What was the cause of the industrial revolution?

Machines have been invented since ancient times. They are extremely important, such as wheels, such as sailboats, such as windmills and waterwheels. But in modern times, people invented the method of making inventions, and people discovered the method of making discoveries. The progress of machinery is not accidental, but systematic and incremental. We know that we will make more and more perfect machines; This point was not realized before.

After 1870, all industries were influenced by science. For example, in metallurgy, many technological methods have been invented (Bessemer steelmaking, Siemens-Martin steelmaking and Gelkrist-Thomas steelmaking), which makes it possible to smelt a large number of high-grade steel from low-grade iron ore. Due to the use of electric power and the invention of internal combustion engines mainly using petroleum and gasoline, the electric power industry has been completely reformed. The invention of radio also changed the way of communication. 1896, Guri elmo Marconi invented a machine that can send and receive information without wires. However, his achievement is based on the research of Scottish physicist james clerk maxwell and German physicist Henrich Hertz. The petroleum industry has developed rapidly because geologists and chemists have done a lot of work; Geologists explore oil fields with extraordinary accuracy, and chemists have invented various methods to extract naphtha, gasoline, kerosene and light and heavy lubricating oil from crude oil. One of the most striking examples of the influence of science on industry can be found in the derivatives of coal. Coal not only provides coke and valuable gas for lighting, but also produces a liquid, namely coal tar. Chemists have found real treasures in this substance-various derivatives, including hundreds of dyes and a large number of other by-products, such as aspirin, wintergreen oil, saccharin, disinfectants, laxatives, perfumes, photographic chemicals, high explosives and neroli essence.