Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - What should I pay attention to when I start sketching?

What should I pay attention to when I start sketching?

If you are a beginner, I suggest you go to the bookstore to buy some introductory books and do more copying at home. First of all, you should draw some structural sketches, which are not bright and dark.

| Historical origin | Overview of sketch | Basic concept of sketch |

1. Historical origin

Painting has always been in a subordinate position from the ancient recording function to the role of serving religion in the Middle Ages. It was not until the Renaissance that humanism began to rise that it gradually broke away from the bondage of religion. Under the management of many masters, the various forms of painting are discussed with a scientific attitude. Since then, painting has gradually become independent from its subordinate position, but it is still attached to the aristocratic class under the feudal system.

Later, after several centuries of efforts, in the 18th century, the trend of democratic thoughts gradually rose, and painting art was no longer exclusive to nobles, but gradually took root in the people. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, thanks to science, Impressionism finally made a revolutionary discovery of light and color, and due to the invention of photography, the recording function in painting also encountered an unprecedented severe test, which also opened the prelude to the storm of modern painting in this century.

Although the function and function of painting will change with the pace of history in the past, present and even in the future, all changes are only to reflect the continuous exploration and progress of the times, but the essence of painting as human emotional communication will never change. The more developed photography is, the function of recording facts in painting is unmoved. On the contrary, the function of recording facts has been promoted to a higher level, and the more frustrated it is, the more brave it is, surpassing the original function and significance of painting. It not only extends from realism to the expression of inner feelings, but also moves from concreteness to abstraction, even out of the plane, injecting a new attempt of time in addition to the three-dimensional expression.

Originally, it was only a sketch used by painters to paint. With the development of painting history, it naturally played different roles. In the field of professional painting, the training of sketch has been highly valued for a long time, but it has been quietly playing an auxiliary role. In the 20th century, with the rise of modernism, painting suffered an unprecedented impact. Traditional sketches are naturally spared. Besides its independence, its basic role in traditional painting is also in danger of being denied.

No matter how the role of sketch is questioned, the existence of sketch is fact, foundation and creation. For a person engaged in painting, understanding sketch is always more important than arguing sketch.

2. Sketch overview

The problems involved in painting are quite complicated, including shape, light and shade, space, volume, and various complicated color relationships. During the basic training of painting, it will really cause great difficulties in learning. Under the principle of not losing the integrity of painting, it is helpful to study the two plastic elements of light and shade separately, which is the practical reason for painting alone.

What is sketch, for a person engaged in painting, can be said to be familiar, but if you want to give a proper definition of sketch, I am afraid it is not a simple matter. Understanding sketch from the perspective of painting foundation focuses on the concept and practice of basic sketch, rather than the dispute of sketch definition. So there is no intention to draw conclusions for the sketch. Understanding the actual existence of sketch training is more important than discussing whether sketch is necessary in painting. Whether it is monochrome painting or just the draft of painting, the most important thing to learn sketch is to establish a correct concept and thoroughly understand the positive role of sketch in the field of painting. So the sketch can be an independent painting or a draft of a color painting. Of course, it is more necessary to use it as the basis of painting learning.

/kloc-Angel, the master of neoclassicism in the 0/9th century, once said: "Sketch includes everything except color" and said that "Sketch includes three quarters of painting". Aside from the absoluteness of this sentence, it is not difficult to see the efforts of a generation of masters on the relationship between sketch and painting. As mentioned above, vision recognizes the shape characteristics of objects on the basis of perception of lightness and color, and lightness is the basis of color. Therefore, lightness is the most important element of color. When you want to express a certain color, you must first determine the lightness. The same is true of color expression in painting.

In order to make it easier to understand, it is the main category of sketch to put forward the lightness problem in complex color relations. It can be said that sketch is the greatest effort except color in painting.

In the understanding of sketch, we can solve many painting problems, including lightness, shape, volume, texture, sense of quantity, sense of space and so on. In addition to color, this also covers almost all painting and modeling issues. Just like appreciating a black-and-white photographic work, you will find that you can almost feel the integrity of the object except the color. If sketch is to prepare for color, it is no exaggeration from the standpoint of learning. Once the concept of sketch is established, a comprehensive understanding of the color relationship should be the most appropriate way to learn basic painting.

3. The basic concept of sketch

Nature is a "three-dimensional" existence, but it is a fact that painting is a "plane". To be a graphic creator, we must first recognize the difference between this plane and space. Pursuing the visual effect of three-dimensional space on the plane is enough for the "perspective" rule (near-far method) that masters of all ages have been trying to study deeply, that is, on a plane work, the illusion of depth is produced through the hint of the perspective rule.

The pursuit of "depth" in "plane" is a contradiction in itself, because plane is never equal to three-dimensional space. Therefore, the painter uses the perspective principle to "hint" the three-dimensional depth effect on the screen, even if it is almost false, it is only an illusion. In fact, no matter how accurately depicted, or even a photographic work, "plane" is always an indisputable fact.

The visual judgment of depth space, except the shape change in perspective, is mostly carried out by moving the position of eyes and the parallax of eyes.

What is binocular parallax? When the eyes are observing an object, in fact, images from two different perspectives appear on the retinas of both eyes. Through the combination of the brain, the depth effect is produced, especially for objects close to the eyes, the effect of binocular parallax is more prominent. For example, if you point your index finger at your eyes, the images seen by your left eye and your right eye are different because of the different perspectives. However, these two "simultaneous" different images can be combined with the brain to make a judgment.

Furthermore, the observation angle of "moving eye" can make the moving speed of the front and rear objects different, which is the most concrete method to judge the depth, especially for the objects with large distance difference. We can do a simple experiment, that is, move your eyes left and right and look at any object in front of you, so that images with different viewing angles will appear. Through these different images, we can easily judge the spatial position of the object. For example, if you take a train and look around, the moving speed of the nearby telephone poles is quite different from that of the distant fields and mountains.

In fact, "binocular parallax" and "moving eyes" cannot be realized in plane painting. Perhaps advanced technology can easily solve this problem, but the pursuit of depth is not the only choice for painting creation. In addition to pursuing the sense of space on the plane, the light effect produced by the picture is also a hint and illusion, and the sunshine expressed by the picture is never equal to the real sunshine. Why, for example, a watercolor painting shows the light source on white paper at most. How to compare the brightness of natural light and white paper, but what the painter can do is to "hint" the feeling of light by using the law of contrast between light and shade. Not only light and shade, but also color, volume, texture and sense of space.

All kinds of "hinting" behaviors used in painting performance are the so-called "modeling language" of painting. Basic painting is to train learners to understand and be familiar with these painting languages in order to gain more freedom in creative expression. Only "understanding" can "free choice": understanding is the basic training, and free choice is the real purpose of creation. In other words, "basic" learning lies in taking, while "creation" is desirable. Basic learning is to prepare for creation. Through basic study, we can establish correct concepts, cultivate basic expressive ability, and further explore the significance of creation. Although overemphasizing the foundation can easily become the bondage of creation, we can't ignore the importance of basic learning in order to get rid of the bondage of foundation. If you don't accept it, why don't you give up? It depends on the attitude of the learner. In the process of learning basic sketch, we should first establish this concept of trade-off.

Basic sketch, generally through the observation and practice of sketch, understand the various concepts and expressions contained in sketch. The object of sketch can be still life, landscape or plaster statue. Through these objects, the concept and experience of sketch can be circulated and conveyed objectively. As for the basic exercises with photos or slides, it's really troublesome. What is the reason? First of all, plane photos can't experience the visual effect of three-dimensional space (body); Furthermore, basic learning aims to cultivate solid expressive ability and keen observation ability through sketching, so that it can be used as the basis of creation in the future. If you just draw a gourd according to the sample (shape), you will lose the true meaning of basic learning.

In short, sketch is mainly to train the observation and expression of sketch modeling, while photos can only see the "shape" of its plane and can't perceive the "body" of its space. We should face basic learning with a rational attitude, and we should face creation with an emotional attitude. It is not easy to cultivate the basic ability of sketch, and it is even more difficult to get rid of the shackles of foundation when creating. Therefore, while cultivating basic sketch ability, we should always remind ourselves that the basic ability we strive to acquire may be something we have to get rid of or even give up completely when creating.

| Other performance media | Auxiliary tools |

In painting creation, in addition to constantly seeking breakthroughs in performance, it is also important to understand and master the characteristics of materials and tools. Therefore, the effective mastery of materials and tools can ensure the free expression of creativity and make the pen rotate at will. Otherwise, creativity will only be consumed in overcoming the material for no reason, even if there is no better creativity and no stronger performance, it will be stillborn.

Tool materials are only a means of sketching, not an end. In the choice of materials, there is no need to be too rigid, as long as it can meet the requirements and effects of sketch learning, any material can be used.

pencil

It is the most commonly used expressive writing material in sketch practice. At present, there are quite a few pencil styles on the market, including wooden pencils, engineering mechanical pencil, full pencils and flat pencils. Different styles are designed to meet different needs, which contain roughly the same brush strokes. The refill is made of graphite and gum, and the different mixing ratios of the two lead to different hardness. Usually, at the end of a pencil, the numbers "B" (black) and "H" (hard) indicate its hardness. The higher the number of "h", the lighter the stroke is, which is suitable for accurate description. The higher the number of "b", the softer and darker the strokes, which is more suitable for sketch practice, among which 2B and 6B are the most commonly used. The "HB" or "F" (firm) in the middle is mostly used for note writing because of its moderate hardness.

Wooden pencil

When using, be sure to cut off the xylem of the package with a blade, but avoid using a utility knife, because its blade is too sharp and it is easy to hurt the refill.

Mechanical pencil for engineering.

Adding an automatic pen holder and grinding the refill with a core grinder can change the serial number of the refill, which is also very convenient to use.

Full pencil

Because the refill is relatively thick, it can be wiped on a large area and is suitable for sketching. Because there is no wood protection, it is easy to break, so use it carefully. There are also pencils with automatic pens to choose from.

Flat pencil

Can quickly convert thick and thin lines, make good use of this feature, can make the picture have a simple sense of speed.

2. Charcoal pen

There are many kinds of charcoal pens, besides charcoal strips, there are all kinds of charcoal pens made of charcoal powder and glue. Charcoal is often used as an important pen material for sketching practice because it can show a deeper tone than a pencil and is easy to spread on a large area.

Charcoal stick

1. Most of them are made of new branches such as willow and cherry. Because it is not easy to collect and fire, the price is more expensive.

2. When selecting, it is better to have even and delicate texture and few straight seams. Carbon strips are also relatively thick and soft, so you can try more according to your personal needs. The carbon strip is black and loose, with fast wiping speed and large area, which is suitable for adjusting the overall brightness of large screen. However, due to the poor adhesion of carbon powder, the finished product must be sprayed with a layer of fixing glue in time, otherwise the carbon color will be turbid and fall off easily.

◎ Carbon pen and carbon rod

They are all made of carbon powder and adhesive, so they have strong adhesion, that is, they are not easy to modify. In addition to black, there are white, dark brown, reddish brown and other colored products, which are often used for sketching. Powdered charcoal is close to hard pastel, so it can also be used as the base of pastel painting. Wax carbon pen has stronger adhesion, is more difficult to smear, and the picture is easy to feel dry. Pay attention in advance when using it.

3. Colored chalk, ochre red chalk and crayons

Chalk is a white or gray organic soft stone. Limestone mixed with water and binder can be made into striped and pencil-shaped colored chalk to enhance the painting effect on colored paper. White chalk was first used by Botticelli, perugino, verrocchio and other painters in the early metal strokes on colored paper. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, leonardo da vinci mixed iron oxide into colored chalk and introduced the painting technology of ochre red chalk. In the last decades of the17th century, colored chalk became red, dark ochre, black and gray. Khaki and ultramarine blue. Pastel pens appeared at the beginning of16th century. Their concentration is similar to that of colored chalk, but there is a basic difference: colored chalk is a hard material, while crayons are very soft. By the end of19th century, hard pastels also appeared, and Degas was the best painter who used hard pastels to create perfect works.

Today, there is no difference between some brands of colored chalk and pastel pens. Ke Yinu provided white, ochre red, ochre and black bulk colored chalk sticks and strips, and a box of 12 colored chalk. These pastel pens made by Koinu have the same hardness as the boxed 72-color hard pastel pens made by Faber-castel. In addition to 72-color boxed hard crayons, Faber also produces 12 kinds of boxed bar pens, including 6 kinds of gray and 6 kinds of ochre. The latter was designed for le dessin a trios crayons, and was named by Eduardo, Fragona, Boucher and others in the18th century, that is, the painting technique of mixing black, ochre red and white chalk on colored paper.

▲ Two boxes of colored chalk are Fabregas colored chalk, and the first box is khaki.

Ochre series with white; The second box is a gray series of white and black.

4. Ordinary eraser, flexible soft eraser and wiping cloth

If you take a small piece of soft bread, then add a few drops of water and knead it with your fingers for a while, you will get a soft but dense thing; Use it to gently press but not rub the color block of pencil or charcoal painting, and do local wiping, which can reduce the intensity of color. This primitive eraser has been used by painters since15th century. After the Renaissance, it was not until the middle of18th century that Magellan invented the eraser, and the eraser was also improved into a plastic eraser in modern times.

Erasers and more modern plastic erasers are suitable for erasing traces of pencils, charcoal pens, ochre red chalk, etc. However, in some cases, they are not good tools for painting. Draw with an eraser? Of course, for a variety of pencil drawings or charcoal strokes with intermediate tones, such as portraits, artists can use erasers to achieve the effect of brightening. To draw with an ordinary eraser or a plastic eraser, you must first cut it into an inclined plane so that it has the same nib as a pencil. However, this is not a convenient method, and it will also destroy the eraser surface itself. Because of this, rubbing appears. Its viscosity is similar to that of clay used for statues, and it can be molded into any shape to describe it. By erasing or opening the shadow area, it can be used to describe points, lines, stars and the light of buildings in the sun.

▲ Draw lines on a gray or black background, and use an ordinary eraser or a soft eraser.

Yes, but if you use an ordinary eraser, you have to sharpen it (on the left in the picture), but it's not easy to rub.

Soft rags are plastic and can be made into desired shapes.

5. Other performance media

Except pencils and charcoal pens, dip pens, pastels and watercolors are acceptable as long as they can meet the requirements of sketch practice or creation, even if they are other irrelevant materials. However, basic sketch is actually a kind of concept and performance training, and the selection of materials is not the primary task, and it is mostly based on the principle of easy mastery and easy acquisition.

paper

Sketch paper doesn't have too many restrictions. All kinds of paper, such as tracing paper, Xuan paper, watercolor paper, glossy paper, pastel paper, and even materials other than paper can be tried. It can be selected according to the pen material used and the author's requirements for material characteristics. Sketch paper, because it is made of cotton pulp, has longer fibers than wood pulp paper. The paper is strong and tough, resistant to wiping, not easy to fluff, and the paper grain is slightly thick, which makes the charcoal color easy to attach and spread evenly. Instead, it is the best choice for beginners.

Except smooth and soft paper, such as paper sofa, all types of drawing paper are suitable for charcoal, charcoal, ochre chalk or crayons. Even very smooth paper, such as Blistol, can give interesting styles and effects to the works. However, the ideal drawing paper of charcoal pen, charcoal pen or toner stroke is medium-grained paper, such as Dessin J.A drawing paper of Kang Sen, or "C" A particles; Coarse-grained drawing paper, whether it is the white drawing paper of Canson Mi-Teintes or the textured paper of Ingres, is the best choice for large-scale practice, sketch or drawing.

6. Auxiliary tools

Soft rubber, in the process of sketching, not only has the function of correcting errors, but also can adjust the intensity of light and dark tones on the picture. However, to use a soft eraser, we must first establish a correct concept, that is, it is a white pen that can be molded at will, not just as a tool for decoration.

Paper and pen

Instead of fingers, you can rub a smaller area and draw details. However, it is easy to damage the paper fiber, it is difficult to modify, and the color tone is slightly dull. Don't overuse it. Others, such as cotton cloth, brush, soft sponge, etc. You can invent and try it yourself according to actual needs.

◎ Sketch fixed glue spraying

It is mainly made of turpentine mixed with alcohol and other solvents, which can protect the paper surface from pollution, except that charcoal powder is used when fixing pictures. If you use a pencil or charcoal pen to finish the work, although it has strong adhesion, it is best to spray a layer of fixing glue to protect the picture. Because turpentine and its solvent are harmful to human respiratory tract, it is best to wear a mask when spraying glue outdoors. When spraying, spray evenly from left to right at a proper distance from the screen. Because the carbon powder is easy to fall off, you can spray one layer first, and then spray several layers when it is dry. Don't be too hasty. Spraying too much will lead to the loss of toner and the blurred color of carbon, resulting in an uncontrollable situation, and all previous efforts will be wasted.

It is unstable to draw with charcoal pen, charcoal pen, ochre red chalk or pastel strokes, and it is easy to get dirty, blurred or erased by touching paper or other things with your hands. To avoid this problem, professional painters will use a liquid composed of alcohol and Arabic gum or a solvent containing 5% transparent gum (100 c.c alcohol contains 5 grams of gum). This solvent is sold in the market as a spray of 300 to 400 ml. When the painting is placed horizontally, the stationary liquid can be sprayed at each painting stage. Remember to wait for the first layer to evaporate before spraying the next layer; Gradually establish a delicate and invisible protective film on the surface of the painting. It is important that this process should not be too fast, and the painting should be laid flat on the table, so as to prevent soot from flying and liquid from flowing everywhere. In addition, you can also choose the way of painting with one hand and spraying stationary liquid with the other.

Generally speaking, ochre red chalk and colored chalk will become a little dark when they meet still liquid. Therefore, the stationary liquid is not suitable for painting with colored chalk or comprehensive techniques, especially with white chalk and crayons. It is suggested that you should never spray more than one layer of fixative on white crayons, even if the fixation of some parts in the painting is not ideal, don't take risks. Pastel painting will also have this problem, so pastel painting should not use fixed liquid.

▲ Using spray (stationary liquid) is the main fixation method of charcoal painting. To prevent the color from darkening

Or deepen, spray a thin layer of fixing solution on the toner strokes.

| Application method | Basic skills| Special skills |

Sharp objects can be used for two purposes:

(1) After the paper is scratched and fluffed. Wipe one side of the paper with a pen, so that the fluffy place will bear more pencils.

Powder. Show dark spots, can show mottled texture.

(2) sink the paper wall with a sharp blunt instrument. The concave place can't bear pencil powder and color when rubbed sideways.

It looks whiter. Can be called to represent small white objects, such as branches and pebbles.

Application of pencil powder;

Pencil powder can make a large area of average tone, can be used as the background color of the picture, and can also make a gradient effect. The use procedure of pencil powder is as follows: first scrape the pencil powder off the pencil with a blade. Then dip cotton or toilet paper in pencil powder and smear it back and forth on the paper. You can make a large area of average color surface or gradient tone.

Comprehensive application of white pencil and colored paper;

Using colored paper can save time in drawing background color. It can also increase the color change. But colored paper can't have the brightest hue. Make the picture appear gray; At this time. You can remedy it with a white pencil: colored paper is used as the background color. Draw a dark place with a graphite pencil. Drawing bright spots with white pencil can correct the shortcomings of colored paper and increase the interest of painting.

Frotage (Frotage):

Friction is one of the techniques commonly used by surrealist painters. It is a method of pressing a piece of paper on an object and then stretching its protruding lines with a pencil. You can make natural textures that pencils can't draw. Such as wood, stone lines, etc. And can provide a very special visual taste. When engaged in rubbings, we should try to choose thin and soft pieces of paper. A piece of paper that is too hard and thick will not show the lines clearly, so try to rub it with the side, otherwise the obvious strokes will hinder the lines from showing.

Auxiliary application of watercolor pigments;

On the finished pencil drawing, you can paint a layer of faint watercolor, which can not only maintain the original pencil drawing tone and brushwork interest. It can also add color changes to pictures. Make the performance of the work more abundant. When adding watercolors, you should avoid too strong and too dark colors. Otherwise, it is easy to cover the pencil strokes of the manuscript; You can't use a watercolor pen to smear it for many times, so as to avoid dark colors and blurred strokes.

Skilled pencil skills should be from shallow to deep, step by step. The basic techniques can be described as an introduction to pencil drawing, and familiarity with various practices and applications is of great help to the enrichment of brushwork in the future; Plus special technology

Tempering. It will definitely make the painter move towards the realm of "handy, handy".

Technical introduction:

1. Basic technology

Technique is the basic work of painting. Due to the comprehensive application of various techniques, the shape on the screen and TINT are together, and a painting is endowed with some meaning and life. Therefore, readers must have a basic understanding of the techniques of pencil drawing before engaging in the creation of pencil drawing.

The so-called "basic technique" refers to the technique that is purely pencil-based, without doping other auxiliary tools; In addition to the basic techniques, "special techniques" also have special effects made by other tools, supplemented by pencils.

The basic techniques focus on the method of using a pen, which can be divided into the following categories according to the different shapes (lines) of strokes:

Straight line strokes:

When using a pen, the lines are drawn straight on purpose, that is, in a straight line. When the straight strokes are arranged neatly, it will give people a refreshing and neat feeling, but it is easy to become dull. Therefore, the direction change of lines can be appropriately adjusted to increase the sense of liveliness, but it should not be excessive to avoid confusion.

Brush strokes in Yangtze River Delta:

When writing, you can draw slender triangular strokes, which are similar to straight strokes, but the changes are relatively smooth. Therefore, the strokes in the Yangtze River Delta are arranged regularly, which can produce the gradient effect of color gradient.

Arc strokes:

Curved strokes are made up of curved lines. Curves are graceful and soft, which are more difficult to control than straight lines. Therefore, it is necessary to practice more until all kinds of turns are extremely smooth, so as to show the beauty of curves.

Irregular strokes:

Draw casually with a pen, that is, irregular strokes. The application of irregular strokes can increase the changes of the picture and make people feel vivid, but it is also easy to get into chaos.

Dashed strokes:

Tap the paper with a pen tip to form a point-like brush stroke. When describing, deliberately changing the direction of force can produce different shapes of stippling; Such as a circle, a small triangle, etc. , suitable for describing trivial and complex objects.

Continuous strokes:

Continuous brushwork refers to the brushwork of drawing straight lines or curves back and forth quickly with a pen. Because it moves back and forth quickly, it is possible to draw a colored surface quickly, but it is difficult to control the shape of lines and the range of colored surfaces. ▲ Basic technology

2. Special technology

In addition to pencils, special techniques must use other auxiliary tools; Some mainly use other tools, supplemented by pencils; Some are mainly pencils, supplemented by other tools, or the two complement each other. In a word, other tools occupy a very important proportion in this kind of technology. What is the combination of other auxiliary tools when practicing? Use is essential. According to the different tools and technologies used, it can be divided into the following categories:

Application of paper texture;

When painting, the choice of paper can make the picture get twice the result with half the effort. For example, if you choose rough paper, it is easy to make rough texture; Smooth paper contributes to the uniform coating of pen powder and increases the smoothness of the picture. These are the auxiliary effects produced by paper grain.

Application of rubber:.

Eraser can not only erase the wrong part, but also be used as a painting tool. For example, a hard eraser can be cut into a sharp stick shape, or a soft eraser can be pinched into a thin stick shape, so that slender bamboo lines can be erased. In addition, gently pressing the picture with an eraser (both soft and hard) can produce a white color block like white clouds. As long as the painter is willing to work hard, the eraser will certainly fit the personal meaning and make the desired effect.

Wiping technology:

Rubbing is a technique of rubbing and pressing the strokes with cloth, paper, pen or finger. Due to the push of cloth, paper, fingers, etc. The coating of pencil powder is extremely uniform. Thereby weakening the traces of brush strokes. The function of light tone. Among them, cloth and paper are suitable for wiping large areas of pictures; Paper and pen are suitable for wiping small areas of pictures because their tips are like pencils; As for the wiping effect of fingers and erasers, it is poor, because the sweat stains on hands easily affect the effect of the picture, and erasers are also easy to erase strokes.

Application of ruler:

Ruler is an indispensable tool for fine drawing. For example, when drawing precise square objects such as buildings and industrial products, it is necessary to use ruler to make manuscripts or make modifications.

Application of sharp objects:

Sharp objects can be used for two purposes:

(1) After the paper is scratched and fluffed. Wipe the paper with the side of the pen, so the fluffy place will bear more pencil powder. Show dark spots, can show mottled texture.

(2) sink the paper wall with a sharp blunt instrument. The sunken place can't bear pencil powder when it is rubbed on the side, and the color appears whiter. Can be called to represent small white objects, such as branches and pebbles.

Application of pencil powder;

Comprehensive application of white pencil and colored paper;

Frotage (Frotage):

Auxiliary application of watercolor pigments;

On the finished pencil drawing, you can paint a layer of faint watercolor, which can not only maintain the original pencil drawing tone and brushwork interest. It can also add color changes to pictures. Make the performance of the work more abundant. When adding watercolors, you should avoid too strong and too dark colors. Otherwise, it is easy to cover the pencil strokes of the manuscript; You can't use a watercolor pen to smear it many times, so as to avoid dark colors and blurred strokes.

Tempering. It will definitely make the painter move towards the realm of "handy, handy".

| Composition | Outline | Circle |

1. composition

With a basic understanding of sketch modeling, we enter the performance problem of the actual picture. This book will explain the concrete form of sketch from the aspects of composition outline, light and shade, volume, quality and space. The first is the problem of composition. Usually in the process of taking pictures. You need to master the overall composition before you can determine the outline of the theme, which is convenient for the deep description of light and shade, volume and space. Therefore, the mastery of composition and outline can be said to be the preliminary of sketch modeling.

Before composition, we must first understand the relationship between visual objects, eyes and pictures. When still life is sketched, the composition is usually smaller than the scope of vision, while landscape sketching can move the line of sight and expand the field of vision. At this time, the coverage of the composition may be larger than the field of view of a single viewpoint.

Simply put, composition is how to properly arrange the objects of performance on the screen, that is, the layout of the screen. In the works of predecessors, there are indeed some types of composition that are often used, such as S-shaped composition and triangular composition.

Wait, what?

References:

http://sale . yuntech . edu . tw/arts/place/sketch/sketch . html # a 1

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