What do you mean when the temple is high, the name is worried, and the rivers and lakes are far away?

"If you live in a temple, you will worry about the people, and if you live in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king." The meaning of this sentence is: to be a senior official of the imperial court, we must care about the people; Being in remote rivers and lakes, we must not forget to pay attention to national security. In this way, I am worried about being an official in the imperial court, and I am also worried about being in a remote Jianghu.

The source of this sentence is: The Story of Yueyang Tower written by Fan Zhongyan in Song Dynasty.

The original text is like this:

In the spring of the fourth year, Li Qing stayed in Baling County. The next year, the government was harmonious and everything was ruined. It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it, which belongs to the composition to remember. (Passage: Furniture)

Guanfu Baling wins in Dongting Lake. The mountains are far away, the Yangtze River swallows, the soup is wide, the horizon is boundless, the morning light is brilliant, and the weather is myriad. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things very well.

If it rains heavily, the moon will not open, the evil wind will howl, the turbid waves will be empty, the sun and stars will be hidden, the mountains will be hidden, business travel will not work, the dusk will be extinguished, and the tigers will roar and the apes will cry. When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad. (hidden work: hidden glory; Yin Yutong: Yu Yu)

If it is spring and Jingming, the waves are calm, the sky is bright and blue, Ji Xiang, Sha Ou, swimming in brocade scale, and the coast is green and green. Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you arrive at Dunsi Building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy.

Hey, honey! Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy for things, don't be sad for yourself. If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people, and if you are far away, you will worry about the king. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? It must be said that "worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world"! Hey! Wes, who are we going home with?

September 15th, six years.

This article is translated into vernacular as follows:

In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted as the satrap of Baling. In the second year, political affairs were smooth, people were happy, and various waste businesses were established one after another. So the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt, the original scale was expanded, and the poems of Tang Dynasty and contemporary celebrities were engraved on it. He asked me to write an article about it.

I saw the beautiful scenery of Baling County, all on Dongting Lake. Bite the mountain and swallow the long river, the water is boundless, and the weather is ever-changing. This is a magnificent sight of Yueyang Tower. The previous account has been very detailed. Even so, most officials and poets who have been relegated to other places have led to the martial arts in the north and the Num and Xiangshui in the south meeting here, and the feelings caused by watching the natural scenery will probably be different, right?

Just like that rainy day, it didn't clear up for months, the cold wind roared and the turbid waves rushed to the sky; The sun, the moon and the stars cover their brilliance, and the mountains cover their appearance; Businessmen and passengers couldn't get through, the mast fell and the oars broke; In the evening, when the sky is dark, tigers roar and apes crow, you will be sad to leave Beijing, miss your hometown, worry about other people's bad words and criticisms, and your eyes will be full of depression.

When the spring breeze is warm and the sun is shining, the lake is calm and there are no stormy waves. The sky is connected with the lake and green is boundless. Seagulls on the sandbar sometimes fly and sometimes stop, beautiful fish swim around, and flowers and plants on the shore and on the small continent are green. Sometimes it disappears, the bright moonlight pours thousands of miles, the fluctuating light flashes golden light, the quiet moon is like jade sinking into the water, and the fishing song rings when you sing and I sing. This kind of fun is really endless! At this time, when you board this building, you will feel open-minded and happy, and forget the honor and disgrace. Holding a glass and blowing a breeze is really very happy.

Alas! I have discussed the thoughts and feelings of ancient virtuous people, or the feelings different from the above two kinds of people. Why? It is because you are not happy or sad because of the change of external things and your situation. To be a high-ranking official in the imperial court, we must be concerned with the people; Being in remote rivers and lakes, we must not forget to pay attention to national security. In this way, I am worried about being an official in the imperial court, and I am also worried about being in a remote Jianghu. In this case, when will they feel happy? I would probably say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later." Alas! Without this person, who would I be with?

Written on September 5, 2006/kloc-0.

It may be difficult to understand the meaning only by reading the article, so it is better to understand it in combination with the creative background of the article at that time:

This article was written in the sixth year of Li Qing (AD 1046). Fan Zhongyan lived in the Northern Song Dynasty, where internal class contradictions became increasingly prominent, and he was eyeing the foreign Khitan and Xixia. In order to consolidate the political power and improve this situation, the political group headed by Fan Zhongyan began to carry out reforms, which was later called the "Qingli New Deal". However, the reform violated the interests of the feudal big landlord class conservatives and was strongly opposed by them. The emperor's determination to reform was not firm, and the reform ended in failure under the oppression of conservative bureaucratic groups. After the failure of the "Qingli New Deal", Fan Zhongyan offended the Prime Minister Lv Yijian, and Fan Zhongyan was relegated to Dengzhou, Henan. This article is about Dengzhou, not Yueyang Tower.

Having said that, let's appreciate and comment on this article together:

The Story of Yueyang Tower is an essay written by the author at the request of his good friend Teng Ling of Baling County to rebuild Yueyang Tower. By writing about the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the different feelings brought by rainy days and sunny days, the article reveals the benevolent heart of the ancients who "don't like things, don't grieve for themselves", and also expresses his patriotic feelings of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later". The article goes beyond the narrow scope of simply writing about mountains and rivers, and combines the gloomy changes of nature, the lack of rain and shine, and the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poets", thus focusing on discussing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article. Full-text narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion are integrated, and the combination of static and dynamic, contrast between light and dark, concise words and harmonious syllables make it an innovation of miscellaneous notes to compare scenes with couplets.

The full text of Yueyang Tower consists of 368 words and five paragraphs.

At the beginning of the article, come straight to the point and describe the origin of the matter. Starting from the time of "Four Years of Li Youth", the style is elegant and straight; Saying that Teng was "living in exile" is a metaphor for the ups and downs of his official career, which laid the foundation for his later lyricism. The following four words are only used to write Teng's political achievements, which leads to the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower, which is the introduction of the full text.

In the second paragraph, the style of writing is exciting and the words are passionate. First of all, I always say "Baling wins, in Dongting Lake", and set the following range of scenery. The following words "Take the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River" describe the spectacular Dongting Lake. A title and a swallow are very imposing. "Hao Tang Tang, the sea is vast and the sky is vast", which means that the water waves are magnificent; "It's sunny and sunny in the morning, and the weather is full", which is simple and vivid. The first four sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of space, and the last two sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of time. The sentence "what predecessors have said is ready" is a link between the past and the future, and responds to the previous sentence "Tang Xian's modern poems". This sentence is not only modest, but also implies a turning point. After a change of "natural principle", a new artistic conception is introduced, from simply writing scenery to writing the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poet" in a way of blending scenes, thus forming the main body of the full text.

The third paragraph and the fourth paragraph are two parallel paragraphs, one sad and one happy, one dark and one bright, like two different emotional streams, which convey two diametrically opposite life situations in which scenery and emotions are mutually induced.

The third paragraph, people who are sad when writing things. Starting with "Ruofu" is very meaningful. This is a controversial word, but it also shows the emotional appeal of virtuality, which is the condensation, refinement and sublimation of countless realities and is quite typical. "Ruofu" describes a sad situation below, from bad weather to people's inner sadness. Here are four-word short sentences, which are rendered layer by layer and described step by step. Rain, evil wind and turbid waves constitute the main scene, which makes the sun, moon and stars dim and makes business travel stagnate; Or in the twilight, when tigers roar and apes cry, the former "immigrant poets" have the generosity of "going to the countryside to miss their hometown", the fear of "worrying but afraid of ridicule" and the feeling of "feeling extremely sad"

The fourth paragraph is happy to write things. Under the leadership of "Zhiruo", a sunny picture was opened. "If" is also an enumerated tone, but it has become loud in syllables and lively and powerful in style. Although the following description is still a short sentence of four words, the tone has changed, drawing the beautiful scenery of spring breeze, with beautiful scenery and clear water. More seagulls are flying freely, fish are wandering happily, and even ignorant aquatic plants and orchids are full of vitality. With extremely concise pen and ink, the author painted a spring color picture of lake light, which seemed to be in front of him. It is worth noting that the sentence pattern and rhythm of this paragraph are similar to those of the previous paragraph, but there are other changes. The sentence of "harmony or" further expands the artistic conception, strengthens the meaning of repetition, and pushes the atmosphere of "jubilation" to a climax, while the mood of "climbing high and looking far" has become detached from "forgetting humiliation" and "taking wine with the wind".

The fifth paragraph is the focus of the whole article, starting with "Jifu", which is both lyrical and argumentative. After listing the two situations of sadness and joy, the author's writing immediately stirred up, revealing a higher ideal beyond the two situations, that is, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself." Being touched by things is human nature, but it is not the highest state of being a man. In ancient times, benevolent people were determined and did not waver because of changes in external conditions. Whether it is "living in the temple" or "traveling in the rivers and lakes", the heart of worrying about the country and the people will not change. "I am also worried about entering, and I am also worried about retreating." This seems counterintuitive and somewhat incredible. In this regard, the author drew up a question and answer, and issued an oath of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" under the guise of the words of ancient saints. The end of the song is elegant and points out the main idea of the whole article. "alas! "Wes, who are we going home with? "Sad and generous, let a person feel sorry. Note the writing time at the end of the article and coordinate with the beginning of the article.

This article shows that although the author lives in rivers and lakes, cares about the country and the people and is persecuted, he still does not give up his indomitable will. At the same time, it is also an encouragement and comfort to his demoted comrades. Yueyang Tower is famous for its lofty ideological realm. Ouyang Xiu, another contemporary writer, said in an inscription written for him that he was interested in the world since he was a child, and he often recited to himself: "A scholar should worry about the world first, and enjoy the world afterwards." It can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's life code of conduct is "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" mentioned at the end of Yueyang Tower. Mencius said, "Being rich is good for the world, and being poor is good for the world." This has become the creed of many literati in feudal times. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this article, he was demoted to an official and "stayed away from the rivers and lakes". He could have taken an independent attitude and lived a leisurely and happy life. However, he put forward the principle that an upright scholar-bureaucrat should stand firm and do his own thing well, and thought that the promotion of personal honor and disgrace could not be ignored. It is hard to encourage yourself and your friends to "not be happy with things, not sad with yourself" and "worry about the world first, and be happy with the world later". The spirit embodied in these two sentences, the quality of suffering first and pleasure second, is undoubtedly instructive.

Finally, I think it is necessary to introduce the author of this article:

Fan Zhongyan (10,989, 1- 1052, June 19) is a Greek. Originally from Yizhou, he moved to Wuxian, Suzhou. Politicians and writers in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard and awarded the commander-in-chief of Guangde Army to join the army. Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, manager of Secret Pavilion School, chief judge of Zhou Chen, and well-known in Suzhou. And has been repeatedly criticized for his rude remarks. In the fourth year of Emperor Yangdi (1052), he changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, and died on the way to help the disease at the age of 64. Tired of giving a surname, secretariat and minister of Chu, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", known as Gong.