananmen Square. Ding Yilan, the live announcer, immediately cheered: "Chairman Mao is here! Chairman Mao set foot on Tiananmen Gate. " Suddenly, Tiananmen Square became a sea of jubilation. ...

catalogue

1. weigh and choose the celebration venue again and again.

2. Remove more than 200,000 tons of garbage from the Three Dynasties.

3. Cosmetic surgery for the new China facade.

4. Tiananmen Gate Super Calligraphy Exhibition

5. Chinese and Japanese artists make red palace lanterns together.

Zhou Enlai proposed to build China's "first monument" in Tiananmen Square.

1. weigh and choose the celebration venue again and again.

On the day of the founding of New China, a grand ceremony will be held and a military parade will be held. This idea was decided as early as the end of July. 1949.

But where should founding ceremony be located? However, this issue has been puzzling the founding leaders for a long time.

Holding the founding ceremony to solemnly announce the birth of China to the people of China and the whole world must be a complete success. Therefore, the importance of choosing a suitable venue is highlighted.

In July, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Preparatory Committee for founding ceremony, with Peng Zhen, Nie, Lin and Li as deputy directors.

Founding ceremony's plan was quickly taken out by the Preparatory Committee. There are three main contents in the plan: First, the inauguration ceremony of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) will be held; The second is to hold a military parade of the China People's Liberation Army; The third is to hold a mass parade.

The Preparatory Committee believes that these three elements are of vital importance to the founding ceremony in the new China. Among the three, how to hold a military parade, especially where to hold it, determines how to conduct the whole founding ceremony.

How and where to hold a military parade has become the central issue in preparing for founding ceremony.

Shortly after the establishment of the founding ceremony Preparatory Committee, the military parade command organization was established. This command organization has strong leadership ability. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, the founding father, personally commanded Parade Leader. Parade Leader is served by Nie; Deputy Commanders are Yang Chengwu, Tang (Chief of Staff of North China Military Region), (Head of Operations Department of North China Military Region Command), (Deputy Secretary of Beijing Municipal Committee), Xiao Ming (Chairman of Beijing Federation of Trade Unions) and Xiao Song (Secretary of Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League).

After Yang Chengwu and Tang took up special leadership positions, under the leadership of the Central Military Commission, they first presided over the drafting of the Military Parade Scheme.

After this plan was formulated, Zhu De, Ren and other central leaders met with the person in charge of the military parade planning in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai, and specially listened to the relevant reports.

Parade Leader Nie Rong Zhen reported on the basic idea of the military parade. The deputy commander of the military parade reported the main contents of the military parade plan: selection, formation, military parade procedures, military parade music, and pre-reading training; The plan envisages that the military parade can be divided into review type and decision type.

After listening to the report, the leaders made speeches and gave instructions.

The military parade plan was successfully passed, but the location of the founding military parade was not decided immediately.

Mao Zedong attaches great importance to this military parade. He said: "We have always advocated a cautious first battle. This military parade is also the first battle, the first time since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Be sure to do it well! "

Around determining the location of the military parade, members of the military parade command post conducted repeated research.

1949 One day in August. Several generals from the North China Military Region came to Zhou Enlai's office and handed over two sets of military parade plans they had repeatedly demonstrated to Zhou Enlai.

Option 1: the location is Tiananmen Square in the city center; The second plan: the military parade will be held at Xiyuan Airport in the suburbs. These two plans have drawn the road map of the position and progress of the troops respectively. For Zhou Enlai, who is used to reading battle maps, this map is both simple and complicated.

After carefully reading the map, Zhou Enlai frowned, habitually put one arm on his chest and began to walk around the office.

He didn't make a decision at once.

Both schemes have advantages, but they also have disadvantages.

The location of Tiananmen Square parade has obvious advantages: it is located in the center of Beiping, where leaders, troops and the masses complement each other, and founding ceremony can be staged vigorously. In particular, Tiananmen Gate is a ready-made military parade platform, and all CPPCC representatives can go to Tiananmen Gate for inspection without much effort.

In addition, the streets around Tiananmen Square extend in all directions and are easy to concentrate and evacuate.

However, the Tiananmen Square military parade also has some shortcomings: mainly, there are many people attending founding ceremony, and the city traffic will be interrupted for at least four hours that day; At that time, Chang 'an Avenue was not wide enough, not widened, and far from being as rich as it was later. It can only pass through the 12 infantry column. Three rows of cavalry and two rows of armored vehicles.

Compared with Tiananmen Square, Xiyuan Airport has the advantage of wide runway, so there is no need to worry about traffic jams. Moreover, the military parade at Xiyuan Airport has achieved successful experience. 1On March 25th, 949, the North China Military Region held a military parade watched by more than ten thousand people to welcome the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao to Beijing.

The first drawback of holding a military parade at Xiyuan Airport is that there is no reviewing stand, so it is ok to temporarily set up some small scenes, but it is impossible to hold a founding ceremony with hundreds of thousands of people. If we wanted to build a grand reviewing stand like Tiananmen Gate, it was very difficult to do it at that time. Secondly, Xiyuan Airport is far from the urban area, and hundreds of thousands of people have to attend the ceremony, so it is inconvenient to go back and forth. Without the participation of a considerable number of people, the proper atmosphere in founding ceremony will not appear, and the military parade will not achieve the purpose of enhancing our military strength, which will affect founding ceremony's influence at home and abroad. Thirdly, although the airport runway is large, there is only one way to advance and retreat, which brings great inconvenience to the troops participating in the military parade.

Of the two schemes, the discussant obviously prefers the first scheme, but has not put forward any conclusive opinions.

The day of holding founding ceremony is getting closer and closer.

The troops preparing to participate in the military parade have started discrete training.

Founding ceremony is only a month away!

Zhou Enlai's ideological focus falls on Tiananmen Square.

This magnificent ancient que building, which stands tall in the center of Beiping city, was originally named Chengtianmen, which means to persuade the apocalypse to be auspicious and to be ordered by heaven. It was built in the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 17). Destroyed by the war, it was rebuilt in the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (165 1), and it was called Tiananmen Square. It is the main entrance of the old imperial city, with five doors and nine towers. Judging from the overall layout of the square, Tiananmen Gate looks like it was born. Looking from Tiananmen Square, the Tiananmen Gate Tower is resplendent and magnificent. In fact, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all the buildings in the square were built to set off the main building, which is why the Tiananmen Gate Tower looks extraordinary. Tiananmen Square was also one of the places where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties engaged in important activities, the most important of which was "golden phoenix issued letters". Every winter solstice, summer solstice, the emperor's wedding, sending troops to visit relatives, and other grand ceremonies, they all go in and out of Tiananmen Square.

Tiananmen Square, the tallest building in the capital in the feudal era, will soon lose all traces of its feudal imperial power, because the China People's founding ceremony will give it a brand-new meaning and give it a brand-new time and space.

It was confirmed in the early hours of the morning. After repeated weighing, Zhou Enlai finally wrote an opinion: Comrade Liu Shaoqi, Commander-in-Chief of Chairman Mao, instructed that this date is after the establishment of the government. The location of the military parade is in front of Tiananmen Square. We'll decide the time then Nie (Rong Zhen) served as Parade Leader, and Comrade Zhu De was invited to serve as Parade Leader.

Zhouer

The idea reached Liu Shaoqi, who drew a small circle like a pine nut on his name.

Mao Zedong and Zhu De did not circle this opinion. After listening to Zhou Enlai's oral introduction and analysis, they agreed to hold the founding ceremony in Tiananmen Square.

Since 1 June 65438+1October1day, Tiananmen Square has become a symbol of the people of China. ◆

Excerpt from Six Hours in founding ceremony-Grand Ceremony of The Secret Behind, edited by Yu Jiang. ※.

Why isn't Zhu De in founding ceremony's photo?

anonymous

19491kloc-0/,at the gate of Tiananmen Square, Mao Zedong announced the establishment of China people and country with a strong Hunan accent. In an instant, people cheered and saluted. However, at this solemn and sacred moment, Zhu De quietly came out from behind Mao Zedong.

Why did Zhu De leave his job? It turned out that the space on the rostrum was very small. He saw that the Xinhua News Agency reporter in charge of photography had to lean against the white marble railing and lean back in order to take a complete picture. It's too dangerous to do so! Zhu De said, quickly a sprang up in the past, firmly embrace the photographer's legs.

With the help of Zhu De, the reporter finally finished the filming successfully. And Zhu De himself, it is permanently out of the lens of founding ceremony. ◆[2004-0 1-2 1]