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The story of musician Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is the most famous German musician in the world since the late 8th century. 1770 65438+Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on February 26th. His grandfather was originally from the Netherlands, and after moving to Germany, he was a local court musician. My father is a tenor and my mother is the daughter of a court chef. Beethoven grew up in the period of "enlightened autocracy" in Joseph II, and the rulers in Bonn also implemented some improvement measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the Enlightenment in Germany at that time. Beethoven grew up in such an environment in his childhood. However, Beethoven's childhood was very unhappy, and his alcoholic father ruined his family business. He tried to turn four-year-old Beethoven into a cash cow and hoped that his son would become a Mozart-style prodigy. Therefore, he not only forced his children to practice the piano, but also often dragged them out of their deep sleep to play the piano when they came home from drinking in the middle of the night. Beethoven, who was under eight years old, was forced to perform and perform in front of Cohen's audience, and Beethoven, who was eleven years old, began to work in a theater band. This hard childhood life made Beethoven embark on an independent road of making a living by music very early, and at the same time developed his stubborn character.

Starting from 178 1, Beethoven studied Bach's Piano Music with Equal Rhythm and its composition method while working in the theater. Naif is a very cultivated composer and conductor, and he tends to the Enlightenment. He contributed to the development of German national operas and oratorios. Beethoven learned from this teacher and realized the importance of learning German folk music traditions. Under the naive guidance, he also accepted the influence of the Enlightenment and became interested in the progressive literature of Germany at that time.

After 1787, Beethoven shouldered the economic burden of family life. However, Beethoven did not give in to suffering. He managed to attend a philosophy class at Bonn University. He is fascinated by reading and studying ancient myths, Greek and Latin classical literature, and he likes the works of Shakespeare, Schiller and Goethe. Although he didn't have Mozart's precocious talent, he didn't have Mozart's superior learning conditions, and he made unremitting self-study and achieved achievements that all his predecessors could not reach.

1789 The French bourgeois revolution and the progressive anti-feudal movement in the Rhine Valley played a great role in Beethoven's ideological growth, and he gradually took the pursuit of "freedom, equality and fraternity" as his political ideal. 1790, his chorus "The Death of Yue Se II" eulogized Joseph II as the savior of the people, which on the one hand showed his pursuit of Republican ideal and also reflected Beethoven's unrealistic fantasy of reformism in his early years. This work is also Beethoven's earliest attempt to integrate vocal music and symphony.

1792, Beethoven lived in Vienna with Haydn's encouragement and support. At first, he was a talented young pianist who went in and out of Vienna's aristocratic family and was warmly received and protected by the nobles. He once had illusions about the upper class. But Beethoven lived in a different era from Haydn and Mozart, which gave Beethoven a more mature bourgeois consciousness and personal confidence and self-esteem. So he didn't want to be a slave to the aristocratic family from the beginning, but wanted to have an equal position with the nobility. Later, Beethoven gradually found that his bourgeois ideal was in great contradiction with the feudal society at that time, and 1796 began to face the threat of deafness, which made Beethoven grow rapidly in an ideological mood of dissatisfaction with reality and resistance to personal destiny.

After 1797, Beethoven became deaf and his condition deteriorated year by year. For a musician, there is nothing worse than this blow! The devil restricted the composer's communication with the outside world and hindered his piano performance, so he had to give up playing and live in seclusion in the countryside of Vienna for a long time.

Starting from 1800, Beethoven naturally gradually got rid of the influence of Haydn and Mozart in his creation, and strived to create his own artistic style and pursue new ideals. His third symphony (Hero Symphony), which was completed in 1803, marked that his creation entered a new stage of development-maturity. His creativity in this period was extremely strong, which showed the working ability of giants and produced many excellent works. The basic ideological logic of Beethoven's mature works-"victory in struggle" was gradually established during this period, forming a new style of heroism and mass symphony. Revolutionary content, dramatic symphony development skills and various major innovations in form have been further developed during this period. Beethoven's most outstanding works were almost all created in his later years when he was deaf.

1815-1819 is a four-year crisis period that Beethoven experienced. At that time, Europe fell into the reactionary feudal restoration period, the bourgeois revolutionary forces were stifled, and darkness enveloped the European continent. Beethoven's thoughts in this period were complicated, and his confidence and firmness were disturbed by disappointment and vacillation. The heroic style of creation changes to lyrical style; There are not many works, and most of the time is spent collecting, excavating and adapting the folk songs of European countries. This fully shows that Republicans in the period of bourgeois rise have their historical limitations. However, Beethoven finally struggled out of silence and survived the crisis. From 18 19, Beethoven paid attention to the struggle against feudalism. At this time, his five piano sonatas, five string quartets and even his greatest ninth symphony (chorus symphony) are of far-reaching significance. However, Beethoven's last years were the most miserable and painful years in his life. The threat of loneliness and poverty made him poor and lonely, and he died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. It is said that at the last moment of Beethoven's life, it rained heavily and thunder rumbled. He raised his withered arm and made a final hard blow to the sky. This spirit of endless fighting is all concentrated in his immortal masterpiece.

Beethoven is one of the greatest creators in human art. On the one hand, he has outstanding musical talent, fiery rebellious temperament and giant strong personality. On the other hand, his indomitable will and lofty thoughts derived from social responsibility form his special qualities as a musician. Through his own creation, especially in his nine symphonies, he reflected the great people's movement and the most progressive ideas of that era. He wrote a series of symphonies with the theme of times and personal destiny, combining profound philosophy with touching artistic images, showing the spiritual course from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, from suffering to happiness in the rising period of the bourgeoisie. His nine symphonies are always shining like pearls.

Through the research and analysis of Beethoven's nine symphonies, especially four of them (namely, the third, fifth, sixth and ninth symphonies), we can not only understand the basic characteristics of Beethoven's overall creation and his great and pure thoughts, but also understand the major innovations in symphony creation and see how symphonies have transitioned from Haydn and Mozart to a new development period represented by Schubert and Mendelssohn. As early as when Beethoven was alive, he was recognized as a musician of world significance. He is a great classical composer and a pioneer of romanticism.

During the reign of Kangxi, there was a royal painter named Yu, who studied painting since childhood and was knowledgeable. At that time, he had the title of "Yu painter", so he was quite conceited.

"Jade Painting Sage" works for the palace, and is often said by the audience that Emperor Kangxi is talented, noble in interest and good at painting. "Yu Huaxian" doesn't think so. I think Kangxi is the emperor, of course you should praise him. I don't believe that the emperor knows everything. I, the "sage of painting", based on my own talent, can't get along with flatterers.

To be clear, Michelle Ye, the Holy Father, heard that there was such a proud painter, and he also wanted to see how capable this person really was.

One day, I came to the Forbidden City incognito, and saw Yu's painting "Wang Shizhen Sit-in Whispering", which was quite bold and informal, and I was delighted after reading it.

But when the emperor scolded him, he alarmed all the officials. They all knelt on the steps in awe and shouted, "Long live my emperor!" " "

Emperor Kangxi smiled and waved his hand and said, "I'm here to see the paintings. You're welcome."

Seeing that the emperor was in a good mood, Jade Painter thought, why not take this opportunity to try the emperor's artistic accomplishment in painting and show his talents in front of the emperor?

So he went out and said in a clear voice, "I am Yu." I am a fool, and I am a rough painter. Please advise! "

Emperor Kangxi said; "Don't stick to the ceremony, stand straight." While looking at Yu, I thought, this is obviously to see if I have the level of painting appreciation! Thanks to the old man's character, he said happily, "Your paintings are rigorous in composition, firm in brushwork, mellow in dosage, rich in shades and free to write." Although limited by the scale, it contains the state of' blowing clouds and holding the sun'. Wang Shizhen sat alone in a secluded place, his eyes blurred, although he avoided the world and hated the customs. "

Jade was dumbfounded and slightly shy. She knelt down and said, "My painting skills are far from those of celebrities." He also presented a picture scroll in his hands: "Your Majesty is proficient in painting. Please watch the artistic conception of this painting and I will teach you!"

What a lesson. It turned out that I heard Emperor Kangxi's comments on painting and secretly laughed at his "narcissism". Although he was a little embarrassed, he was not willing to stop there, so he came to a "offensive and defensive".

Yu presented a little-known ancient painting. He thought it would be difficult for your emperor to talk about this painting without a little real talent and learning.

Emperor Kangxi listened and thought, I don't know what painting this "freak" took to test me, and I was very curious. He said, "You hang the picture on the wall and I'll enjoy it with you."

When all the officials in the palace saw Emperor Kangxi's appreciation of painting and art, they crowded together to listen and be taught. At this time, they gasped when they saw the "Jade Painting Sage" taking ancient paintings to test the emperor.

The picture scroll unfolds slowly, only to see a strange and bold splash-ink landscape in front of me. The composition is really amazing. Abrupt rocks are made of cast iron, clouds or springs. Because of its shape, like water falling from the sky, it is natural and there is no ink pollution. This magnificent picture is magnificent, and the viewer is dumbfounded.

Emperor Kangxi took a sip of tea slowly, thinking that there were countless famous paintings in the Forbidden City, but this painting was the first time I saw it. With this painting presented by this geek, I should forgive him.

"Jade Painting Sage" was secretly happy when he saw the emperor holding a cup and thinking. He glanced at the meditating official with smug eyes and twisted his sparse beard with two thin fingers.

At this time, Emperor Kangxi gently put down his teacup and said, "I think this painting is wonderful from near to far, with rugged rocks and different shapes." A trickle runs through the whole painting, one after another, which can be traced back to the source. Pale and heavy clouds push the lush pine trees, adding a bit of mystery to the sound, which is beautiful! "

When officials heard Emperor Kangxi's vivid comments on painting, they immediately became active and looked at the emperor with admiration. "Yu Painting Sage" just put his mouth aside, which means to discuss that painting is only a stylized language from the aspects of composition, brushwork and style, and to clarify that the origin of painting is only "graceful and restrained Bo Gu"!

Emperor Kangxi saw it in his eyes and thought, "Good! This is called' diamond cut diamond'. " So he stood up, took a few steps cheerfully and said, "Since ancient times, there have been six methods and three products in painting. The ancients had clouds and vivid charm. By nature, people can't peek at Wei's brilliance and brilliance; Excellent pen and ink, proper dyeing method and more interesting are called wonderful products; Those who get their shape without breaking the rules are called the products of ability; This is a triple crystal. "

"Jade Painting Sage" stopped shaking his head when he heard this. Staring at Emperor Kangxi. Only Emperor Kangxi said with a smile, "I once heard that there was a Wang Mo in the late Tang Dynasty, who was down and out, wandering around the rivers and lakes, and was good at splashing ink to make landscapes and turquoise. The whole world lamented its exquisiteness. I think this painting is a masterpiece of Wang Mo! "

All the officials were deeply impressed by Emperor Kangxi's profound speech, and there were praises everywhere. Jade blushed and hurriedly knelt down to the ground and said, "Long live the genius of Grandpa, I can't wait!" "

At this time, Emperor Kangxi thought, now let me test his knowledge! So he asked: "I have a deep knowledge of soil, so how did the strange painting style of ink come into being?"

Many officials looked at Yu dumbfounded and panicked, but when they saw Yu, they said cautiously, "Your Majesty is knowledgeable. How dare a stupid minister' teach others how to teach others how to swim!'" "

Emperor Kangxi said with a smile, "It is a pleasure to learn from each other in painting. Let's talk about it. "

I just said, "I heard that Wang Mo was a heavy drinker. Every time he wants to paint, he has to calm down. After that, he took out the ink from the bun and splashed it on the silk. The cover can be deinked and the paint removed, which is a moral. It's really great because it has also changed its attitude. "

Emperor Kangxi listened happily while drawing something on the case with a pen. After I finished speaking, Emperor Kangxi pulled him up at once. When the officials saw it, they could not help sighing. It turns out that Emperor Kangxi painted jade perfectly on paper in the blink of an eye. Although Yu in the painting is still proudly pouting two beards, the swagger is gone. Emperor Kangxi shook his wrist again, leaving a round and beautiful running script on the paper: "The sea of art is boundless, and the heart is boundless."

Since then, there has been a story of Kangxi's painting.

Yan Zhenqing was a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty.

In order to learn calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing first learned from Chu Suiliang, and then worshipped Zhang Xu as his teacher. Zhang Xu was a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. He could write all kinds of fonts, especially cursive script. Yan Zhenqing hopes that under the guidance of this famous teacher, he will soon learn the tricks of writing and become famous at one fell swoop. However, Zhang Xu did not reveal any secrets of calligraphy after learning from a teacher. He just introduced some famous copybooks to Yan Zhenqing, and simply pointed out the characteristics of copybooks for Yan Zhenqing to copy. Sometimes, he takes Yan Zhenqing to climb mountains, go swimming, go to the market and go to the theatre. Let Yan Zhenqing practice calligraphy when he gets home, or watch him write calligraphy.

A few months passed in an instant, and Yan Zhenqing was so anxious that he couldn't come up with the secret of the teacher's calligraphy that he decided to ask the teacher directly.

One day, Yan Zhenqing stood up and said with a red face, "The students have something to ask. Please ask the teacher to teach them the secret of calligraphy."

Zhang Xu replied: "To learn calligraphy, one must' learn engineering', that is, study hard and practice hard; Second, we should "comprehend", that is, accept the inspiration of all natural phenomena. Didn't I tell you many times? "

Hearing this, Yan Zhenqing thought the teacher didn't want to teach secrets, and stepped forward. On him, he pleaded: "I know everything the teacher said, such as' engineering' and' understanding'." What I need most now is the secret recipe of the teacher's stunt, so please teach me. "

Zhang Xu still patiently enlightened Yan Zhenqing: "I saw the princess arguing with the porter and examining the brushwork. When I saw Gong Sundaniang dancing sword, I got the charm of writing. Apart from hard training, I have observed nature and nothing else. "

Then, he told Yan Zhenqing the story of Wang Xianzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, a book sage in Jin Dynasty, practicing calligraphy. Finally, he said seriously, "If there is any secret to learning calligraphy, it is to study hard and practice hard. Remember, people who don't work hard won't achieve anything. "

Yan Zhenqing was greatly inspired by his teacher's teaching, and he really understood the learning methods. From then on, he studied hard, studied hard, learned the charm of calligraphy from life, made rapid progress, and finally became a great calligrapher, ranking first among the four calligraphers.

1, Leonardo da Vinci painted eggs.

Leonardo da Vinci was a famous Italian painter. When I was a child, one day, the teacher took out an egg and said, "Please draw two identical eggs. Can you do it? " Say that finish and left. Da Vinci thought: What's good about eggs? Why is it so difficult? When Leonardo da Vinci looked from one side and the other, the egg was still an egg, but he could never draw two identical eggs. So he went to ask the teacher. First, the teacher praised his careful observation and told him not to underestimate the egg. In fact, he is a million eggs, which are different from different angles. Leonardo da Vinci remembered this sentence, painting should not only be done by hand, but also by heart. After several decades, he finally became a great painter.

2. Huai Su practices calligraphy.

Huai Su's family was poor when he was a child. When I was young, I became a monk, chanting and meditating, and I became interested in practicing calligraphy. Because I couldn't afford to buy paper, I found a board and disc, painted it with white paint and wrote it. Later, Huai Su thought the lacquer board was smooth and not easy to ink, so he planted more than 10,000 plantains on a wasteland near the temple. When the banana grew up, he picked the leaves and spread them on the table, waving at the post.

Because Huai Su practiced calligraphy day and night, the old banana leaves were peeled off and the lobules were reluctant to pick, so he thought of a way to stand in front of the banana tree with pen and ink and write to the fresh leaves, even if the sun shone on him like a frying pan; The biting north wind cracked his hands and skin, but he kept practicing calligraphy regardless. He kept writing about one place after another. This is the famous calligraphy practice of Huai Su Banana.

He studies hard and studies hard; Instead of paper, he wrote over and over again with paint boards and paint boards. All the dishes were worn out, and his bald pen became a grave, famous for "Weeds". "The pen is as fast as a whirlwind, flying around, changing at will, and the statutes are available." Predecessors commented that Crazy Grass inherited Zhang Xu and made new progress, saying that it was "crazy following subversion" and "crazy getting drunk". It also has a great influence on future generations. Huai Su's cursive script tends to be dull in his later years.

There are many ink marks in his cursive script, such as Notre Dame de Dongling and On the Book Stick, which are excellent works with Cao Zhang's brushwork. Bitter bamboo shoots, thousand-character essays and autobiographical essays are all weeds, crazy brushstrokes and colorful dances, which can be said to be masterpieces with great efforts.

3. Wang Xianzhi practices calligraphy.

Wang Xianzhi, the seventh son of Wang Xizhi, was smart and studious since childhood. He is good at cursive script and official script, and he is good at painting. He began to learn calligraphy at the age of seven or eight and studied under his father. On one occasion, Wang Xizhi saw that Xianzhi was practicing calligraphy attentively, so he quietly walked behind him and suddenly reached out to draw a brush in his hand. Xianzhi held the pen tightly and was not pulled out. The father was very happy and praised: "This son is going to be famous again." Xiaoxian was smug after hearing this. Another time, a friend of Xizhi asked Xian to write on a fan, and then he wrote with a brush. Suddenly, the pen fell on the fan and polluted the words. Xiaoxian had a brainwave and a calf came alive on the fan. In addition, people are full of praise for the calligraphy and painting provided, and the small quotation has cultivated pride. It was thoughtful of its parents to see this scene. ...

One day, Xiao Xianzhi asked her mother Xi, "I only need to write for another three years, right?" Mom shook her head. "Five years of head office?" Mother shook her head again. I was anxious and said to my mother, "How long do you think it will take?" "Remember, after writing this 18 jar of water in the yard, your handwriting will be strong and your bones will be full, and you will stand straight and steady." My father stood behind him when I turned around. Wang Xianzhi refused to accept it and said nothing. He gritted his teeth for five years and showed his father a lot of written words, hoping to hear a few words of praise. Who knows, Wang Xizhi shook his head one by one. When the word "big" was raised, my father showed a satisfied expression, filled in a dot casually under the word "big", and then returned all the manuscripts to the dedication.

Xiaoxian was still not satisfied, so he showed all his calligraphy to his mother and said, "I practiced for another five years, completely according to my father's words." Look carefully, what's the difference between my dad and me? " Mother really looked at it carefully for three days, and finally pointed to the point added by Wang Xizhi under the word "big" and sighed and said, "My son has worn out three tanks of water, only a little like Xihe."

After listening to this, he was very discouraged and said weakly, "It's difficult! If this continues, when will there be good results? " Seeing that his arrogance had disappeared, his mother encouraged him to say, "Son, as long as you work hard, there is no river you can't cross or mountain you can't climb. As long as you keep practicing as you have in recent years, you will certainly achieve your goal! "

After listening to the dedication, I was deeply moved and kept practicing. Everything comes to him who waits. He used 18 buckets of water to practice calligraphy, and calligraphy made rapid progress. Later, Wang Xianzhi's writing reached the level of penetrating paper and perfection. His ci is juxtaposed with Wang Xizhi and is called "Two Kings".

4. Beethoven's childhood

Beethoven's grandfather and father were both court singers. Most of the time, his father is drunk, and he is not very good to his family. He never even asks if his family is well fed and warm. At first, a kind grandfather can save this family from too much suffering; On the other hand, the musical talent of his eldest grandson also makes the old man feel very gratified. But when Beethoven was only four years old, his grandfather died. Beethoven's father used to drag the child to the keyboard and let him practice there for hours, slapping him whenever he played wrong. Neighbors often hear children sobbing to sleep because of fatigue and pain. Soon, Faifr, a poor traveling musician, came to this town and was taken to Beethoven's home. He and old Beethoven used to drink in the pub outside until midnight, and then went home to drag little Ludwig out of bed and start classes, sometimes until dawn. To make him look like a child prodigy, his father lied about his age. When I was eight, I took him out to a concert when I was six. But there are no child prodigies in the world. Despite a lot of efforts, the old Beethoven never turned his son into another young Mozart. Compared with Mozart, Beethoven's childhood was too unfortunate. Mozart received a good education in his childhood, and his training time was pleasant and quiet. He had a loving father and a beloved sister. Beethoven, on the other hand, won the respect of his hometown people for his performance, but his world-wide travel performance was far less amazing than Mozart's.

This is an artistic story about speaking-

During the American War of Independence, the whole country was recruiting soldiers. At that time, the young people in the village were basically taken away. Most of the rest are old or unwilling to go. At this time, a poster was put up in the village. The poster said: going to war is not so terrible. There are only two possibilities for being a soldier: injured and not injured. Needless to say, there are only two possible injuries: minor injuries and serious injuries. Needless to say, minor injuries.

The number of villagers who signed up for the army surged.

A galloping horse

Xu Beihong is good at using horses as metaphors and objects to express his patriotic enthusiasm. The horse in Xu Beihong's works is a "horse that flows forever", full of vitality and heroism.

Judging from the inscription of this painting, this "Running Horse Map" was made during the second Changsha Battle in the autumn of 194 1. At this time, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was in a stalemate, and the Japanese army wanted to completely defeat China before launching the Pacific War, making the Kuomintang government kneel, so they tried their best to launch the Changsha Battle repeatedly in an attempt to get through the throat of the north-south traffic in Chongqing. Our side was defeated in the second battle, and Changsha was occupied by Japanese invaders. Xu Beihong, who is holding an art exhibition in Penang, Malaysia, is worried when he hears that the national disaster is coming. He painted "Running Horse" overnight to express his anxiety.