College Entrance Examination Geography Landscape Picture Questions

A landscape map is a thematic map that reflects the spatial distribution of geographical landscapes. The following are the Geography and Landscape Map test questions I recommend for everyone, for your reference only!

The Geography and Landscape Map test questions and reference answers for the College Entrance Examination

1. Multiple-choice questions

< p> (2013 College Entrance Examination Questions Guangdong Paper) Figure 1 is a real picture of a certain place. The main reasons for the formation of the geological structures shown are

Figure 1

A. Transport B. Crustal movement C. Metamorphism D. Weathering

Answer 1.B.

From the perspective of knowledge points, this question is to test the "internal and external forces that cause changes in the surface morphology". From the perspective of ability, it is to test the "interpretation of geographical landscape charts". Question difficulty: Easy.

The idea of ??solving the problem is to judge through the bending of the rock layers in the landscape map that this is a typical folded mountainous area, and the force that forms the folds mainly comes from the horizontal extrusion of the crustal movement. The key to solving the problem is to master the basic concepts of the role of internal and external forces. Items A and D are the effects of external forces, and item C is the effect of internal forces. However, the information in the figure cannot reflect the metamorphism after high temperature and pressure.

The test questions extending geological effects are frequently tested in the Guangdong College Entrance Examination: (2010 (7) Action of flowing water; 2011 (1) Geological structure; 2011 (2) Action of flowing water; 2012 Question 41 (1) Action of flowing water ), should be given sufficient attention in teaching.

(2013 College Entrance Examination Questions Sichuan Paper) is a kind of residential house in mid-latitude Asia that adapts to the environment and has unique local characteristics, called Tu Gong. This type of dwelling is relatively tall, with a vaulted or flat roof, and walls made of adobe, which are very thick. Answer questions 9-10 accordingly.

Figure 5

. The outstanding characteristics of this kind of residential environment are:

A. Large temperature difference between day and night B. Continuous autumn rain C. Hot and humid climate D. Typhoon Frequent

. At 15:00 local time on June 8, the sunlight shining on the soil arch comes from

A. Northeast direction B. Southeast direction C. Northwest direction D. Southwest direction < /p>

Answers 9.A 10.D

Proposition conception This group of questions examines environmental characteristics through landscape pictures, and at the same time examines the position of the sun in the sky at a certain moment. From this question, we can see that the difficulty of the Earth Movement part of the test is getting lower. This question is less difficult.

The idea of ??solving the problem is that the roof is flat, which means there is less precipitation in the place, and the wall with a large thickness can be insulated. It can be inferred that the temperature difference between day and night is large in the place, so choose A for question 9. In mid-latitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere, the sun should be in the southern sky at noon, and should be in the southern sky around noon. At 15:00 local time, the sun should be in the western sky, so choose D. Of course, this question can also be chosen directly based on students’ daily life experience.

(Tianjin 2013 College Entrance Examination Questions) The photo shown in Figure 4 was taken by the photographer using continuous exposure technology at night. The arcs in the photo are the apparent motion trajectories of stars. Read the picture and answer questions 8-9.

. Judging from Figure 4, the location where the photographer took the photo is located

A. Low latitude area B. Mid-latitude area C. Near the North Pole D. Near the South Pole

Answer 8.A

The purpose of the test question is to examine the geographical significance of earth motion.

The answer can be determined by the position of Polaris. Since the earth's axis points northward near Polaris, the elevation angle of Polaris in the polar regions is close to 90°. In low latitudes, it is near the horizon. Polaris cannot be seen in the southern hemisphere. In the picture Polaris is located close to the horizon, so the photographer is located at a low latitude. Therefore choose option A.

. In Figure 4, the apparent movement angle of star a is about 50°. Based on this, the photographer’s continuous shooting time can be judged as

A. More than 1 hour B.3 More than hours C. More than 5 hours D. More than 7 hours

Answer 9.B

The test question is based on the content related to the angular speed of the earth's rotation.

The idea of ??solving the problem is that the reference object for the apparent motion of a star is the earth. If the star rotates 50°, the actual rotation of the earth is 50°. From the earth's rotation angular speed of 15°/h, we can get 50°, which is more than three hours.

Figure 2 (013 College Entrance Examination New Course Standard Volume I) is a remote sensing image of an area near 45°N. The dark part is the vegetation coverage area, and the light part is the plateau desert area; it is covered with ice and snow all year round. The mountain peak is 3424 meters above sea level and about 180 kilometers away from the sea. Read Picture 2 and complete questions 4 to 6.

The dominant factor leading to the difference in precipitation in the area shown is

A. Atmospheric circulation B. Topography C. Latitude position D. Ocean currents

Answer B

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This question examines the influencing factors of precipitation and tests students’ ability to extract information, read pictures, judge and analyze problems, and is quite difficult.

From the question stem, we can see that the area is located at 45?N and is close to the sea (180km). From reading the picture, we can see that there are mountains and vegetation cover on the west side, and a plateau desert on the east side. From the latitude position, it can be seen that this area should be affected by the westerly wind belt. The west side is the westerly windward slope, with heavy precipitation and good vegetation coverage. The east side is the rain shadow area of ??the westerly leeward slope with less precipitation, forming a plateau desert, so the area shown in the picture is The dominant factor in precipitation differences is topography, rather than atmospheric circulation, latitude, and ocean currents.

. This area is located

A. The Pacific coast of the Eurasian continentB. The Atlantic coast of the Eurasian continent

C. The Atlantic coast of North AmericaD. Pacific Coast Region of North America

Answer D

Proposition Concept This question tests knowledge of world regions and tests students' ability to extract useful information for regional positioning. The difficulty is medium.

Problem-solving ideas The area is located in the westerly belt and is close to the sea. There are mountains on the west side and are covered with vegetation. The east side of the mountains is a plateau. The plateau is a desert landscape. Combining the world geography of western Europe and Based on the knowledge learned in the United States, it is easy to determine that this area is the Pacific Coast of North America.

. The natural vegetation at the foothills of the western slopes of the mountains in this area belongs to

A. Evergreen broad-leaf forest B. Evergreen sclerophyll forest C. Coniferous broad-leaf mixed forest D. Grassland

Answer C

The purpose of this question is to test the laws of regional differentiation and students’ ability to solve problems using the laws and principles they have learned; the difficulty is medium.

Problem-solving ideas: Evergreen broad-leaved forest is the vegetation corresponding to the subtropical monsoon climate (subtropical monsoon humid climate), and evergreen sclerophyll forest is the vegetation corresponding to the Mediterranean climate. The area is 45?N, not There may be two kinds of vegetation, so items A and B are wrong; coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests are mainly distributed in the middle and high latitudes of the Eurasian continent. The area shown in the picture is 45°N and is a mountainous area, so it is a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Item C is correct; grassland is generally the vegetation corresponding to semi-arid areas with less precipitation. However, the west side of the area shown in the picture is affected by the westerly wind belt and terrain uplift, and there is more precipitation, so it cannot be grassland. Item D is wrong; < /p>

(2013 College Entrance Examination Questions Fujian Paper) Figure 4 shows the climbing sand dunes in the wide valley of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Read the picture to complete questions 9 to 10.

Figure 4

.The dune is located

A. Alluvial fanB. Flood plainC. DeltaD. Floodplain

Answer 9.D

Thesis concept This question uses river landscape pictures as the starting point to test the knowledge of river landform development, aiming to allow students to observe geographical knowledge in life and apply what they have learned.

For proposition conception, first pay attention to the question stem, ?Wide valley in the middle reaches? The key information, combined with the knowledge learned, alluvial fans are generally located at the mouth of rivers flowing out of mountains, and flood plains refer to the piedmont zone in arid areas consisting of a series of A plain formed by the continuous expansion and extension of alluvial fans. The delta is located at the mouth of the river. Considering the question "Climbing Sand Dunes", options A, B, and C can be eliminated. Floodplains are generally located in the middle and lower reaches of rivers. The channels in the middle and lower reaches of rivers are wide, the water speed is slow, and sedimentation is dominated by running water. , mostly developed sedimentary landforms such as sandbars and floodplains.

. The correct representation of the dune profile and the main direction of external forces is

A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④

Answer 10.C

This question tests the ability to analyze the development of sand dune morphology and the action of external forces in the floodplain. This question is difficult. The question scenarios are well designed, and there are no other related text materials in the question stems. It directly tests students' ability to read pictures and interpret information. Candidates can only give correct answers if they master and understand the textbook knowledge proficiently and transfer and transform it.

The idea of ??the proposition is combined with the key words "climb" in the question stem, indicating that the forward direction of the dunes should be consistent with the direction of external force, excluding ② and ④, and combined with the dune distribution characteristics of the landscape map, along the river bank side The dune on the other side is gentler and the slope on the other side is steeper, so option 1 can be eliminated. The river sand that emerges from the riverbed in front and behind the dune due to the dry season has been blown, transported and accumulated year after year. The slope is gentler on the windward slope and steeper on the leeward slope. (It can be analyzed with the help of the principle of mobile sand dune formation, as shown in the figure below)

Knowledge expansion alluvial plains are generally composed of three parts: diluvial-alluvial plains, floodplain plains and delta plains.

1. Alluvial plains are generally caused by seasonal floods or when rivers flow in mountainous areas. Due to the steep terrain and fast water flow in the mountainous areas, they carry a large amount of gravel and sediment. However, when the water flows out of the valley mouth, because the terrain suddenly becomes flat and the water channel becomes open, the water flow slows down and the materials transported by the river gradually accumulate, forming a diluvial fan or alluvial fan. Multiple alluvial fans or alluvial fans are connected and eventually form an alluvial plain.

2. Floodplains are generally found in the middle and lower reaches of the river, where river erosion is weak and lateral erosion is strong. Rivers often erode on concave banks and accumulate on convex banks to form underwater accumulations. The area of ??the accumulation gradually expands and emerges from the water surface in the dry season, forming a floodplain. During the flood season, the floodplain is inundated by river water and continues to receive sedimentation. If a river changes its course, the floodplain is abandoned. Multiple abandoned floodplains were joined together to form a broad floodplain plain.

3. The delta plain is generally when a river carrying a large amount of sediment enters the ocean. If the underwater slope of the river entering the sea is gentle and the river flow slows down, the sediment carried by the river will accumulate at the mouth of the river. Ahead, a delta is formed. Several deltas are connected together to form a vast delta plain.

4. This picture comes from the famous tourist attraction of the Brahmaputra River, the Buddha's Palm Sand Dune. It is located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River, near the Brahmaputra Grand Canyon. It is named after it is shaped like a Buddha's palm with folded hands.

Actual situation: The sand dune is located in the strong wind outlet area of ??the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. From late autumn to late spring, strong winds blow like hurricanes. The river sand on the river bed in front and behind the dune due to the dry season is blown year after year. The transportation and accumulation formed this unique landform. In Milin County on the Yarlung Zangbo River, the size of this sand dune is second only to the Wolong Sand Dune.

(2013 College Entrance Examination Questions Jiangsu Paper) Figure 4 is a map of landform types in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. The tall Mingsha Mountains surround the crescent-shaped depression, where the springs gather to form the Crescent Moon Spring (see the photo in the lower right corner of Figure 4). It is famous for its "Thousand-year-old" Crescent Spring, but it has become increasingly dry in recent years. The local government has issued a "Save the Thousand-Year Crescent Spring" ? appeal. Read the picture and answer questions 9-10.

.The crescent-shaped water gathering depression is caused by

A. It is formed by the shrinkage of the large lake B. It is formed by the remnants of ancient river channels

C. It is formed by artificial excavation D. Formed by wind erosion

Answer B

Proposition idea This question mainly tests students' ability to read geographical images and acquire geographical information.

Problem-solving ideas According to the information in Figure 4, Crescent Moon Spring is part of the ancient river channel in the picture, so option B is selected.

. The main reason why the springs are drying up is

A. Climate warming and increased evaporation B. Less precipitation and reduced rainwater supply

C. Wind and sand deposition , siltation of ancient river channels D. Groundwater recharge continues to decrease

Answer D

Proposition concept This question mainly tests students' ability to read images and obtain and analyze geographical information, as well as about the interaction between water bodies. Supply knowledge points.

From the perspective of the shrinking water surface of Crescent Spring, A, C, and D are all possible. Option B, this place is located in a non-monsoon area with low average annual precipitation, so it is excluded. However, the key word of this question is "spring water", and items A and C have nothing to do with spring water supply, so D is selected.

Knowledge Expansion Crescent Spring is a natural outcrop of groundwater in the Dunhuang Basin and is an integral part of the entire groundwater system. Crescent Moon Spring receives recharge from groundwater in the basin area. The main reason for the environmental degradation of Crescent Spring is the continuous reduction of groundwater recharge.

(2013 College Entrance Examination Questions, Fujian Paper) A research study group of a middle school in Fujian designed adjustable window sunshades to achieve good sunshade and lighting in the classroom. Figure 5 shows the design principle of the sun visor. Answer questions 11 to 12 accordingly.

Figure 5

. When the sun visor is retracted and the indoor noon sunlight area reaches the maximum value of the year

A. The global day and night are equinoxed B. It is summer in the Northern Hemisphere

C. Direct sunlight 20?S D. Polar day in the area south of the Antarctic Circle

Answer 11.D

Proposition Intention This question uses the sun visor as the entry point for examination The changes and applications of the altitude angle of the sun at noon will test students' geographical knowledge in analyzing daily life.

Problem-solving ideas: Pay attention to the keywords "noon" and "maximum value of the year" in this question. Combined with the greater the sun's altitude angle, the smaller the area illuminated indoors, and conversely, the larger the illuminated area. This place is located in Fujian Province (Northern Hemisphere). The height of the sun at noon here reaches the minimum value in the year. It is the winter solstice. The sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer. At this time, the Antarctic Circle and the areas south of it experience the polar day phenomenon. Therefore, choose D. Please pay attention to this question. Regarding the relationship between the height of the sun at noon and the area illuminated, students may easily choose B, thinking that in the northern hemisphere summer, the days are longer and the area illuminated is larger. This question tests the time of noon, not a day.

. A middle school student in Jinan learned from this design. If the windows in the two places are the same size and shape, the adjustments that should be made are: 1. The installation height remains unchanged, and the sun visor is lengthened. 2. The installation height does not change. Change, shorten the sun visor

　③The length of the sun visor remains unchanged, reduce the installation height ④The length of the sun visor remains unchanged, increase the installation height

　A.①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D . ②④

Answer 12.A

Proposition idea This question mainly tests the knowledge of the change of the altitude angle of the sun at noon, focusing on testing students’ independent inquiry ability and embodying the concept of the new curriculum standard.

Problem-solving ideas: Jinan’s latitude is higher than Fujian’s. The maximum and minimum values ??of the solar altitude angle at noon in a year are smaller than those in Fujian. The maximum value of the indoor area illuminated by the noon sun will be larger, so In order for the sun visor to achieve a better effect, if the installation height remains unchanged, the height of the sun at noon becomes smaller and the sun's rays become more oblique, then the sun visor must be lengthened, as shown in the red dotted line in Figure 1. In the second case, if the length of the sun visor is not changes, then the installation height should be reduced,

As shown in red in Figure 2

2. Comprehensive questions

. (2013 College Entrance Examination Questions Shandong Paper) (24 points) Reading materials and answer questions.

The Yinchuan Plain, with an annual precipitation of only about 200mm but an evaporation of 1,600mm, has many lakes running through it and is protected by the Helan Mountains. It is rich in famous and high-quality products such as rice and wolfberry. Jiangnan's reputation. Figure 6 is a map of the Yinchuan Plain and surrounding areas, and Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the regional geomorphology and landscape.

Figure 6 Figure 7

(1) Point out the landform type at P in Figure 7 and explain its formation process. (6 points)

(2) Helan Mountain is called the "patron saint" of Yinchuan Plain. Analyze the reasons. (6 points)

(3) Point out the main types of agriculture suitable for development in different regions from Helan Mountain to the Yellow River. (8 points)

(4) In recent years, Ningxia has built an industrial belt of wolfberry specialty agricultural products in the Yinchuan Plain. Try to deduce its basis. (4 points)

Answer (1) Alluvial fan (diluvial fan). Mountain rivers flow out of mountain passes, their flow slows down, and a large amount of gravel and silt they carry accumulate in front of the mountains.

(2) Block the cold airflow from the northwest and prevent the invasion of desert; the east slope is the southeast monsoon windward slope, increasing precipitation supply.

(3) Forestry is developed in mountainous areas, animal husbandry is developed in the foothills, planting is developed in the plains, and fishery is developed in rivers and lakes.

(4) There is sufficient sunlight and a large temperature difference between day and night (superior natural conditions); the quality of wolfberry is good and the market competitiveness is strong; the foundation for wolfberry planting is good; the land resources can meet the needs of expanding production scale. (Answer only two points)

Proposition idea This question comprehensively examines the causes of typical landforms, the impact of the regional terrain on the natural environment and human activities, and the sustainable development of regional agriculture, as well as the acquisition of maps. The ability to read information, mobilize and apply relevant knowledge to solve problems, and describe and interpret geographical things. Using written materials, maps of the Yinchuan Plain and its surrounding areas, and landform landscape maps of the area as materials, we first examined the formation of typical landforms under the macro-environmental background of the area, and then examined the special underlying surfaces (the Yellow River runs through and the Helan Mountains? Protect the special geographical environment formed by "Fortress Jiangnan", and then examine the internal differences of this special environment, the formation and layout of corresponding agricultural regional types, and finally explore the development direction of characteristic agriculture. Medium difficulty.

Solution to question (1), from the landscape map and landform type sketch, it can be seen that the landform is located in the front of the mountain, where the river flows out of the mountain mouth, and is distributed in a fan shape. It can be judged to be an alluvial fan or a diluvial fan. It should be noted that during its formation, this area is in the transition zone from mountainous areas to plains. The speed of the river slows down, causing a large amount of sediment carried by the river to accumulate, forming an alluvial fan. For question (2), combined with the regional map and landscape map, it can be seen that Helan Mountain is located in the northwest of the Yinchuan Plain. On the one hand, it blocks the southward flow of winter cold air and the eastward expansion of the western desert. On the other hand, it is on the windward slope of the summer monsoon, which increases precipitation. (3) It can be clearly seen from the regional map and landscape map that the area is divided into mountainous areas, foothills, and plains. According to written materials, because the Yellow River runs through it, there are many lakes. It can be seen that there are also vast rivers and lakes in this area. waters. Based on these regional characteristics and the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, the agricultural types in each region are analyzed. (4) In fact, it is to analyze the location advantages of developing the wolfberry characteristic industrial belt, which can be analyzed and answered from the aspects of natural conditions, raw material conditions, market conditions, etc.

.(2013 College Entrance Examination Tianjin Paper) (30 points) Read the graphic materials and answer the questions.

Tea trees are suitable for growing in areas with a temperature of 10 to 35°C, annual precipitation of more than 800 mm, high air humidity, gentle slopes, and good drainage conditions.

Figure 6 Figure 7 Huangshan Sea of ??Clouds

(1) In the two areas A and B shown in Figure 6, the most suitable area for the growth of tea trees is .

What information in Figure 6 do you base your judgment on? Please list two items and explain. (9 points)

In recent years, about 30% of the migrant workers working in the Yangtze River Delta region come from Anhui Province.

(2) Please explain the main reasons why the Yangtze River Delta region attracts a large number of Anhui people to work. (6 points)

In order to promote the transfer of foreign trade processing and other industries from my country's coastal areas to the central region, the country has established industry transfer demonstration zones in cities along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.

(3) What benefits will the transfer of foreign trade processing and other industries bring to the industrial development of these cities? (6 points)

Huangshan Mountain in southern Anhui Province is famous for its exotic pines, The beautiful scenery such as strange rocks, sea of ??clouds, and hot springs attracts a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists.

(4) How can tourists enjoy the Huangshan Sea of ??Clouds shown in Figure 7? Please make two suggestions. (6 points)

(5) During the sightseeing tour, the tour guide requires tourists to stand on the observation deck. In addition to facilitating the viewing, what other reasons are there? (3 points)

12. Answer (1) B place.

Site B is located south of the Huaihe River and belongs to a humid subtropical area. Judging from the contour characteristics, the terrain of Site B is low mountains and hills.

(2) There are many employment opportunities (large labor demand), high income level (high economic development level); close to Anhui (low transportation costs; close geographical environment).

(3) Optimize the industrial structure; improve the efficiency of industrial agglomeration (expand the scale of industry).

(4) Choose the right location (stand at a high place and look down); choose the right time. (If you answer a specific time, it will be reasonable)

(5) Ensure the safety of tourists.

Test question concept This question uses the regional map of Anhui Province as the background to test candidates' mobilization and application of geographical knowledge, basic skills (location factors of human industrial activities, reasons for population migration) and the use of correct geographical concepts to discuss and evaluate reality Geographical issues in tourism (appreciation of tourist landscapes and design of tourist activities).

Problem-solving ideas

(1) Examining the growing conditions of tea trees is more difficult than easy. Question: Tea trees are suitable for growing when the temperature is 10 to 35°C and the annual precipitation is more than 800 mm. Areas with high air humidity, gentle slopes and good drainage conditions? B is south of the Huaihe River and has a subtropical monsoon climate with a precipitation of more than 800. From the contour map, it can be seen that it is low hills and hills with good drainage performance.

(2) Examining the reasons for population migration, the main influencing factor of population migration in my country is economic factors. At the same time, the spatial distance between the place of emigration and the place of emigration must be considered.

(3) When examining the impact of industrial transfer, when answering this question, please note that it is the impact on urban industries, not the city.

(4) What is examined is the appreciation of tourism resources in tourism geography. The sea of ??clouds is a meteorological landscape, so you have to choose the time at a high place.

(5) This question tests safety knowledge in tourism activities.

.(2013 College Entrance Examination Shanghai Paper) Western Europe is blessed with a unique natural environment and colorful geographical landscapes. Read the pictures and answer the questions. (12 points)

Figure 2 Geographical landscape map of Western Europe

⑴ Based on the map, comprehensively analyze the impact of physical geographical elements on the formation of the temperate maritime climate characteristics of Western Europe and its impact on the human geographical environment. (12 points)

Answer: ⑴

Latitude, sea and land location, topography, and atmospheric circulation together shape the unique natural geographical environment of Western Europe.

Western Europe is roughly located in the temperate zone between 40? It is high, the plains are vast, and the mountains extend roughly in the east-west direction, making it easy for warm and humid air to penetrate deep into the interior; the North Atlantic warm current moves north along the European coast, warming and humidifying the climate. These factors lead to the formation of a temperate maritime climate in Western Europe that is mild and humid all year round.

Impact on river shipping: Affected by climate and topography, Western Europe has a dense network of rivers, with stable river flow, small water level changes, and high shipping value.

Impact on agriculture: The mild and humid climate makes the pasture here prosperous and juicy, and the output of dairy livestock is high and stable. The planting industry is mainly wheat. The flat terrain is conducive to mechanized farming and the grain output is stable.

Influence on regional culture: Western Europe’s mild and humid climate and flat terrain have created planting and dairying industries, which are the material basis for the local food culture that mainly focuses on bread and dairy products.

Impact on population, cities and industry: Because the climate is humid and the terrain is flat, suitable for human habitation, the population is densely distributed, with numerous cities and dense industrial areas.

The proposition concept uses regional maps and landscape maps as information carriers to comprehensively test candidates' ability to acquire and interpret image information, comprehensively process information, and mobilize and apply knowledge to analyze geographical issues. The propositional intention attaches equal importance to knowledge and ability. Question difficulty: Hard.

The key to problem-solving: mobilize and use known principles and knowledge to conduct logical reasoning and analysis of the causes of climate and the knowledge framework of the relationship between climate and human activities.

Problem-solving ideas

Obtain information from the regional map: Most of Western Europe is located on the west coast of the continent between 40?N and 60?N. It belongs to the north temperate zone, has a winding coastline, and many islands and peninsulas. , bays and inland seas, with the main mountain ranges running east-west. Mobilize stored knowledge: Most of Western Europe is a plain, and the powerful North Atlantic warm current flows along the coast of Western Europe. On this basis, by mobilizing the knowledge and principles of climate causes, according to the solar radiation? It is located in the mid-latitude, north temperate zone; the atmospheric circulation is controlled by the prevailing westerly winds all year round; the underlying surface (the location of the sea and land? the west coast of the continent, the outline of the sea and land? the winding coastline, The sequence of ocean currents (warm currents in the North Atlantic warming and humidifying, topography (mountains running east-west, low in the west and high in the east, which is conducive to the penetration of westerly winds)) is analyzed one by one. The combined effect of the above factors has resulted in a typical temperate maritime climate in Western Europe, which is mild and humid all year round, with more and evenly distributed precipitation, warm winters and cool summers, and small annual variations.

Secondary extraction of image information: In the regional map, wheat belts are distributed at lower latitudes, and dairy livestock belts are distributed at higher latitudes. The landscape shows cows in the pasture and ships traveling on the river. It can be determined that the answer direction is the impact of climate on human environments such as agricultural production and inland water transportation. Agricultural production is affected by climate (light and hot water), terrain and other factors; navigation conditions are affected by terrain and water system hydrology, and water system hydrology is affected by topography and climate.

.(2013 College Entrance Examination Questions from Hainan) Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements. (10 points)

In the curved section of the river, there is a phenomenon of "concave bank erosion and convex bank accumulation".

The Saint-Béneize Bridge on the Rhone River in France was built in 1177. It was overhauled and rebuilt in the 13th and 15th centuries, and was abandoned in 1668. The great flood of 1669 destroyed the bridge piers on the right bank of the river. Later, the broken bridge on the left bank (the thick solid line on the left side of Figure 7) became a tourist attraction? The broken bridge of San Benezer (photo on the right of Figure 7).

Figure 7

By comparing the depth and flow rate differences of the river water near the left and right banks of the river at the broken bridge, it is explained why the broken bridge can be preserved to this day.

Answer: The bridge is built on a curved section of the river. The right bank is a concave bank. The water is deep and the current is fast, and the erosion of the river bank is strong; (5 points)

The left bank is a convex bank. The river is shallow and flows slowly, so the river banks are less subject to erosion and the erosion effect on the broken bridge is very weak. (5 points)

This question mainly examines the causes of river landforms, the difference in erosion and accumulation between concave banks and convex banks, through the river channel characteristic map (left picture) and the broken bridge on the river (right picture) Distribution, combined with the "concave bank erosion and convex bank accumulation" rules given in the material, analyze the reasons why the broken bridge has been preserved to this day. This is a question on the application of principles. Moderate difficulty.

Combining the problem-solving ideas with materials and pictures, we can see that the broken bridges are distributed on the left bank (convex bank) of the river. The question of this question can be divided into two parts. The first part is to analyze the difference in depth and flow speed of the river near the left and right banks. The second part is to analyze the reason why the broken bridge can be preserved to this day. This question must be analyzed in conjunction with the first question. In the first question, the difference in depth and flow speed between the left and right banks: the right bank is a concave bank, and the left bank is a convex bank. Combined with the "concave bank erosion, convex bank accumulation" rule, it can be seen that the right bank has strong erosion, so the flow speed must be fast and the depth must be greater. (Of course, it is better to add some physical knowledge to the students when analyzing. The flowing water on the concave bank must maintain a state of motion (inertia), and the impact on the concave bank is strong, so the erosion effect is strong.) As for the accumulation on the convex bank, it must The flow rate is slow, and due to strong accumulation, a large amount of sediment is deposited, so the water depth is shallow. The second part of the question is easy to analyze based on the first question. It can be seen from the picture that the broken bridge is on the left bank, which is a convex bank. The accumulation effect is strong and the erosion effect is weak. Of course, it is not easy to be washed away during the flood period, so it can be Preserved to this day.

2013 Shandong Basic Ability Test 65. On June 8, 2012, scientists observed the sunlight shadowing conditions of an object somewhere and drew a schematic diagram based on the changes in its shadow length (Figure 14). Judging from the picture, the place is located

A. Within the Arctic Circle B. Within the Antarctic Circle

C. Tropic of Cancer D. Tropic of Capricorn

Analysis from the picture time It shows that it is about before the summer solstice; in the polar day period of this place, the height of the sun is greater than zero (on the horizon) during the day; the height of the sun is inversely proportional to the length of the shadow; the shadow is the shortest and shortest at noon, that is, the height of the sun is the highest, indicating that the place is within the Arctic Circle.

The following landscape diagram: