Brief introduction of literary writing course

Compared with ordinary people's perception, the writer's perception is an aesthetic perception. He can feel a kind of comfort in loneliness from the lice crawling on his body, and he can feel the goodness and beauty of human nature from the two tiger teeth protruding from others. Poets have different feelings from novelists. For example, novelists' perception of social life is generally concrete, meticulous and in-depth, and it is inevitable to perceive things from a utilitarian perspective in many cases. The poet's perception is relatively more inclined to aesthetics, and more inclined to express emotions and images. For example, when I get up early in the morning, I see raindrops scattered in front of the steps. The general view is that it rained last night. If the rain is not very special, the novelist may not make a detailed investigation. However, poets are different. His perception will point to the expression of emotion, cross the wings of imagination, transcend the existing knowledge and experience, and create a vivid, vivid and novel artistic conception, such as Li Qingzhao's dream: "Last night, the wind blew suddenly/I slept deeply/I asked the shutter man/I said that Haitang was still green, fat, red and thin."

Novel and unique feelings, sentiments and feelings are the "capital" of a poet's writing. Whoever can capture unique feelings from life is likely to write time. For example, Ai Qing wrote a poem "Echo": "You call her, she calls you/you scold her, she scolds you/don't quarrel with her/the last voice will always be hers." As a natural phenomenon, echo is very common, but Ai Qing gained a unique feeling with the sensitivity of the poet. From the echo, he seems to see some kind of overbearing and arrogant social model; This feeling is unique, and when written, it becomes a poem. Another example is a poem "Shadow" written by Chen Jiameng: "This is the shadow of a tree. /It is moving step by step. /Maybe it's a little thoughtless. /Maybe it doesn't want to. -The moon is from east to west. //At first, it slept in the mud./Later, it seemed to stand up./Slowly, it grabbed the trunk/fell under the tree. -/The moon has set in the west. //"The poet strolled along the seaside in Qingdao at night, and the shape and change of the shadow movement of a tree in the moonlight triggered the poet's sigh-it seemed as if it had stubbornly passed through its own life course like a human being, and sensitively found and captured poetry in the slightest change. This is the law of poetry creation.

To gain aesthetic feeling, the most fundamental thing is to improve the subject's ideological literacy, cultural knowledge literacy and artistic literacy in the long-term social life practice, immerse himself in real life for a long time, get a superficial impression, feel superficial, understand a little life truth in a short time and write a real poem.

Second, ideas and perspectives

Tao pays special attention to conception. Novel and unique ideas can increase the aesthetic feeling of poetry. Emerson said: "The mark and proof of a poet is that he says things that people have never said." Tolstoy said: "The more poetic, the more creative." Jiang Kui, a poet of the Song Dynasty in China, also said: "Poetry is not a work, but is written without careful consideration. Although there are many, they are also embarrassed. "

Tao's originality is manifested in many aspects, first of all, the problem of refining meaning and angle.

The answer to whether poetry needs refining is yes. In real life, we are moved, moved and gained some feelings for something, but it is only emotional and needs to be brewed, processed, refined and excavated. Why are you moved? Is this feeling universal? How to rise to universal emotion? This process is what the ancients called "refining the heart." Digging deep and doing fine laid a good foundation for this idea. Therefore, after capturing a certain feeling, we should pay special attention to upgrading the feeling to a typical thing, abandoning those trivial, mediocre and unhealthy things, and excavating those beautiful, healthy and typical things. For example, there is a poem called Pursuit, which says, "I wish there was only one piece of gold in the world/it happened to fall into my palm/I wish all the beautiful women could unite into a face/cling to my lips every day/I wish history only had a chair of power/approached me with a smile/had countless pursuits on her shoulders ..." Such a poem can never give people a sense of beauty. The language of the poem Homesickness written by Yu Guangzhong is very simple, but it has won the readers' love. The point is that his feelings are universal.

The novel environment includes social environment and natural environment. The former refers to the social system, political structure, economic form, cultural state, customs and etiquette in a certain historical period and the atmosphere of the times generated on this basis. The latter refers to the specific places where people activities, including the description of natural scenery, activity space and furnishings.

Social environment is composed of people's social activities and social relations. It is often expressed through the whole content of the novel, not through the description of a paragraph. Some people regard the social environment as an expression, which is actually inappropriate. When writing a novel, people and things should be described and portrayed in a specific social environment, and at the same time, the specific social environment content should be expressed through people and plots. A successful novel should be a picture of a specific society and era. Only by truly and profoundly grasping the social environment can people and things be successfully written.

There are both connections and differences between natural environment and social environment. A successful description of natural environment, including natural scenery, venues and furnishings, can naturally show a specific social environment if handled well. If it is not handled well, it may not necessarily reflect the content of social environment, and the description of social environment is obviously more than the description of natural environment. But from the actual point of view of the works, the two are often blended together.

There are many ways to describe the environment in short stories, which can be static or dynamic. It can be described directly or indirectly. You can also express the environment through some details of sight, feelings, clothes, movements, dialogues and characters. A good environmental description should show the style of a specific era, show specific regional characteristics, and be integrated with characters and plots. For example, the environmental description in On Restaurants not only implied the social background at that time; The external image of the scene (light, color and shadow) has a certain corresponding relationship with the internal movement of the plot; At the same time, the inherent meaning of the scenery has reached a certain tacit understanding with the tone of the characters' fate, which has played a good role in setting off the characterization.

Fifth, master certain narrative skills.

Learning to write short stories requires mastering some basic narrative skills. In addition to the above, let's briefly introduce "detail description" and "narrative perspective".

(a) description of details

Anyone who writes a novel emphasizes the importance of detail description. What is a detailed description? It is generally believed that detail description is the description of subtle details of things. Actually this definition is not very accurate.

First of all, "detail description" is not necessarily "description", but also "narrative". Lu Xun wrote Kong Yiji's essay "How much, not much! This is a detail; It is also a detail to write that Kong Yi is "the only one who drinks standing in a robe". The former is description and the latter is narration, but we usually call it "detail description".

Secondly, the definition of "fine details". Ah Q is taboo to say words like "light" and "bright", which is a detail. Q didn't realize it when he died. The only thing he cares about is that his "circle" is not well drawn, which is also a detail. The former is a typical small detail, and the latter is a small plot fragment.

There are also differences between typical details and general details. A novel, to vividly depict characters and reproduce things, must start with details. A portrait description of a character will inevitably involve details such as appearance, posture, clothing and spirit.

Festival. But what we usually call "detail description" does not seem to refer to this description, but to the very conspicuous and expressive core details in a novel. The writer said, "As long as there are two or three details, I can write a character vividly". We usually say, "The details of Chen Shousheng sitting on the sofa are really good, which makes Chen Shousheng come alive at once"-this refers to typical details. Therefore, some people define that the so-called detail description refers to grasping the most typical details of things and deliberately describing them to convey them.

A way to express feelings.

From the above analysis, we can see that what we usually call "detail description" is relatively broad, which can be description or narrative. It can be a tiny detail or a tiny part or paragraph. It can be general or typical.

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