Shao Piaoping's career.

Shao Piaoping received the traditional education of China's "Confucius said poetry cloud" since childhood, and showed outstanding talent since childhood. 13 years old, admitted as a scholar. Later, he went to the Teachers College of Zhejiang University, which is today's Zhejiang University, and received the education of western science, politics and culture, and was enlightened by new ideas. Due to the turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty, Shao Piaoping was keen on current affairs and read all kinds of newspapers hungrily. Among them, Liang Qichao's articles deeply attracted Shao Piaoping and his classmates. Shao Piaoping, who accepted eight-part essay writing since childhood, admired Liang Qichao's unrestrained style and courage to comment on current affairs, and deliberately imitated Liang Qichao's style to write. At that time, newspapers often discussed ways to save the country. Hot-blooded intellectuals express their opinions and advocate "saving the country through science", "saving the country through industry" or "saving the country through education", hoping to save China with modern civilization by learning advanced western science and technology. Under the influence of this thought, Shao Piaoping sprouted the idea of "saving the country by news", and decided to devote himself to journalism, rely on newspaper public opinion, interfere in the political situation and change the tragic fate of the motherland. Therefore, "saving the country by news" has also become the ideal he pursued all his life.

Shao Piaoping worked as a journalist, news lecturer, newspaper office and news agency all his life, and made outstanding achievements in every post. From 19 12, Shao Piaoping went to work for Hanmin Daily. 1926 was executed and worked as a journalist.

Shortly after Shao Piaoping first arrived in Hanmin Daily, he began to vigorously publicize Sun Yat-sen's ideas, expose the gaffes of corrupt officials, attack the tyranny of feudal warlords, and forged a deep hatred with powerful people in Hang Cheng. In order to stifle public opinion, they tried many times to harm Shao Piaoping, but Shao Piaoping said, "Newspapers can be sealed, but journalists can't seal pens." . The fearless spirit of "the main pen can be killed, but the power of public opinion cannot be killed" bravely said it and wrote "Alas! Internal affairs. Oh! Internal rot! " Such remarks and a lot of news and comments. 19 13, Song was assassinated by an assassin at Shanghai Railway Station. Shao Piaoping foreseeably pointed out: "There are perpetrators, there are main emissaries, and among the main emissaries there are main emissaries", aiming at Yuan Shikai. The authorities immediately seized Hanmin Daily on charges of "disturbing public order" and arrested Shao Piaoping. Recalling this experience, Shao Piaoping himself said, "In the past three years, Japanese and Zhejiang corrupt officials were opposed, arrested three times and imprisoned in September".

Shao Piaoping had to take refuge in Japan after he got out of prison. While studying law and politics at Hosei University, he also organized the Tokyo News Agency to contribute to domestic newspapers. 19 15, Shao Piaoping returned to Shanghai under the situation of anti-yuan upsurge, and at the same time wrote articles for three newspapers, including Shenbao. Let's recall what we talked about last class. Huang Yuansheng was assassinated in 19 15, so many journalists were afraid to talk about the current politics at that time, but Shao Piaoping kept his edge. He used "A Ping" as his pen name. In Shanghai dialect, "A Ping" has the meaning of doubt, and "A Ping" also has the meaning of "injustice?" The meaning of. Shao Piaoping used this angry query to ridicule and expose Yuan Shikai's crimes, leaving Yuan Shikai helpless. After Yuan Shikai's death, Shao Piaoping was hired as the Beijing correspondent of Shenbao. During his tenure in Shenbao, he generated two or three thousand words every day and wrote Beijing Special News the next day. Because most of these reports exposed the darkness and scandals of the Beiyang government, they swept the country for a time. As we said above, he was a special correspondent of Shenbao, the most influential newspaper at that time. His name "Shao Piaoping" became famous as a pen name in the national media at that time. During Shao Piaoping's two years in Beijing, I saw that almost all the newspapers in Beijing were manipulated by various political groups, and few of them had no political relations behind them. Newspapers do not respect the facts, but are backed by the self-interest and subsidies of one party and one faction. It is not uncommon for newspapers to accuse Qin Muchu and catch shadows. This situation made Shao Piaoping deeply feel the importance of having an independent newspaper of his own, not attached to any power group, speaking and reporting independently, and telling the truth to the people, so he decided to start a newspaper at his own expense. 19181kloc-0/0 On October 5th, Shao Piaoping resigned from Shenbao and founded Beijing Daily. When Beijing Daily was first published, Shao Piaoping wrote four Chinese characters "Shoulder-to-shoulder" and hung them on the front wall of the editing room to encourage and motivate his colleagues. "Iron shoulders and iron hands" comes from Jiao Shan's famous sentence "Iron shoulders bear morality and write articles skillfully" in Ming Dynasty. Shao Piaoping changed the word "skillful" to "difficult", which reflected Shao Piaoping's stubborn character and the purpose of running a newspaper. Beijing Daily was founded by Shao Piaoping himself. It is independent of parties and is not manipulated by warlords. It advocates freedom of speech, becomes a medium for people to express their opinions, and is quickly loved by readers. Beijing Daily is news-oriented, with "seeking truth and not deceiving readers" as its first creed, and everything should be practical and true. Shao Piaoping is not only the president, but also the manager. At the same time, he continued his career as a journalist and insisted on interviewing.

19 19, Shao Piaoping went into exile again because of launching and propagating the May 4th Movement. A year later, when the Duan government collapsed, Shao Piaoping returned to Beijing and re-founded Beijing Daily. The reissued Beijing Daily remains unchanged. In particular, he spared no effort to expose the Beiyang government's humiliation of power and country, and the corruption of large and small officials. At the end of 1925, Shao Piaoping used a special issue of Beijing Daily to narrate Zhang's evil deeds, and Zhang immediately took out 300,000 yuan to bribe Shao Piaoping, hoping that Beijing Daily could speak for him. Unexpectedly, Shao Piaoping immediately paid back the money and exposed the "doorman" as always. According to Shao Piaoping's wife, Ms. Tang Xiuhui, after receiving the money, he once said to his family, "Zhang offered 300,000 yuan to buy me. I don't want this kind of money and I don't want to shoot me! " This combination of hard and soft courage made Zhang angry. He vowed to capture Shao Piaoping alive when he entered Beijing. 1926 On April 8, 2008/KLOC-0, Zhang Miling, who was hunting for Shao Piaoping, was offered a reward for coming to Beijing. Shao Piaoping, persuaded by his family, had to hide in the Six Kingdoms Hotel in Dongjiaominxiang. On April 22nd, he published his last article "Piaoping Notice" in Beijing Daily. This article is short and clear (422 words), which is also his last confession to the world.

Up to now, I have no party membership (I dare not decide later), neither the Kuomintang nor the * * * production party. Teachers and friends from all sides know that there is nothing to declare. Today, whenever there are grievances, they are often framed by the Red Cloth Party as the only chance for revenge. There are even people who fabricated the group name, mailed leaflets and attacked me. Where are these organs? Who is the host? How many members are there? I'm afraid they will lose their minds at the thought of themselves. But I am introspective and guilty, so I might as well give it to today's society. My sin, one should not oppose Duan and his followers' shameless love stack; Second, it should not be argued that Duan and Jia should be prosecuted for their tragic killings of most people (most of the victims are innocent students, and Duan Ling has admitted himself); Third, don't want to abolish unequal treaties; Fourth, don't blindly admit that the discipline of the First National Army is good (I have never participated in the secrets of any faction, so those who support the National Army have only a little discipline, that is, even if they are shot, they will not deny it, so they will publish farewell articles after the troops retreat); Fifth, Zhang himself should not be accused of whoring and gambling, and he is not worthy to rectify the style of study (if I am the director of education, I am not worthy to rectify the style of study). It's not appropriate to falsely accuse the red cloth party now that the opportunity has come. The source of disobedience is also possible, but it is not investigated. Thanks to the friends from all walks of life who saw the notice on the leaflet, I hereby reply and borrow blog.

On April 24th, Shao Piaoping was betrayed and arrested by a man named "Zhang Hanju". He was secretly executed in the early morning of April 26th, 926 on/KLOC-0. On the execution ground, Shao Piaoping is very calm, very calm. It is said that the officers and men who supervised the scene at that time said, "You can send it at will." Then I smiled and died peacefully. Shao Piaoping is 40 years old, and the life of a famous journalist has come to an end.

Shao Piaoping's Beijing Daily has a far-reaching influence. I don't know if you have heard of The Beijing News, which is one of the most influential newspapers in China today. We don't sell it here, but if you have a chance to go to Beijing, you must buy it or look at its electronic version online. This newspaper has its own characteristics and culture. It has its own opinions and independent judgments. In a sense, this newspaper is the inheritance of Shao Piaoping's Beijing Daily. In the preface of this newspaper, I wrote: "Caring for the interests of the country and the people, calling for rationality, balancing power, approaching the truth, pursuing beauty, defending justice and lashing ugliness-these are the universal values and ultimate values of the media. The Beijing News in history is like this, and the Beijing News should be like this. " At the same time that Beijing Daily was founded in Beijing, in 19 18, Shao Piaoping and Peking University President Cai Yuanpei and Professor Xu jointly founded the "Peking University Journalism Research Association", which opened the prelude to journalism education and research in China. As a tutor of the School of Journalism, he has trained a number of outstanding students, including Mao Zedong and Deng Zhongxia. 1936 In the summer, in the cave of security guards in northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong told the famous American journalist edgar snow about his growth history by flickering candlelight, saying, "Shao Piaoping, in particular, helped me a lot. He is a lecturer of the Journalism Society, a liberal, and a person with warm ideals and excellent qualities. " As a member of the Journalism Society, Mao Zedong went to Shao Piaoping's home to listen to the teacher several times after class. Mao Zedong once said, "I want to teach and become a reporter." (Biography and Appreciation of Famous Journalists in China) Shao Piaoping also left two pioneering works of journalism for future generations: Practical Journalism and Introduction to Journalism. Among them, "Practical Journalism" mainly combs the contents of his journalism teaching handouts, takes his own interview experience as the main content, and integrates some knowledge after his investigation in Europe, America and Japan, which is a theoretical summary of news practice such as news interview, writing and journalist cultivation. Based on practical application, this book tries to guide journalists to conduct actual interviews. Introduction to Journalism discusses the nature, tasks, basic concepts, views on the legal system of journalism, and briefly introduces the development history of journalism in China. If you can find these books, I hope you can read them carefully, because they were written by a famous reporter with his life experience. It should be said that these books are still very instructive so far.

This is Shao Piaoping's life. He has always been a reporter, and he is not afraid of violence. The meaning of "ruthless, spicy and ruthless" contained in "ruthless" has become a portrayal of Shao Piaoping. The fate of Shao Piaoping also became the fate of almost all journalists who could report the news truthfully like him in that era. For example, we talked about Huang Yuansheng last class, such as Lin Baishui who met Shao Piaoping by chance, and so on. They are all models of journalists in Chinese history. We know that when you interview others, the first question you may encounter may be rejection. The interviewee is often unwilling to accept your interview because he has no time or is wary of you, or because what you want to know conflicts with his interests. What should I do at this time? Shao Piaoping has his own method. This method is called "acting". What does this mean? We can also see from the literal meaning that the so-called "acting" is actually a performance, just like playing a role in a drama. Use this role to impress people and make the interview go smoothly. Shao Piaoping said in the "Telephone" section of his "Practical Journalism":

In case of a bureaucrat who refuses to answer the phone, extreme measure can be used if necessary. This part of extreme measures has very justified reasons. Extreme measures, that is, people in private houses talk to him, or some organ talks to him ... as soon as he picks up the receiver, he says' I'm XXX' and says' I'm afraid someone is not convenient to listen to the reporter, so I have to go out' ...

19 17 In March, before China and Germany officially announced their decision to sever diplomatic relations, Shao Piaoping was the first person in the press to learn the news. Shao Piaoping's interview on this matter was conducted in a fake way. The day before the incident, Shao Piaoping worked in the office of a secretary in the State Council, next door to the office of Premier Duan. I overheard the secretary calling to inform the American envoy that Premier Duan would visit the American Embassy at three o'clock in the afternoon. The phone call immediately touched a nerve in Shao Piaoping. He immediately thought that the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Germany. In order to isolate Germany and replace Germany's position in China, the United States wooed China and hoped that the two countries would take concerted action. Duan's meeting with the American envoy at this time is undoubtedly related to Sino-German relations. Shao Puping didn't rush to find Duan and his secretary at this time, but first came to the American Embassy and asked a counselor as an insider about the purpose and content of the meeting between the politicians of the two countries. Shao Piaoping has repeatedly said that he is not an outsider, and only wants to be confirmed by news from the embassy. In the false interview, Shao Piaoping also inquired about the relevant instructions of the US government to the Beijing Embassy. After that, he immediately rushed back to the State Council to interview Duan. He also told Duan that he was an insider and wanted to know the exact date of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Germany. Shao Piaoping's interview ended successfully, and politicians were unconsciously used by Shao Piaoping, providing important inside information.

On another occasion, the cabinet discussed the case of Jin Folang. The so-called Fran is the translation of Fran at that time. The French part of boxer indemnity could have been compensated by paper money, but the inflation in France devalued the paper money. France asked China to use gold instead of paper money, so China paid 80 million more. In this incident, journalists are forbidden to attend, but Shao Piaoping won't give up and wait for you at the gate of the venue. When the French minister entered the meeting, Shao Piaoping followed closely. The doorman thought he was the minister's entourage and didn't stop him. The next day, the discussion about the case of Jin Folang was reported in newspapers, which aroused public indignation.

In these two interviews, Shao Piaoping disguised himself as an insider and an attendant respectively, and was able to gain trust and interview successfully. This method is what we just said "acting". This way now looks a bit like an unannounced visit. I believe this way is familiar to everyone, and we often see this way of interviewing on TV. A critical report often used to expose shady stories. For example, if a certain place sells cam-, journalists will disguise themselves as ordinary consumers and expose their underground behavior. This way makes the event itself closer to the truth. However, there are many doubts about the form of unannounced visits. Some people think that unannounced visits, as well as the subsequent sneak shots and pirated recordings, make people suspect that "chickens and dogs have ascended to heaven", news seems to have been stolen, journalists are more like spies, and interviews have become shady activities. In their view, this way makes the means of obtaining news not true enough, so it also damages the credibility of the press.

1997, The Chicago Sun received a report that some government inspectors were blackmailing small hotels. In order to find out the truth, the newspaper trained two reporters, dressed as a couple from a small town, and bought a small hotel in the local area, named "Fantasy". During the renovation, their water pipes and power distribution left obvious defects. Over the past six months, two journalists have dealt with a group of municipal and state government inspectors in disguise. Although the hotel violated the rules in fire control, sanitation and construction, the inspectors ignored it because they accepted bribes ranging from 65,438+00 to 65,438+000. And all this was recorded by cleverly hidden photographers.

After the mirage hotel closed, articles exposed by Chicago Sun Times were serialized around. Those exciting dramatic reports and photos not only shocked Chicago, but also frightened misbehaving government officials all over the United States. Dozens of power and construction inspectors were prosecuted for asking for bribes.

However, in Pulitzer's selection, this group of reports was first shortlisted and later disqualified. Eugene Patterson, then the chief executive editor of St. Petersburg Times, was a member of the Pulitzer Advisory Board of 1979 and 1982. He said that there was a debate among the judges at that time, and many people thought that awarding the prize to the interviewed works was tantamount to supporting this reporting method. Eugene said, "I don't want to see anyone encouraging it to become a fashion trend." He believes: "If a newspaper, as an editor, asks the government to be frank and open, but conceals the truth or motives, then the whole press will pay the price in terms of credibility." Bradley, editor-in-chief of Washington post, was also one of the judges. He thought: "If the means of obtaining news by newspapers is not honest enough, how can they fight for honesty and dignity!" "

Therefore, the use of this interview method needs to be restricted. Shao Piaoping put forward two principles that journalists should follow: first, they must have legitimate reasons-that is, they should be noble in moral behavior or purpose; Second, be sure to explain it to the parties afterwards. Otherwise, people will be accused of forgery, lying and pretending. Thus, Shao Piaoping is very cautious when using this method, from which we can also see Shao Piaoping's honest character. This is just a roundabout way, not a means of cheating.

In the process of talking with people, I wonder if you have such an experience. We need to find different topics for different people, and the same person needs different conversation content in different moods. If this person doesn't like basketball, then you are likely to have a cold talk with him about NBA. If someone is sad about something, we must avoid talking about it for the time being. This skill is to grasp the psychology of the interviewee.

When it comes to grasping and controlling the interviewee's psychology, it should be regarded as the biggest highlight of Shao Piaoping in the art of news gathering and writing. Shao Piaoping is very good at capturing the psychological characteristics of the interviewee, adapting to the psychological state of the interviewee, and achieving the purpose of making the interview go smoothly.

19 15 after the outbreak of the first world war, the China government was still indecisive at first. Some people advocate participating in the war, while others advocate neutrality. There is no agreement that the public is right and the old woman is right.

After a period of brewing, the State Council finally made a decision, that is, to join the allies (Britain, the United States, France) and declare war on the allies (Germany, Italy, Austria). However, this decision needs to be kept secret. Therefore, the important organs of the central authorities have put up signs of "stopping receiving visitors for three days", and the State Council is no exception.

But everyone wants to know the news. Streets, teahouses and restaurants are whispering, asking each other whether we want to go to war or be neutral. However, no one can tell what it is.

Shao Piaoping not only met Duan, but also got the news he wanted. How did he do it? Shao Piaoping first borrowed a car with the brand of Presidential Palace, got on the car and drove directly into the gate of the State Council. I got off at the inner reception office, took out the business card of "Director of Beijing Newspaper" and asked the messenger to report to him. The messenger said, "Don't trouble me. These days, not only did Premier Duan not receive guests, but even his secretary and attendants disappeared. "

At this time, Shao Piaoping took out 1000 yuan, counted out 500 yuan and handed it to the messenger. He said: "It doesn't matter if the Prime Minister sees you. As long as you give an answer, this 500 yuan will buy you a pack of tea. In case you meet me. Then I'll give you another 500. What do you think? " If you think about it for a long time, it's okay to touch him. I thought it was 500 yuan for nothing. So the messenger came in with his business card.

After a while, the messenger came out with a smile, raised his business card and said a word "please" loudly. Shao Piaoping was overjoyed to hear the word "please" and swaggered into the prime minister's small living room with the messenger.

Didn't you say you wouldn't see guests for three days? Why did Duan Jing meet this pervasive Shao reporter? There is a reason for this. Duan was originally thinking of wooing the media to brag for himself. He knew that Shao Piaoping was a great authority in the press at that time.

When he saw that the visitor's business card was Shao Piaoping, he knew that he was here to cover the news about participation in the war and neutrality, but what does it matter if he doesn't talk to him about this issue? Besides, he ran into a wall, offended big reporters, and did some harm to himself. That's why he called someone to invite reporter Shao in.

Although Duan never mentioned peace and war, he couldn't stand the repeated entreaties of reporter Shao and put forward the guarantee that "if Beijing leaks this secret within three days, it will be punished as leaking state secrets, and his family's life and property will be used as a guarantee". Old Duan had to say, let him make a guarantee first, so he immediately took out a fountain pen and set up a written evidence on the spot.

At this time, Duan told him the details. The content is just that the Republic of China decided to join the Allies and declare war on the Allies. Also stated the details. First, in France, we mobilized150,000 Chinese laborers to help the Allies build fortifications and so on.

Shao Piaoping got the news, said goodbye to Duan, gave 500 yuan money as a message, and drove to the telegraph office. He sent the news to Shanghai New Newspaper and Shanghai Shenbao by password. After receiving this important news, Shanghai newspaper immediately printed hundreds of thousands of "extra" copies, which made a lot of noise on the Shanghai beach.

At that time, Jinpu Road was not yet open to traffic, and it took four days for newspapers to travel from Shanghai to Beijing by boat. Therefore, when Shanghai's extra number arrived in Beijing, it had already exceeded the agreed time limit of "no news from Beijing within three days". When Lao Duan learned about this, he was very helpless.

Thus, Shao Piaoping's grasp of the interviewee's psychology is very accurate.

Careful consideration of the interviewee's psychology and accurate grasp of their psychological changes are the key factors for the success of the interview and should also be paid attention to in our daily communication. As we know, most journalists are active social activists, and they have a wide circle of friends and can deal with people from different classes. Extensive communication will lead to more news clues and interview more people and things. Shao Piaoping is such a balanced person. He can be comfortable among warlords of various factions and mingle with ordinary people. From the president to the prime minister, to the servants and people, they are willing to make friends with him.

19 18, Peking University established the journalism research society. During the period before the May 4th Movement, Shao Piaoping gave a lecture on journalism every Sunday morning. Comrade Mao Zedong, then an assistant librarian in Peking University Library, met Shao Piaoping there. Later, when talking with American journalist Si Nuo, Mao Zedong recalled fondly: "Shao Piaoping, in particular, helped me a lot. He is a lecturer at the School of Journalism ... a person with enthusiasm, ideals and good quality. "

Shao Piaoping and Lu Xun are also good friends. They are not only ordinary acquaintances, but also comrades-in-arms in the same trench. Together, they founded weekly magazines, such as Beijing Daily Supplement and Mangyuan, in which many famous essays and novels of Lu Xun were published. Especially after the 1926 "March 18th" tragedy, they all denounced the tyranny of the warlord government. Since then, the two men have been blacklisted by the warlord government.

General Feng Yuxiang became close friends with Shao Piaoping. Feng Yuxiang once described Shao Piaoping's writing like this. He said: Shao Piaoping "presided over Beijing Daily with a hair cone and fought warlords with hundreds of thousands of guns. He is so brave that he only knows the truth and right and wrong, and nothing else. His fearless spirit has not won the respect of the whole society! . Therefore, the reputation of "a pen floating in the air is worth a hundred thousand troops" comes from this.

Apart from making friends with some celebrities, Shao Piaoping never dislikes all kinds of lower-class people and poor people. , Ma, Xun Huisheng, Han Shichang, etc. The pear garden is full of his guests. At the beginning of each new semester, some young students are often in danger of dropping out of school because they can't afford to pay tuition fees. Park Ping always takes the initiative to pay for them when he knows. Some of them also get subsidies from him regularly. If he doesn't get it by then, he will publish a notice in Beijing Daily urging him to get it.

Shao Piaoping also attaches great importance to the friendship with the political dignitaries he often denounces. He is generous and shows off, and often entertains some bureaucrats and politicians. While eating, drinking and chatting, the secret is often inadvertently revealed when the wine is drunk and the ears are hot. On one occasion, Shao Piaoping hosted a banquet for all cabinet members and the Secretary-General of the Government House at the Beijing Hotel. Just as they were in high spirits and their eyes were wide open, Shao Piaoping arranged someone in the next room, prepared a telegram and newspaper, and asked two bicycles to wait outside the door. The news was written and sent out, and it had arrived in Shanghai before the banquet was terminated.

Shao Piaoping got the news he wanted by virtue of his extensive social relations and years of friendship with people from all walks of life. This mainly stems from Shao Piaoping's thought that news should be independent and classless. He said that in an interview, we should not only have the concept of friendship, but also have morality as the standard of communication, depending on whether the other party is related to the news. However, such a standard of making friends without right and wrong can easily make people go with the flow. Since primary school, our standard of making friends is "those who are close to Mexico are black", but Shao Piaoping is close to Zhu and Mexico and has made friends from all directions. Does this make us feel that this person is a smooth and unprincipled person? In fact, Shao Piaoping has its own set of principles. Although he keeps in touch with people from all walks of life, he believes that we should maintain ideological and moral independence and let everyone be regarded as amiable and inviolable. He knows how to keep a sense of proportion. It is said that Shao Piaoping is very luxurious, and the living room is surprisingly luxurious. The cigarette is specially made with his name "Zhenqing" printed on it. He is a car and a frequent visitor to casinos and brothels. Therefore, the income from running a newspaper can't cope with his expenses, so he also accepts "gifts" from powerful people, but he is not short of hands. He just regards these as personal friends and has nothing to do with the newspaper, so he still exposes all kinds of ugly phenomena in the newspaper.

As he wrote in his article before he died, he was neither a Kuomintang nor a * * * production party all his life. Even Mao Zedong said that he was a complete liberal and always maintained an independent personality, which is the noblest character that a reporter should stick to.