Excuse me, what plant is this!

Canna (English name: Canna lily) alias: Lan Jiao, a perennial herb with a height of 1 ~ 2m, a hairless plant with stout rhizomes, belonging to Cannaceae. Flowering period: summer and autumn, flower language: solid future, color: white, red, yellow and variegated. Native to India, it is cultivated in the north and south of China. 、

Growth habit

Like warm and abundant sunshine, not cold-resistant. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it grows best in loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage, and is also suitable for the growth of fertile clay soil [3].

Canna (6 pieces)

Fertilization is usually carried out during the growing season. In the north, underground tubers should be dug out before frost and stored in an environment with a temperature of about 5℃. Because of its large color, rich color, good plant shape and easy cultivation. The optimum temperature for open culture is 13 ~ 17℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it grows best in loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage, and is also suitable for the growth of fertile clay soil. Jiangnan can spend winter in the wind. Reproduce by dividing plants or sowing. The ramet propagation is carried out in April-May, when the bud eyes begin to germinate, and 2-3 buds are cut off from each area of the rhizome for planting.

Frost withered flowers and leaves.

Canna is a perennial herb with bulbs and rhizomes, and its thick and fleshy rhizomes lie on the ground. There is no dormancy period in warm areas, which can grow all year round, and the optimum temperature is 22 ~ 25℃. Growth will stop at 5 ~ 10℃, and freezing will occur below 0℃. Canna likes wet and avoids dry. In hot summer, if you are directly exposed to the scorching sun or blown by dry and hot wind, the leaf edge will be scorched. The same phenomenon can occur when watering too much. [4]

geographical distribution

It is distributed in India, northern and southern Chinese mainland, growing at an altitude of 800 meters, and has been artificially introduced and cultivated.

Adapt to all parts of the country. But it is not cold-resistant, and the frost leaves wither.

Generally, in the south of the Yangtze River basin, it is safer to overwinter with a little cover in the open field; North of the Yangtze River, stems and leaves will wither after frost in early winter. Therefore, before and after the first frost, we should cut off the stems and leaves on the ground, dig out the roots, dry them for 2 ~ 3 days, remove the surface moisture, spread them indoors, spread them with river sand or fine mud, keep the room temperature above 8℃, and plant them after the final frost in the following spring; It can also be transplanted after February.

principal item

High-definition Atlas of Canna Close-up (22)

There are many varieties of canna, and there were nearly a thousand varieties by the beginning of19th century.

Common varieties are:

Aquatic yellow canna: the plant height is about 1m, with green leaves and yellow flowers. It generally grows in rivers and wetlands, and the water level is about 10cm. It likes humidity and is cold-resistant.

Aquatic safflower canna: the plant height is about 1m, the leaves are green and the flowers are big red. It also grows in rivers and wetlands, and the water level is about 10cm. The upward trend is the best, like humidity and cold resistance. Compared with dry canna, aquatic canna is more suitable for artificial lakes, wetland parks, rivers and other waterscape greening. [5]

Canna grandiflora: Also known as Canna, it is an improved variety of Canna. Its plant height is 1.5m, and its stems and leaves are white. The leaves are large, oval in shape, about 40 cm long and 20 cm wide. The total pedicel is long, the florets are large and colorful, the calyx and petals turn white, and the petals are upright and not bent.

Aquatic Canna (6 pieces)

Purple-leafed Canna: The plant height of C.warscewiczii is about 1m, the stems and leaves are all purplish brown, the involucre is brown, the calyx and petals are purplish red, the petals are dark purple, and the lips are bright red. Canna's fruit is a slightly spherical capsule with tumor-like protrusions and black and hard seeds.

Two-color Yuanyang Canna: Introduced from South America, it is a treasure in Canna, named after the red and five-star bright yellow flowers on the same stalk.

Colors are: red, bright yellow, pink, orange, multicolor spots and so on. There are about 50 varieties. The two-color Yuanyang Canna was introduced from South America, and it was named after competing with each other on the same flower stem to produce two colors: red and five-star bright yellow. More ornamental is that the petals are half red and half yellow, and the same plant is different. What is even more surprising is that the red petals are dotted with bright yellow stars, and the five-star yellow petals are dotted with bright red spots, which amazes the viewers.

Two-color Yuanyang Canna is short, with dense leaves, large dark green leaves, and four leaves can blossom. Beijing's flowering period is as long as 8 months, potted plants are good and the market is selling well. It is more suitable for the greening of urban areas, tourist attractions, living areas, parks and streets. No matter where it is used, whether it is planted in patches or rows, it is a spectacular scenery.

Cultivation origin

Canna is native to tropical areas such as America, India and Malay Peninsula. It likes warm, humid, sunny, not cold-resistant, afraid of strong winds and frost. It has low requirements for soil, is barren-resistant, and grows well in fertile, moist and well-drained soil. After the plants wither in late autumn, cut off the aboveground parts, dig out the roots, dry them in the sun for 2 ~ 3 days, and bury them in well-ventilated sand in the greenhouse. Don't water it, keep it above 5 degrees, and you can safely overwinter. In the area south of the Yangtze River, there is no need to dig roots in winter. As long as they are sealed with soil, they can germinate the next spring.

Breeding mode

1, sowing and breeding,

Sowing propagation

From April to May, cut the hard seed coat with a sharp tool, soak it in warm water for a day and night, then sow it in the open field, germinate 2-3 weeks after sowing, transplant it once when 2-3 leaves grow, and blossom in the same year or the next year. It is a common material for shrub edge, flower diameter and reading glasses in gardens.

Dwarf varieties should be selected for potted plants. The soil in the basin is loam rich in organic matter and mixed with a small amount of river sand. Planting after late frost in spring, each pot should be 1 ~ 2 plants. After planting, water should be poured enough to keep the pot soil moist, otherwise the leaves will be burnt or even the flowers will be scarce. After the plant grows to 3-4 leaves, topdressing should be done every 10 day until flowering. Cut off the residual flowers in time after flowering to promote the germination of new branches. Before the autumn frost comes, move it indoors for maintenance and wintering in time.

Canna likes hot weather and sunshine. It thrives in rich and deep soil rich in organic matter. Afraid of strong winds, not cold-resistant, once frosted, the stems and leaves on the ground will wither, leaving the stems underground. You can spend the winter in the open air in Jiangnan. To the north of the Yangtze River, the underground stems should be dug out, wintered in the cellar, and planted the next year. Avoid waterlogging and dampness during storage to prevent tuber rot.

2. Propagation with tubers.

Tuber propagation takes place from March to April. Dig out the old rhizome, divide it into blocks, leave 2 ~ 3 buds on each rhizome with roots, plant it in the soil about 10cm deep, keep the spacing between plants at 40 ~ 50 cm, and water it enough. When the new bud grows to 5-6 leaves, it should be fertilized once, and it can bloom in the same year [6]

cultivation techniques

plant

Planting in early and middle April in spring (Zhengzhou area) [7]. The ground planting adopts hole sowing, each hole has 2 ~ 3 buds, the hole distance is 80cm, and the hole depth is about 20cm. After planting, the covering thickness is about 10cm. When potted, choose low varieties and leave 3 buds in each pot. After planting, the covering thickness is 8 ~ 10 cm.

canna

Light and temperature

During the growing period, it is required to have enough light to ensure that you receive at least 5 hours of direct sunlight every day. If the environment is too dark and the light is insufficient, the flowering period will be delayed. The temperature is 16 ~ 30℃. When flowering, in order to prolong the flowering period, it can be placed in a place with low temperature and no sunshine, and the ambient temperature should not be lower than 10℃.

Water fertilization

After planting, water less before the rhizomes grow new roots. Wet soil is suitable for basin soil. Too wet soil can easily rot the roots. After the scape grows, water it frequently to keep the soil moist. If there is no water, "flowers in leaves" will easily appear after flowering. To reduce watering in winter, the principle is "see dry and see wet". In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer before planting, liquid fertilizer for pancakes should be applied 3 ~ 4 times a month during the growing season. If the flower scape is not picked 20 ~ 30 days before the scheduled flowering, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be sprayed on the leaves to promote flowering.

Flowering period control

If you want to blossom on May 1 ST, cover the stored roots with soil mixed with a small amount of fertilizer in June 5438+ 10, and require the ambient temperature to be 30℃ during the day, about 15℃ at night, and germinate after 10. After germination, plant the roots with 2 ~ 3 buds in a pot, keep the pot soil moist and fertilize properly. Buds appear in early April. Pay attention to ventilation, so that May Day can blossom.

Rootstock excavation

In cold areas, when most of the stems and leaves turn yellow after 1 ~ 2 frosts in autumn, cut off the aboveground parts, dig out the roots, dry them properly, pile them indoors, and overwinter safely at 5 ~ 7℃. In warm winter, you can overwinter in the open field without harvesting, but after 2 ~ 3 years, you must plough and replant, which can expand the planting scale.

Cultivation techniques

When planting alone, the roots and buds must be separated.

Rootstock should be stored in dry conditions, and it is easy to rot when it is wet.

Cut off the stems at any time after flowering to reduce nutrient consumption and promote its continuous flowering.

Canna grandiflora

Canna grandiflora, with rich colors and long flowering period (June ~ 65438+1October),

Canna in ancient and modern Chinese paintings (20 pieces)

It is an excellent material to beautify the courtyard, and its dwarf varieties are suitable for potted plants. Canna grandiflora likes sunny, warm and humid climate, and is not cold-resistant; The requirements for soil are not strict, but because its roots can penetrate into the soil more than 70cm, it likes fertile soil with deep soil layer, moisture and good drainage. In the south of China, it can grow all year round without dormancy, while in the north of the Yangtze River, the above-ground parts will wither after frost. At this time, the above-ground part should be cut off to be flush with the ground, then the rhizome should be dug up and dried for 2 ~ 3 days, and the surface moisture should be removed. It should be paved in a ventilated and cool place in layers, and the gaps should be filled with river sand and fine mud. The room temperature should be kept at about 8℃, and the stacking height should not be too high, generally about 30cm. Canna has large flowers, long flowering period and tall plants, so it is necessary to ensure sufficient fertilizer and water during the growing period. Rational fertilization is the key measure to conserve canna. Whether potted or planted underground, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before planting. The base fertilizer should be mainly compost, with appropriate addition of bean cake, bone meal or calcium superphosphate. During the growth period and before flowering, apply 1 times liquid fertilizer every 20 days, and loosen the soil in time to keep the soil loose, which is beneficial to root system development, lush branches and leaves and bright flowers. If phosphorus and potassium are lacking, the growth will be weak or only branches and leaves will grow, and few or no flowers will bloom. After each flower withers, the remaining scape should be cut off in time, and liquid fertilizer should be applied to save nutrients for the next flowering.

Common pests and diseases of canna grandiflora are:

① Mosaic disease. When canna grandiflora is infected with mosaic virus, green and intermittent yellow stripes appear from vein to leaf edge, which extend to most parts in the later period, even the whole leaf is yellow, shriveled and curled, and the petals appear broken color stripes when flowering.

Prevention and control methods:

A. In breeding, we should choose virus-free and robust rootstock materials to control aphids, the vectors of diseases, in the whole growth period;

B. If any diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out and destroyed in time.

② Banana bracts. The adults of banana bracts lay eggs on the leaves, tender stems and petioles of Canna grandiflora. After hatching, the larvae climb to the edge of the leaves to bite them, and spin silk to stick the leaves into a bud. In the morning and evening, they climb out of the bracts to bite the nearby leaves. In severe cases, there are many bracts and incomplete leaves on the plant, which affects the growth and ornamental effect.

Prevention and control methods:

A, removing bracts of leaves in time to kill larvae;

B before the larvae hatch and form leaf bracts, kill the larvae with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution, or spray the larvae with chlordecone 1000 times solution in the morning and evening.

Planting canna on the ground

Canna in Zhu Xuanxian's Chinese Painting

Canna planted underground should be planted after the final frost in spring. Canna should germinate before planting, and can only germinate after February. The optimum temperature for germination is 20 ~ 25℃, and it can be transplanted separately after budding. Before transplanting, the soil in the planting area should be deeply cultivated, the planting hole should be slightly larger, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied at the bottom of the hole. The base fertilizer should be decomposed compost, and appropriate amount of bean cake and calcium superphosphate should be added. The base fertilizer should be covered with a few centimeters of soil, and then planted with rhizomes, and covered with soil 10 ~ 20 cm. For ornamental purposes, the covering soil should be shallow, and for breeding purposes, the covering soil should be thick. Water thoroughly for the first time after transplanting. After germination, increase the amount of water according to the gradual increase of plants, and always keep the soil moist. When three leaves grow, the plant will enter the stage of flower bud differentiation. At this time, more topdressing should be applied, mainly phosphate fertilizer, to promote flower bud differentiation, which is conducive to improving the quality of flowers and making plants grow sturdily.

Key points of potted plants

Potted canna

Potted canna, first of all, should choose the right variety, dwarf varieties are most suitable for potted plants. Pot maintenance should start with the selection of roots and pay more attention to mastering the cultivation techniques of each growth link. Dig the roots in March and April in spring, trim off the rotten parts, and cut them into several pieces according to the size of the roots and the number of stems and buds. The incision should be smooth, cut and coated with plant ash or charcoal powder, and then planted separately. When planting alone, the rhizomes with 2 ~ 3 stems and buds should be quickly cut off and buried in the pot, and the depth should be based on the degree to which the bud tips are exposed from the pot soil. Canna likes fat and resists moisture. Potted soil should be mixed with humus soil, garden soil, peat soil, mountain mud and other organic-rich soils, and organic fertilizers such as bean cake and bone meal should be applied as base fertilizer. Water thoroughly for 1 time after planting, and then keep the soil moist frequently. When it grows to 5-6 leaves, apply liquid fertilizer every 10- 15 days/time. The liquid fertilizer can be decomposed thin bean cake water with appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate, or it can be a compound fertilizer solution, and the concentration is lighter, generally 0. The flowerpot should be moved to the shade during flowering period, which is beneficial to prolong flowering period. After the flowers wither, the stems should be cut off in time to make them sprout new buds, grow branches and continue to bloom. Potted soil should always be moist. If the basin soil is too dry, there will be symptoms such as dry leaf margin and tip, yellowing of leaves and so on. In hot summer, if the water is too cold, it will also cause the leaf edge to burn. When the temperature exceeds 40℃, it should be moved to a cool and ventilated place, otherwise the sultry heat will also cause symptoms such as yellowing of leaves.

extermination of disease and insect pest

mosaic disease

mosaic disease

Symptoms: the leaves of infected plants appear mosaic or yellow-green spots, and the petals become smaller and variegated. When the disease is serious, the leaves will be deformed and rolled in, and the plaque will be necrotic.

Prevention and control methods:

Because canna is propagated by roots, it is easy to spread the virus year by year, so virus-free mother plants should be selected as breeding materials. If a diseased plant is found, it should be pulled out and destroyed immediately to reduce the source of infection.

The disease is spread by aphids. Insecticides are used to control aphids and reduce vectors. Spraying 2000 times of 40% omethoate or 1000 times of 50% malathion, 20% diazinon and 70% propargite respectively.

bud rot

bud rot

Symptoms: Before banana leaves spread out and bloom, the pathogen of bud rot invades through the stomata of young leaves and flower buds. When the leaves are unfolded, many small spots appear on the leaves, which gradually expand along the veins and connect with each other to form large spots, and sometimes the spots form stripes. The lesion was grayish white at first and soon turned black. The infected buds turn black and die before flowering. This lesion will spread to the petiole, resulting in the death of young stems and buds. When the old leaves are injured, the disease spots spread slowly, with irregular shape, yellowing and waterlogging at the edges.

Prevention and control methods:

Selecting healthy rhizomes as propagation materials, soaking the rhizomes suspected of carrying bacteria in streptomycin with 500 ~ 1000 times for 30 minutes before planting can not only prevent diseases, but also promote the growth of buds and branches.

Should be planted in sunny, fertile and humid places with good drainage to avoid over-planting.

Spray bordeaux solution (1: 1: 200) or 500 times solution of 77% herbicide wettable powder, 400 times solution of 14% copper ammonia solution, etc. In the early stage of plant diseases.

Remove and burn seriously ill plants and disabled bodies at any time.

Pest prevention

Canna has strong adaptability, extensive management, unattractiveness and less pests. Attention should be paid to leaf curl pests from May to August every year to avoid damaging their tender leaves and inflorescences. It can be sprayed with 50% dichlorvos 800 times or 50% triadimefon EC 1000 times. Canna planted on the ground occasionally has tigers on the ground, so it can be artificially captured or irrigated with 600 ~ 800 times of trichlorfon to control the root soil.

The application value of editing this paragraph

Landscape beautification

Canna has a wide range of uses, mainly determined by its characteristics. Canna has lush leaves and flowers.

Canna (8 pieces)

Big colors are bright, the flowering period is long, and it is in the hot season with few flowers, which can greatly enrich the colors and seasonal changes in landscaping and make the landscape outline clear, beautiful and natural. Compared with annual grass flowers, canna has less strict environmental requirements, extensive maintenance and management, strong adaptability, and is economical and practical.

The application of canna in gardens mainly includes the following aspects:

First of all, it is suitable for road separation zones. Canna is planted in the center of the car isolation belt, with bright flowers and dense green leaves. It can make the street landscape look full of vitality and enrich the vertical changes. Secondly, it is applied to public green space. Canna can be planted in a large area of public green space, which can show its group beauty. Used to decorate flower diameters and flower beds, which can increase interest. Planting around the building can soften the rigid building lines. [8]

Clean up the environment

Canna can not only beautify people's lives, but also absorb harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide, with good resistance. Although the leaves are fragile, they grow new leaves after injury and soon resume growth. Because its leaves are fragile and sensitive, it is called a living monitor to monitor harmful gas pollution. Has that function of purifying air and protect the environment. It is an ideal flower for greening, beautifying and purifying the environment.

Medicinal value

Roots and flowers are used as medicine, which are cool, sweet and light. Clearing heat and promoting diuresis, calming nerves and lowering blood pressure.

The stems and leaves have white powder.

Function indication:

Sore swelling poison: fresh rhizome is appropriate, mashed and applied to the affected area.

Uterine bleeding and excessive leucorrhea: take 9 ~ 15g and decoct in water. Or 250g of fresh rhizome, 60g of glutinous rice, stewed chicken or pork.

Acute icteric hepatitis: 90g of fresh rhizome, 30g of Dracaena cochinchinensis, water 1000mL, decocted to 400mL, twice a day, 14 days as a course of treatment.

Collection of medicinal materials:

Harvesting and storage of rhizome

Canna is a perennial herbaceous flower, which has many roots in the underground part and is fleshy. The flowering period is from June to 10, and the color is orange.

Red, pink, scarlet, dotted with gold, light yellow, milky white and other colors, the flowers are large and gorgeous, with lush foliage, which can be used as flower borders or flower beds or potted plants.

It is also planted naturally, which is an excellent garden green flower. However, in many areas of northern China, canna can't overwinter safely in the open field, so it needs to be dug out of the soil and stored in time. Methods and precautions are as follows: