A scientist's invention story

The phonograph invented by Edison

Edison was a famous American scientist and inventor. Because he has many inventions 1000, such as electric light, phonograph, film and storage battery, people call him "the king of inventions" and "the magician".

Edison's greatest achievement was the invention of the electric light. However, among his inventions, nothing shocked the society at that time more than the phonograph. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/877, the phonograph invented by Edison caused a sensation throughout new york, and reporters from various newspapers flocked to report this unusual news.

Once this invention came out, it aroused the rapid and huge fanaticism of the society for several months at that time. The railway specially opened a special car to visit. Many people began to disbelieve the invention and suspected that he had hidden something in it to deceive people.

A bishop of a church recited a series of special terms in the Bible at the highest speed on the radio. When these terms are repeated word by word from the machine, people believe that this thing is not fake and marvel with one voice. The newspaper called the phonograph a miracle of the19th century.

However, Edison's famous invention idea was promoted by happy accidents.

Once, Edison improved the telegraph with symbols printed on paper tape in a quiet laboratory alone. At this time, a monotonous voice in the telegram attracted him.

When trying to eliminate this sound, Edison accidentally discovered that it was the sound made by the paper tape under the pressure of the small shaft. When the pressure on the small axis changes, the pitch changes. This gave him the idea of recording and recovering sound by moving channels with different depths on the carrier.

Coincidentally, when Edison tried the telephone again, he found that the diaphragm in the microphone vibrated with the sound. He found a needle, stood on the diaphragm, gently pressed the upper end with his hand, and then spoke to the diaphragm. Experiments show that the higher the sound, the faster the vibration; When the sound is low, the vibration slows down. This discovery strengthened his determination to invent the phonograph.

A few days later, Edison drew a sketch and immediately began to work with his assistant. The main part of the phonograph is a metal cylinder, the edge of which is engraved with spiral grooves. It is pressed on a long shaft with a crank at one end. When the crank is shaken, the cylinder will rotate accordingly.

In addition, there are two small metal tubes. One end of the metal tube is equipped with a membrane plate, and the center of the membrane plate has a blunt needle tip. After numerous transformations, the world's first phonograph was born. Edison recalled: "I said a word loudly and the machine played my voice back." I have never been so surprised in my life. "

Edison changed the phonograph again and again at the beginning of his invention. Ten years later, he removed the phonograph from the dust on the shelf. In order to continue to improve it, he applied for more than 100 invention patents on the phonograph alone. He is deaf, and it is amazing that he can invent such a machine that can make sound.

When we see the phonograph of this era, don't forget that it is permeated with Edison's countless efforts. In fact, for more than a century, the great wave of politeness and invention caused by the phonograph has far-reaching influence. The phonograph, tape recorder, tape recorder and laser audio-visual machine came out one after another. Are they all Edison's great inventions?

Stories invented by scientists (2):

The invention of the telephone

Bell is the man who invented the telephone. He was born in England on 1847. When he was young, he and his father taught the deaf together. He wants to make a machine that can make deaf people see sound with their eyes.

1873, Bell, who became a professor at Boston University in the United States, began to study the device of transmitting multiple telegrams on the same line-multiplex telegrams, and he sprouted the idea of transmitting people's voices to distant places with electricity, so that people thousands of miles away could talk face to face. So bell began to study the telephone.

That was June 2nd, 1875. Bell and his assistant Watson are experimenting with multiple telegrams in two rooms respectively. An accidental accident inspired Bell. In Watson's room, there is a spring stuck to the magnet of the telegraph. When Watson pulled it away, it shook.

At the same time, Bell was surprised to find that the spring on the telegraph in his room vibrated and made a sound. It is the current that transmits vibration from one room to another.

Bell's mind suddenly broadened. He thought: If a person speaks to a piece of iron, the sound will cause the iron to vibrate; If an electromagnet is placed behind the iron sheet, the vibration of the iron sheet will inevitably produce large and small currents in the electromagnet coil.

This fluctuating current travels far away along the wire, so won't the same vibration and sound appear on similar equipment in the distance? In this way, the sound travels far away along the wire. Isn't this the dream phone!

Bell and Watson made the telephone according to this new idea. In an experiment, a drop of sulfuric acid splashed on Bell's leg, which made him cry. "Mr. Watson, I need you. Please come to me! " "This sentence reached Watson's ear by telephone through wires, and the telephone succeeded! 1On March 7th, 876, Bell became the patentee of telephone invention.

Bell obtained 18 patents in his life and 12 patents in cooperation with others. He envisions burying telephone lines in the ground or hanging them in the air, and connecting them to houses, villages and factories ... so that you can make phone calls directly from anywhere. On this day, Bell's vision has already become a reality.

The story invented by scientists (3):

The invention of lightning rod

There is a well-known story about the invention of lightning rod in history. 1752, 46-year-old American scientist Franklin made a kite out of silk and put it into the sky with a string in a stormy weather. The lower end of the hemp rope is tied with a metal key. When the hemp rope is wet by rain, the key becomes a conductor.

At this time, he put his hand close to the key and suddenly saw the electric spark jumping between the key and his finger. At the same time, he felt a sharp pain in his fingers. This experiment proves that thunder in the sky is actually a large-scale discharge phenomenon.

Therefore, Franklin thinks that if a metal wire is installed in a tall building and the lower end of the metal wire is grounded, according to the principle of tip discharge, the danger caused by lightning strike to the building can be avoided. This led to the invention of lightning rod. Because of the invention of lightning rod, the world in which human beings live is a little safer.

The invention of lightning rod seems to be an accident. A coincidence made a great man have a whim and produced an invention.

Extended data:

Thomas Alva Edison (1847, February11-1,10, 10/8) was born in Milan, Ohio. Inventors and entrepreneurs.

Edison was the first person in human history to make use of a large number of production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to patent inventions, which had a far-reaching impact on the world. His invention of the phonograph, movie camera and electric light had a great influence on the world.

He had more than 2,000 inventions and 1000 patents in his life. Edison was named the ninth among 100 people who influenced the United States by the authoritative American periodical Atlantic Monthly.

Major achievements

electric gramophone

1877, Edison found that the diaphragm in the telephone transmitter would vibrate with the voice of speech, so he took a short needle and did an experiment, from which he was greatly inspired. Speech speed can make the short needle vibrate accordingly. On the other hand, this kind of vibration will definitely make the original sound, so he began to study the problem of sound reproduction.

/kloc-in August of 0/5, Edison asked his assistant to make a "strange machine" consisting of a large cylinder, a crank, a receiver and a diaphragm according to the pattern. After the production, Edison took out a piece of tin foil and rolled it on a metal cylinder engraved with spiral grooves, so that one end of the needle gently rubbed the tin foil and the other end was connected with the receiver.

Then Edison shook the handle, sang into the receiver, put the needle back, shook the handle again, and then the machine played back Edison's voice. In February 65438, Edison publicly demonstrated this "tin foil cylinder phonograph", which caused a sensation all over the world.

electric light

Contrary to popular understanding, Edison was not the inventor of electric light at first, but Edison improved it. As early as 180 1 year, a British chemist named humphry davy used platinum wire to electrify and glow in the laboratory.

18 10, he invented the "electric candle" which was illuminated by the arc between two charged carbon rods, which was the earliest prototype of the electric lamp. Joseph swan, another British electrical engineer, after nearly 30 years' research, made a vacuum bulb with electricity and light from carbon wire in 1878+02.

The report about the swan's light bulb gave Edison a great inspiration. 1879 10, Edison finally succeeded in making an incandescent light bulb with carbon fiber as the filament, which is called "carbonized cotton filament incandescent lamp". Later, a large number of incandescent lamps were put into production, and companies were established to establish corresponding power stations, transmission networks and other infrastructure, which soon made electric lamps widely used in the United States.

During this period, he constantly improved his technology, and finally decided to use tungsten wire as the filament, which is called "tungsten lamp" and has been in use ever since, so Edison became a recognized inventor of electric lamp.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Edison