CCTV: Aerial photography of Shaanxi, China.

Shaanxi is located in the hinterland of China, and the Qinling Mountains run through it. The south of Qinling Mountain is called southern Shaanxi, which is a scene in the south of the Yangtze River. On the north side of the Qinling Mountains is the Guanzhong Plain, which is called Qinchuan in 800 miles. Further north, it is the center of the Loess Plateau, northern Shaanxi.

The Qinling Mountains, with a distance of more than 1600 km, are the span of this mountain range from east to west, which is one third longer than the Alps, the largest mountain range in Europe. Qinling Mountain is located in the middle of China, just like a natural barrier. Cold air in winter is not easy to cross it to the south, and warm and humid air in summer is also difficult to go north, because the Qinling Mountains and China have south and north.

Taibai Mountain is the highest peak of Qinling Mountains. This used to be a frozen zone. It participated in the global glacier movement 6.5438+200,000 years ago. The disaster at that time led to a large number of biological deaths in many areas, but some ancient species were fortunately preserved in Qinling area.

In the 1980s, only seven crested ibis were found here. They have lived on the earth for tens of millions of years. Under the protection of human beings, there are now more than 700 crested ibis/kloc-0.

There are more than 300 wild giant pandas in Qinling Mountains. So far, five brown giant pandas have been found, all of which live in the Qinling Mountains.

At an altitude of 2 thousand meters, it is a paradise for golden monkeys, and the winter in Qinling Mountain is cold and long. Antelopes, not cattle, are closer to sheep in genetic relationship and have similar sounds to sheep. They generally live in dense forests at high altitudes.

The tradition of seclusion began in the middle Qinling Mountains, Zhong Nanshan Mountains and Sui and Tang Dynasties. Flying from the middle part of the Qinling Mountains to the northeast, this huge rock group that rises from the ground is Huashan, the most unique stone mountain in the Qinling Mountains. Before the seventh century, few people reached the peak. Later, the Taoist priest carved a path, which is the folklore of Huashan since ancient times.

Jinghe River and Weihe River meet here, and an idiom "distinct" comes into being. The clarity and turbidity of Jinghe River often change alternately with seasons. In the summer rainy season, the sediment concentration in both rivers is high and the boundary is unclear. In winter and dry season, the sediment concentration in Jinghe River will drop to about one thousandth of that in rainy season, and at this time, it will present a symbolic scene of "distinct".

After accepting Jinghe River, the largest tributary of Weihe River, it slowly flows eastward to the destination Yellow River. Shaanxi people regard the Weihe River as the mother river, not only because it is the largest tributary of the Yellow River, but also because it carries a lot of sediment. In tens of millions of years, it alluvial out 36,000 square kilometers of plain-Guanzhong Plain.

The laudatory name of the land of abundance first refers to the Guanzhong Plain. It once gave birth to a miracle, that is, the rise of the Daqin Empire.

The prototype of imitation pottery servants came from these three giant pits. Nearly 8,000 soldiers and horse servants built an unprecedented underground army, bearing people's imagination of the Qin Dynasty. To the west of the Terracotta Warriors, there is an 87-meter-high hillside, which is the mound of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. According to Sima Qian's records, the top of the underground palace is inlaid with sparkling gems, simulating the sun, the moon and the stars, and there is a lot of mercury in the ditch. It took 39 years to build the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, with a maximum of 720,000 workers. The total area of the mausoleum is equivalent to 63 Forbidden Cities in Beijing.

Qin Changcheng is hard to find. We can only imagine the continuous defense project of the Qin Empire through the ruins of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. The beacon tower of the Great Wall was the most advanced communication tool at that time. Soldiers who have been stationed on the Great Wall for generations have lived in Guan Bao.

Straight Road and Great Wall are two super projects in the same period. One is isolated and the other is unobstructed. The Great Wall prevented the Huns from going south, and connected the imperial frontier and the capital directly, from Xianyang to Baotou for more than 700 kilometers.

Ganling, 6 1 stone statue, is the prototype of the envoys of Asian and European countries.

The name Xi 'an has been called for more than 600 years. In the previous 1500 years, it was known and yearned for by the whole world under the name Chang 'an.

The Wild Goose Pagoda is a landmark building in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzang presided over the construction of this pagoda to preserve the scriptures and Buddha statues he retrieved from India.

Chang 'an, as the starting point of the Silk Road, has a prosperous trade market. In the Tang Dynasty, it was seven times the size of Constantinople, the largest city in Europe. At the peak, the population exceeded 1 10,000.

The imperial palace in the Tang Dynasty used to be the largest brick-wood palace group in the world, the site of Daming Palace. Today we can still see the shadow of Chang 'an in Kyoto, Nara and other places in Japan.

Xi Marathon is called City Horse because it is held on the city wall. What we are seeing now is the remains of the Ming Dynasty.

If the development of most cities is carried out on the height and boundary, then Xi 'an is a city with time superimposed in the same space, and the time and space of Qin, Han, Tang, Ming and Thirteenth Dynasties are also aggregated in the ancient city.

Across the Qinling Mountains, the water vapor in the north was intercepted, which originated from numerous streams and became the source of the Han River. Hanjiang River is the most abundant river in Shaanxi. More than two thousand years ago, the Han River gave birth to a powerful dynasty. The Han Dynasty, Han people, Han people and Chinese characters all originated from the Han River.

As a tributary of the Han River, Xunhe meanders through the urban area. This is the last section of the Han River in Shaanxi. After crossing the valley at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, it will flood out of Jianghan Plain, which is 46,000 square kilometers in Hubei Province.

Hanzhong basin nourished by Hanshui River is rich in products. March is the most prosperous season of rape flowers in Hanzhong every year. China grows more than 65438+ million mu of rape every year, which can be seen from Hainan in the southernmost part to Inner Mongolia in the northernmost part, spanning more than 30 latitudes. There is a world rape flower belt of more than 2000 kilometers near the north latitude where Hanzhong rape flower is located. This rape flower belt produces rapeseed every year, accounting for the world total.

In the south of Shaanxi, abundant water systems irrigated more rice fields and planted rice. Spring comes late in northern Shaanxi, and the terraced fields after spring sowing are often insulated with plastic films. The special climate and landform have created this northern terrace.

Flying west, we arrived at Longshan, which is more than two kilometers above sea level. During the vertical uplift of the terrain, the temperature gradually decreased, and the cold climate led to the decrease of trees on the surface, forming the only natural grassland in Shaanxi-guanshan prairie. More than 2000 years ago, Qin people discovered this grassland and began the history of grazing and raising horses here.

70% of the loess of our planet is concentrated here, which is the largest loess plateau in the world, and the deepest loess layer can reach 180 meters. It is hard to imagine that it is the result of sand gradually blowing and depositing. After decades of greening and transformation, most areas of the Loess Plateau have now been covered by layers of greening.

Millions of years ago, the dry and cold wind in the northwest, with a lot of soil, was stopped by the Qinling Mountains and slowly fell. They gradually accumulated at a speed of about 10 thousand years and one meter, and finally formed the Loess Plateau.

In human history, the tragedy of sandstorms devouring civilization has been repeated again and again, but the Loess Plateau is an exception. The place where the river flows has deposited a flat land, where there is the most fertile soil. Thousands of years ago, our ancestors started the earliest agriculture in this valley. Thousands of years later, the ancient crop millet, which is today's millet, still grows on this cultivated land.

This is probably the oldest cypress tree in the world. It has been growing here for 5000 years. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor planted it himself. Today, more than one fifth of the people in the world regard the Yellow Emperor as the same clan. The tribal alliance established by the Yellow Emperor is the embryonic form of the Chinese nation, and the Loess Plateau has ushered in the dawn of civilization.

Near the latitude of the Loess Plateau, it shone brilliantly 5000 years ago. It concentrates on several of the oldest human civilizations, including the ancient Egyptian civilization in Babylon and the ancient Indian civilization.

Guan Guan Sui dove is in Hezhou, and the place described in the poem is Qiachuan in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. More than 2000 years ago, our ancestors cultivated intensively in spring and lived a slow life in the Yellow River Basin. They recorded their daily life and real feelings, and when they sang it, it became the earliest poem. The Book of Songs is such a collection of poems, an ancient pastoral, which is sung in this endless land.

This nine-story ancient pagoda of Ming Dynasty is a landmark building in Yan 'an. Cave loess has good thermal insulation and compact structure, and it is not easy to collapse after excavation, so people have created caves with warm winter and cool summer according to local conditions.

Pit the yard, dig a square pit on the flat ground, and then dig a cave on the pit wall. Most people will plant a tree in the yard, and the crown will come out of the ground to prevent outsiders from accidentally falling into the pit.

Seaweed and different mineral compositions make the salt fields here show different colors. Dingbian Salt Lake is the main salt-producing area in northwest China, and its salt reserves are enough for all mankind to eat for three years. At present, machines basically replace manual work to complete heavy salt-making work.

These salt lakes were originally closed inland lakes with high salt content. Because the evaporation is about 8 times of the precipitation, the lake is decreasing, and the lake is gradually coming to the end of life. Salt is the last gift left by the lake to mankind.

In potato farmland, in order to save water, large-scale sprinkler irrigation system takes water as the center and irrigates alternately to form a circular farmland. There are many desert agricultural experimental fields in the north of Yulin, which provide new possibilities for human beings to transform the desert.

It used to be the last capital of Huns, and nomadic people living by water generally don't build cities. In the 5th century, after the Huns established the Daxia regime, they began to build Wantong City. In order to make the wall strong, the building materials are not only sand and lime, but also glutinous rice juice to enhance the viscosity. The construction of Wantong City is more like the return of Xiongnu. Less than 20 years after the city was built, the Huns disappeared into the vast Gobi.

The Wuding River near Tongwancheng was originally an oasis, and the position of this river almost drew the boundary between nomadic civilization and farming civilization. Today, it is still a farming-pastoral ecotone, with herders in the north and farmers in the south.

After entering the industrial age, people discovered the new value of the Loess Plateau, which is the core of the energy corridor in China. Hundreds of millions of years ago, the Loess Plateau was densely covered with lakes and there were many ancient creatures. When these people die from generation to generation, their fat and protein become oil and natural gas. After the disappearance of ancient life, it passed through thousands of years in the form of energy.

Today, with abundant sunshine and strong wind, solar energy and wind energy can be developed vigorously, and the new energy model has refreshed people's impression of the Loess Plateau.

Hongjiannao is the largest desert freshwater lake in China. Every summer, 60% of the seagulls in the world come from afar. Among all gull waterfowl, it was finally discovered by human beings. The remaining seagulls choose their breeding grounds very carefully. They only give birth to offspring on the island in the middle of the lake in the desert. The water level around the central island of the lake should not be too high or too low, and the lake must be calm. It can be said that the gull is a very picky bird.

The northern part of Shaanxi is bordered by Inner Mongolia, which is the transition zone from grassland landform to loess plateau. The Yellow River, which originally flowed from west to east, also turned from north to south here and began a long journey across Shaanxi for 700 kilometers.

There are nine bends in ileum, in which Gankun Bay forms a Taiji diagram, bounded by the Yellow River, connected to Shanxi in the east and Shaanxi in the west.

Hukou Waterfall, the largest yellow waterfall in the world, has the widest water surface 1000 meters and a drop of 50 meters. Unrestrained flowing water is like Tianhe, and the hukou has become a natural barrier. Many impassioned stories are interpreted here.

The unstoppable Yellow River has become the spiritual symbol of this oriental nation. Nothing can stop a long river from flowing into the sea, and the sea of Wan Chuan's reunification is just ahead.